A building materials assignment:

Submitted by: Group 7

1. GEET KALRA (2013C7A2858P)
2. YIMKUM I.OZUKUM (2013A2PS008)
3. VANDANA JAIN (2013A2PS044P)
4. VIJAY RANJAN DWIVEDI (2013A2PS052P)

CONTRUCTION MATERIALS AROUND THE GLOBE:

Sl.no
.
1.

Name of
material
Clay bricks

the

construction

Purpose

Dung, preferably cow dung

Cement

Concrete

Stones

Marble

Steel

Bamboo

Aluminium

Used as an embellishment, can be used in

walls, for flooring,etc.
Used primarily as reinforcing material in
concrete for buildings.
Primarily a grass, used in scaffolding, for
holding up slabs.
Used in making window, door frames roofs.

10

Glass

In making windows, center tables,etc.

11

Timber

12

Granite

13

Straw

For making roofs, beams, supports,

scaffolds, forms,etc.
Used for making table tops, kitchen tops
,etc.
Used for making thatched roofs of small
houses mostly in villages

Buildings , in masonry, for fire resistant

building units
In rural areas, used for floor and wall
plastering(mixed with mud so that the floor
does not crack) sometimes as fuel
A
fine
agent
that
holds together
aggregates together in concrete.
Used most extensively in the construction
world for buildings, bridges , etc.
Used in stone masonry, walls, etc.

14

Limestone

15

Iron

16

Copper

17

Fly ash

18

Silica fume

19

Granulated
Ground
Blast
Furnace Slag
FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer)

20

21

Plastics and
polymers

22

Tiles

23

Ice blocks

24

e-waste

25

Zinc

26

Tin

27

Bitumen

Used
in
making
lime
mortar,
in
whitewashing walls, etc.
Used primarily in the construction industry
for railings, railroads, etc.
Not so much used but can be used in roofs,
domes, church spires and so on.
Used as puzzolanic material in making
concrete
-do-

various

other

-doUsed mostly in rehabilitation of concrete

buildings but not only limited to such.
Application of FRP can make the region
immune to corrosion. It also contributes to
overall strength of the product.
Their use in the construction material world
is manifold mainly because they can be
added as a constituent in the manufacture
of a wide variety of products and thereby,
helps in giving rise to synthetic concrete.
E.g. Polymer concrete.
A tile is a unit of building material made of
ceramics and stone. It is mainly used for
aesthetic purposes especially on bathroom
walls, kitchen tops,etc.
Used in making igloos by eskimoos in subzero temperature regions.
Recyclable
e-wastes
are
nowadays
compacted into small building units and
can be used to make houses and such. It is
a good means of saving the environment
by recycling the unusable stuff.
Can be used to coat steel and other
vulnerable materials to protect against
corrosion. Some typical uses are in making
zinc sheets for roofs, gutters, drains,
canals,etc.
An important alloy of copper and zinc. It is
used in buildings and primarily in roofs.
It is an important adhesive material. It is
used as a binding material in roads that
can hold the aggregates together in roads
and also acts as a water proofing material

for the interior of the road.

28

Gypsum

It is a retarder added in the cement mix. It

decreases the setting time of the cement
and hence, gives ample time to work the
cement.
It is a plastic material used for sound and
heat insulation
of
ceiling, walls ,
refrigerations,etc.
They present an array of artificially
synthesized materials that can augment
the natural state of structures. E.g.
geomeshes, geotextiles, geogrids, etc. are
extensively used in road consolidation,
parking
areas,
soil
consolidation,
embankments,etc.
Used especially as materials for make-shift
houses in islands for roofs. In addition, coir
can be used to bind the frames of the
building together.
Entire houses made of slate are used by
people in South-East Asia. Slate is also
used as roof tiles in old-fashioned buildings
Used as additives to various structural
materials.
Lightweight filler in composite
materials such
as syntactic foam and lightweight concrete
Typically used to produce parts by injection
molding

29

Thermocol

30

Geosynthetics

31

Coir together with palm leaves

or any other such variety

32

Slate

33

Carbon nanotubes

34

Glass microspheres

35

Thermoplastic olefin

36

Asbestos

37

Linoleum

38

Wood flour

39

Stucco

40

Cob

Used in such applications as electrical

insulation for hotplate wiring and in building
insulation.
It is a floor covering made from renewable
materials.
It is the main ingredient in wood/plastic
composite building products such as decks and
roofs.
Used to cover less visually appealing
construction materials such as concrete, cinder
block, or clay brick and adobe.
Used to create artistic, sculptural forms

41

Animal or plant fiber

To give additional strength

42

Stone slab

For flooring

43

Asbestos cement sheet

44

Sheet Glass

Used in making roofs, canals, drain

pipes,etc.
Used in glass houses, skylights and roofs as
an alternate building material and also for
aesthetic purposes.

45

Metakaolin
It is a puzzolanic material and used in
Fibercement and ferrocement products, Glass

46

Rice husk ash

47

Engineered Cementitious
Composite (ECC)

48

Brush

49

Mud

50

Foam

51

Gypcrete

52

Building papers and membranes

53

Cordwood

54

Rammed earth

55

Paper Crete

56

Sawdust

57

Earth bags

58

ACC( Autoclaved Aerated

Concrete)

fiber reinforced concrete and mortar.

Rice husk ash is used in the production
of Portland cement. It is a naturally available
puzzolanic material.
It is a polymer type of concrete known for
its bending capabilities and thus, is used
mostly in dams and other water retaining
structures.
It gives the structure more thermal mass and
strength, used in non-load bearing walls
between the timber frames
Clay based buildings
Used as part of a structural insulated panel,
wherein the foam is sandwiched between wood
or cement or insulating concrete forms.
Used especially for ceilings
Used as an underlayment in exterior walls,
roofs, and floors and for protecting a jobsite
during construction
Can build an entire building with just cordwood
or use stones to fill in the walls
To form a durable wall packing
Buildings utilizing paper Crete are very wellinsulated as well as being termite- and fireresistant.
Walls turn out surprisingly sturdy and
effectively recycle any trees that may need to
be excavated from the building area
These are earth filled bags used in making
military hovels and bunkers.
Claimed to be the most innovative
material, this type of concrete offers pest

59

Aerogel

60

Sweating rooftops

61

Spider silk

62

Graphene

63

Sea weed

64

3D Printing

65

Empty discarded bottles

66

Car tires

67

Bling crete or Light Reflecting

Concrete

68

SIPs ( Structured Insulated

Panels)

resistance too besides the usual concrete

properties.
Designed by NASA, it offers tremendous
insulation against heat and is also one of
the lightest materials. Its commercial name
is Thermoblock.
This is quite a new concept in the world of
construction materials. This kind of
rooftops actually absorbs rainwater and
sweats it out thereby, cooling the interior
of the building.
Though still not fully developed, this
concept incorporates the science and
chemistry of spider silk in the development
of incredibly strong fibers for the future.
It is a thin sheet of carbon that is
exceptionally strong despite its
dimensions. Although currently use mostly
in computers and such, its potential in the
construction world cannot be ignored.
Sea weed collected in large volumes and
made into balls can actually serve as good
insulators against harmful environmental
conditions.
This technology uses construction wastes
to print ready-made building units.
These seemingly useless pieces of junk can
actually be used to build entire huts simply
by stacking them on top of each other
using some binding material.
These can either be stacked on top of each
other for walling purposes or can be melted
and then molded into desirable shapes for
other building purposes.
Besides providing the properties of
concrete, this new type of concrete has the
exceptional ability of reflecting incoming
rays of light. It has high design potential
These are used in making prefabricated
housing structures.