Materials needed:

plastic folder or acetate

permanent marker pen
ruler or tape measure
pair of scissors
cutter
juice drink straw
hot melt glue or super glue (cyanoacrylate adhesive)
masking tape
thread
5-10 pcs paper clips
2 1.5-Liter plastic bottle
1 push pin
3-inch nail
2 3-Liter ice cream container
2-Liter bottled tap water supply
hand towel or rag
funnel
activity sheet / science notebook
Safety Precautions:
Danger of injury from the pair of scissors and cutter.
Danger of eye or skin injury from glue
Use of water container for collecting water.
Use of towel or rag to dry off wet surfaces.
Follow all safety lab rules

Procedure:
A. Construction of the Turbine Model
1. Prepare 8 blades for the turbine. Cut 2 inch by 1 inch strips of plastic folder or acetate.
Shape it any way you want. (you can also use the other half of the bottle for making
the blades.)

2. Glue the blades to the middle of the straw similar to the sample in Fig. 6 b). The straw will serve as
the shaft of the turbine.

3. Make a turbine holder using one of the plastic bottles. Use a push pin then a 3-in nail to make holes
at a 10-cm height to hold the straw. Ensure that the turbine can rotate freely. If needed, make some
plastic stopper to hold the turbine in place.

4. Tie a meter-long thread around the turbine shaft (straw). Secure the knot to the shaft with a tape.
Loop the hanging end of the string and hook the paper clips on it.
5. Without needing other additional materials, try the methods you can right away do. This will also
help you test the functionality and durability of your turbine model.
6. Reinforce the turbine holder or strengthen the blades with melted hot glue if needed. Adding the
watery super glue may just loosen the already set bond between the blades and the straw.
7. Remove the string and the paper clips from the straw to have the turbine model ready for the
Hydropower activity.
B. Water Reservoir Model Construction
1. From the bottom of the bottle, measure and mark with dots the 5-cm, 10-cm, 15-cm, and 20-cm
spots. These dots should lie along the same vertical line and would be the exit points. Across these,
make horizontal lines as tail water levels, ht.
2. Marked lines may be made using thin strips of masking tape then labeled. It is best to fill the bottle
first with water up to the different levels so the marks will follow the water lines.

3. Use the push pin to make a hole on each dot. Then put masking tape over each hole. Fold the top
as flap for pulling.
4. Make another horizontal line 5 centimeters above the 20-cm hole and mark as the head water level,
hw of the stored water.