Crime and Punishment in Latin America Notes 1/27

Jelins 4 main points:

-memories are subject
-memories are objects of dispute, conflict, struggle
-need to look at memories historically
Attached to a pass that changes over time
-need to work through memories not act out
Operacion condor southern cone brings military together; believed opposition was
problematic and force needed to be used
Now plan to form strong democracies to prevent from happening again
Latin America Militaries
Types:
Institutionalized military regime most bureaucrats members of military (ex.
Argentina and Brazil)
Personalized military govt few officers take over top positions but allows civilians
to carry out bureaucratic positions (ex. Chile)
Goals:
Rid govt of corrupt officials & unloyal citizens
Protect from communism
Get rid of inept politicians
Guide country toward economic growth and modernization
Brutal methods:
Little concern of rights and life
Torcher
Euphemism
Desaparacedo taken from streets, not sure if dead, little forensic evidence
Guatemala (now Latin American) term disappearance
Paramilitary:
Outlaw/disband political parties
Suspend civil liberties and safeguards
Imposed censorship
Murdered, exile, imprisoned (political opponents)

Brazil 1891
Military overthrows monarch and establishes republic
Professionalization military leaders educated at institutions
1931
Military helps establish new govt in economic crisis
WWII military turning point
Joins war against germans, fights in Italy
No clear ideology, stay out of politics but intervenes
Favorable reputation
1964
Overthrow democratic president
Steps in to rule
1964-1969
Laying legal groundwork for its rule
Convinced it should establish institutionalized military govt
1969-1973
Intense repression
Any political decent dealt with harshly
1974
Brazilian military opens up govt
Transition back to democracy
Civilians increasing participation in govt
Economy bounces back first 10-15 years of military rule: product instead of import
1980s
Interest rates rise
Military overcommitted debts
No longer has money to keep economy going
1983
Brazil military steps out of govt
Import substitution industrialization (ISI):
Latin American economies too depended on Europe and US
export primary import finished
Policy made to subsidize and develop industries to produce imported products
Ex. cars produce more automobiles to be self sufficient
ISI hopes to produce for export
Loans too expensive business close down
Cant satisfy domestic construction or compete globally
1950s-1970s
Most dissolved
1976-1983 Argentina military rule
Economics
ISI debt crisis
Faulkins war with Great Britain = fall