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Setting up my Raspberry Pi and a Logitech

C270 webcam
Categories:
OpenCV, Raspberry
by Yusro
February 24, 2013

From : http://www.bluemoonblog.co.uk/
Im planning to do some high altitude photography with my Raspberry Pi, webcam, and GPS
soon. (but thats another story) And remembering the nightmare I had setting up my Raspberry Pi
and C270 Logitech webcam, I thought it was about time I shared how I did it.
These instructions are very simple an should hopefully save you some trial and error.
Importantly, thanks must go to Insipid Ramblings and Hexxeh for their information and work
that helped me get this far.
Im using Raspbian Wheezy Distro (2013-02-09), so if youre using another Linux OS, your
results may vary depending on what version you use. However, I am assuming that you have
already installed a Raspbian image, and can successfully boot to the desktop. So plug in your
C270 Logitech webcam, and well get started.
1. Add UVC support to the image
Download and run rpi-update as described here. This will update your image to include the
initially-missing UVC support. Reboot as suggested.
2. Update your packages
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
3. Install the guvcview webcam viewer
sudo apt-get install guvcview
4. Set up your permissions and enable the driver

sudo usermod -a -G video pi


sudo modprobe uvcvideo
Reboot the Raspberry Pi.
5. To view the webcam image just run guvcview
There are a few things to keep in mind, the webcam must be connected before powering up the
Raspberry Pi. If not you need to run sudo rmmod uvcvideo and sudo modprobe uvcvideo before
it will work.
Hopefully this how-to helps you out and if you have more luck than I using a mouse and/or
higher resolutions please let me know in the comments.

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April 1, 2013 -- Basic Image Processing on Raspberry Pi


From : http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/ Image Pi...

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Raspberry Pi Webcam streaming 54


This entry was posted in Raspberry Pi and tagged C270 Creative fswebcam HowTo

Logitech mjpg mjpg-streamer mjpg_streamer motion Raspbian RPi Stream


Surveillance TImelapse Tutorial VF0260 Webcam on September 26, 2012 by SLB

Now its time to make my old Creative Live! Cam Vista IM (VF0260) Webcam work
on the RasPi, I also tried a new Logitech C270 HD Webcam and they both work
flawlessly out of the box.
I have tried three softwares for the webcam, which I previously tested on my desktop
machine running Fedora and I wanted to try them also on the Pi. These are:

fswebcam

motion

mjpeg-streamer

Lets now have a look at them.


Note: Since some kernel updates, its required to boot the system with a kernel
parameter that lets the webcam work again instead of taking just black pictures. Thanks
to WebS1821 for this precious insight!
Proceed by editing the kernel parameters file:
# nano /boot/cmdline.txt

and append:

dwc_otg.fiq_split_enable=0

Dont forget to reboot after adding the parameter.

fswebcam:
fswebcam is the simplest and easiest way to have your webcam capture single
frames, also programmatically at a specified timer interval. Of course its also
possible to call fswebcam from a bash script anytime its required, but this is
another story.
To install fswebcam simply run:
# apt-get install fswebcam

One of the nice features of fswebcam is that its possible to add a footer to the
capture, where you can specify your text of choice.
For instance, this is the command I ran fswebcam with:
$ fswebcam -r 640x480 -S 15 --flip h --jpeg 95 --shadow --title "SLB Labs" --subtitle "Home" --info
"Monitor: Active @ 1 fpm" --save home.jpg -q -l 60

switches:
-r: frame resolution width*height
-S: numbers of frame to skip for the webcam to capture a stable and well illuminated
frame
--flip: frame flipping, in this case horizontal
--jpeg: jpeg compression quality
--shadow: adds a drop shadow to the footer text
--title, --subtitle, --info: different fields of the footer text
--save: path and file name where to saved the frame to
-q: leaves the process running in background
-l: takes a snapshoot every specified number of seconds
Many more options are described in the man pages of fswebcam
$ man fswebcam

This is the output frame sample given by the previous command:

Okay, this wasnt exactly streaming, so lets get into more serious stuff.

motion:
motion is a rather complete surveillance system with no fancy stuff and straight to
the point, yet very customizable. Among what it can do, it is capable of motion
detection, frame recording, video recording, timelapse.
Its installation is as simple as usual:
# apt-get install motion

It comes with a plain web configuration interface, but first of all we need to specify
which port motion will run on. Lets now edit its configuration file:
# nano /etc/motion/motion.conf

and look for the settings webcontrol_port (default 8080) and stream_port (default 8081),
which refers to the web configuration interface and the streaming port, respectively.
Change them as needed or simply get aware of their default values.
To start motion run:

# motion

You can now access to the web configuration interface by pointing your browser to:
http://RPI-IP:webcontrol_port

where RPI-IP is the local IP address of your RasPi and webcontrol_port is the same port
set in the config file.
That said, its now possible to browse all the available settings.
Some of them that are worth a mention are:
width and height: frame dimensions, camera dependent
framerate: maximum number of frames to be captured per second
threshold: number of pixels in the image that must change to trigger the motion
detection
quality: compression level for frame capture
ffmpeg_timelapse: number of seconds between which to take a frame shoot for
timelapse recording
ffmpeg_bps: constant bitrate for video encoding (ignored for timelapses)
ffmpeg_variable_bitrate: variable bitrate for video encoding (using a variable bitrate is
the only way to get decent timelapse videos, this setting is used for both video
motion recording and timelapses)
and of course the different images/video/timelapses paths where to save the
captures to are among the settings you might want to customize.
Another important feature of motion is that its possible to execute any particular
command anytime an event starts and/or a picture is captured, this is achieved by
the setting on_event_start and on_picture_save.
For instance its possible to send an email and upload the saved picture to an ftp
server by setting on_event_start and on_picture_save as follows:
on_event_start sendmail -f YOURFROMEMAIL@gmail.com -t YOURTOEMAIL@gmail.com
-u \"SUBJECT\" -m \"Movement has been detected on: %d %m %Y. The time of the movement was:
%H:%M (Hour:Minute). The Pictures have been uploaded to your FTP account.\" -s
smtp.gmail.com:25 -xu YOURGMAIL@gmail.com -xp YOURGMAILPASSWORD
on_picture_save wput ftp://USERNAME:PASSWORD@YOUTFTP.COM %f

Like said above, the video stream will be available pointing the browser here:
http://RPI-IP:stream_port

mjpeg-streamer:

Another streaming software that I tried was mjpeg-streamer, which is not as features
complete as motion, but it is perfect if you just need a video stream. It also provides
a web interface to display the stream. I couldnt find a binary version of mjpegstreamer for arm processor, so I had to compile it myself as follows.
First off we need mjpg-streamer source code from > here < and save it in your
folder of choice. I usually save and extract the source packages under /usr/local/src.
Position yourself whichever folder the archive has been saved into, and extract the
archive with the command:
# tar xvzf mjpg-streamer-r63.tar.gz

In order to compile mjpg-streamer, we need the libjpeg8-dev libraries, so lets install


them first:
# apt-get install libjpeg8-dev

I also needed to create a symbolic link of one header file which, to me, resulted
missing:
# ln -s /usr/include/linux/videodev2.h /usr/include/linux/videodev.h

Now everything should be set to proceed with the compilation process. Switch to
mjpg-streamer newly created folder and compile it with:
# cd mjpg-streamer-r63
# CFLAGS+="-O2 -march=armv6 -mfpu=vfp -mfloat-abi=hard" make

And thats it. To run mpjg-streamer type the following command:


$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=.
$ ./mjpg_streamer -i './input_uvc.so -d /dev/video0 -r 640x480 -f 15' -o './output_http.so -w ./www
-p 8080'

switches:
-i: configure the input section
-d: device selection, in case of multiple webcams
-r: frame resolution width*height
-f: frame per seconds
-o: configure the output section
-w: website folder
-p: port

Its now possible to get access to the web interface at the address:
http://RPI-IP:8080

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About SLB
Computer Science Engineer. I'm @slabua pretty much everywhere. Feel free to check
my Google+ profile for more infos: http://plus.google.com/+SalvatoreLaBua
View all posts by SLB

Astroland
Extreme Urban Astronomy In The Netherlands

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ScopeHunter

Using the Raspberry Pi for camera surveillance using Motion


and cloud storage
Posted on November 19, 2012 by Astroland

February, 16th 2014


A fully updated post using BoxFS2 with oauth2 authentication.
The previous version of this post used an old version of BoxFS which is now
obsolete because Box.com changed their API.
If you are looking for a cheap camera surveillance setup, the Raspberry Pi is a great solution.
It is small, easy to install and, most important, has low energy usage.

I own Model B (see the Raspberry Pi Wikipedia page for detail about the models) which uses 3.5
Watts.
There are several open source motion detection applications for Linux such as ZoneMinder and
Motion.
Both programs are available through the Rasbian repository.
ZoneMinder looks like a real security control center with all those nice cam screens, but its too
bloated and too CPU heavy for the Raspberry Pi.
Motion is more lightweight and doesnt stress the CPU too much when processing 320200
camera data.
With 2 IP cameras my average load is less than 0.50 on my RasPi, which also serves as an
caching DNS server.
For storage of the AVI video files which contain the captured motion frames, I use a free
Box.com account.
Box.com provides the same service as the popular Dropbox.
The reason for choosing Box.com is because Dropbox has no open source client. The Dropbox
Linux client is closed source and has, at the moment, no support for ARM devices like the
Raspberry Pi.
Furthermore the free Box.com account gives you 10 GB of free storage. Way enough to store
home camera data for a couple of months.
BoxFS2 is the weapon of choice to mount your Box.com account as a drive partition on your
Raspberry Pi.
Some basic Linux knowledge is preferred.
Setting up BoxFS2
First, read the README file on the BoxFS2 site carefully for the needed dependencies
Install the needed libraries from the command prompt:
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libfuse-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev

Besides some libraries from the Raspbian repository, youll also need libapp and libjson.
Get the latest commits from boxfs2, libapp and libjson:

git clone https://github.com/drotiro/boxfs2.git


git clone https://github.com/drotiro/libapp.git
git clone https://github.com/vincenthz/libjson.git

Compile libapp first, then libjson and boxfs2 last using make and sudo make install.
After installing make sure you run the command ldconfig to update links to the libraries for the
operating system.
Forgetting this might give you some error messages about not found libraries.
The BoxFS2 binary will be installed in /usr/local/bin.
Creating a BoxFS2 config file
With the command boxfs-init you can create a config file for BoxFS2.
The configuration file will be placed in the directory .boxfs2.
Open an editor and the configuration file would look something like this:
# Conf file for boxfs
# edit to fit your needs.
# Put oauth2 tokens here:
token_file = /home/pi/.boxfs/token

# Set a valid mount point


mountpoint = /home/pi/box.com
verbose = no
largefiles = no
# Configure the cache
cache_dir = /home/pi/.boxfs/cache
expire_time = 1440
# Configure your uid and gid below:
uid = 1000
gid = 1000
fperm = 644

dperm = 755

The mountpoint must be provided in either way. This can be an empty directory called /motion
for example.
Also check the user id (uid) and the group id (gid) of the user you are using.
You can check this in the passwd file which is located in /etc.
In my case Im using user pi which has user id 1000 and group id 1000.
To let Boxfs2 run as a non-root user you have to add your user to the fuse group:
sudo gpasswd -a fuse

If you wont do this, the following error message will be shown:


fuse: failed to open /dev/fuse: Permission denied

Also the execute bit of the fusermount binary should be set:


sudo chmod +x /bin/fusermount

Forgetting this will cause mounting to fail with this error message:
fuse: failed to exec fusermount: Permission denied

Mounting your Box.com account using BoxFS


To start the BoxFS2 client, simply run this command from the home directory of your Box.com
user:
boxfs -f .boxfs/boxfs.cfg
The first time you run boxfs, you will need to complete the authentication (oauth2) process and
grant access to your box.com account. Its easy, just follow the instructions on the terminal and
on your browser.
When the mount is successful, set the right permissions with the command chmod -r 755
<mountpoint>.

To check if everything is doing what it should be doing, go to your BoxFS mount point and try to
create or copy some files.
For debugging I recommend to be logged in to your Box.com account with your browser to see if
things are actually written in to the cloud storage.
Installing and configuring Motion
To install Motion just run this command:
sudo apt-get install motion

Be sure that your cameras and/or webcams output a 320200 (or 240) image and Motion is
configured with the same resolution.
Ive tried a resolution like 640400 pixels, but the CPU load went sky high on the RasPi, so Ive
settled for a lower resolution.
The images generated by my cameras are quite clear and useful, so Im happy.
I have no experience over clocking the Pi in combination with Motion, but if you do, please share
your findings in the comments.
Same goes for solving the above resolution problem
Further configuring Motion is something you have to do on your own.
The on line manual is quite clear about the numerous settings which can be done.
Mailing an image snapshot or a simple message when motion is detected is just one of the many
possibilities.
Oh, and dont forget to set the path to your BoxFS2 mount point to store your videos
When youve got an mobile device, you can use the Box.com app to download an AVI file and
watch it using a movie player which supports the file format.
Great when youre on holiday for example, and want to know whats going on at home.
And all of this without tampering your firewall, keeping your home network closed and secure.
I hope this post helps you to set up your own budget camera surveillance system.
For less than 180 euro (thats 2 decent IP cameras and a RasPi) youre all set to go.
This entry was posted in Raspberry Pi and tagged cloud storage, motion detection, raspberry pi. Bookmark the
permalink.

The Registax 6 initialize error


Lichtvervuiling in Utrecht

28 Responses to Using the Raspberry Pi for camera surveillance


using Motion and cloud storage
1.

Visperas says:
November 28, 2012 at 13:42

Hi, thanks for the article.


One question, how to configure the system on and off?. Whe you leave home and arrive
Thanks
Reply

2.

Astroland says:
November 28, 2012 at 20:42

Hi Visperas,
On the Motion website you can read about the built in http interface:
http://www.lavrsen.dk/foswiki/bin/view/Motion/RemoteControlHttp
With a simple call from a browser, you can set (for example) motion detection on or off.
So when youre about to leave the house you call a bookmarked webpage on your smartphone to
start motion detection.
Reply

3.

Francesco Marti says:


December 3, 2012 at 19:05

Hi Astroland! Thanks very much.its all i need!


its only a few months that I use linux and raspberry. But already fascinated
I mounted the webcam on debiam wheezy and all is ok .on the local memory.
Please, .could you make a step by step tutorial for setup boxfs. I do not know where to begin: i
dont know how compile libeappand create config file.
Thanks
Reply

Shotca says:

February 20, 2013 at 23:23

Its all here: http://code.google.com/p/boxfs/wiki/Compiling. See also the comment by skou


@gmail.com.
Reply

4.

Don Robertito says:


January 21, 2013 at 15:52

Hi!
Thank you for this tutorial, it was very helpful to me, but the my main project is not exactly this.
And this is why Im asking you:
How can you access the mounted boxfs directory on vnc without root permissions on GUI?
Thanks: Robert
Reply

Astroland says:

January 22, 2013 at 21:51

Hello Robert

Why dont you connect using ssh?


I dont understand why you should connect a directory using a remote desktop utility.
Reply

5.

Jim says:
February 22, 2013 at 22:43

Thanks, this looks like what I need. Im planning on using an older android phone (wifi only) as
a IP camera. I tried this setup with zoneminder but performance on the pi was very poor. Im
goning to try a few more tweaks in before I give up and try motion instead. But this is good info
and I didnt think of using boxFS.
Reply

6.

Antonio Pilla says:


March 26, 2013 at 00:08

Hi astroland, thanks for the tutorial. A question: why if I contact the webcam at
http://ipwebcam:8081 I dont see the but receive a poup with do you want to save this file, or
find a program online to open it?
Thanks in advance
Reply

Astroland says:

March 26, 2013 at 09:53

Hi Antonio,
The Motion webserver outputs an MJPEG (Motion JPEG) video stream.
Looking at the message you get, you are using Internet Explorer which does not support
MJPEG. Therefor it asks to use a program which can display a MJPEG stream.
Firefox, Chrome, Opera and Safari support MJPEG without installing any extra programs.
On the Motion website you can find some other solutions to display a MJPEG stream if you want

to stick with Internet Explorer:


http://www.lavrsen.dk/foswiki/bin/view/Motion/WebcamServer
Reply

Antonio Pilla says:

March 27, 2013 at 23:22

Thanks very much


Reply

7.

Rich says:
April 3, 2013 at 11:52

Thanks for the article, Astroland. Ive been trying to set Motion up on my Pi for a few weeks
now, and have got it to work initially but it invariably terminates after about 5-10 minutes. Ive
tried low resolutions, have moved the camera (Logitech C270 bought especially because it said
supported on the R-Pi compatibility list) to a powered USB hub.
The best Ive managed so far is a tiny 176144 image size (I was hoping to use at least 640480,
and the camera says it supports 1280960 at 30fps with MJPEG/MJPG pixel format) and it
stayed up for 30 minutes before crashing out with some watchdog timeout error and a nongraceful restart:

Apr 1 21:51:28 raspberrypi motion: [1] Started stream webcam server in port 8081
Apr 1 22:20:17 raspberrypi motion: [0] Thread 1 - Watchdog timeout, trying to do a graceful
restart
Apr 1 22:20:17 raspberrypi motion: [0] httpd Closing
Apr 1 22:20:17 raspberrypi motion: [0] httpd thread exit
Apr 1 22:21:17 raspberrypi motion: [0] Thread 1 - Watchdog timeout, did NOT restart
graceful,killing it!
Apr 1 22:21:17 raspberrypi motion: [0] Calling vid_close() from motion_cleanup
Apr 1 22:21:17 raspberrypi motion: [0] Closing video device /dev/video0

Any ideas how I can get this working continuously? Im using Linux raspberrypi 3.6.11+ #397
PREEMPT if thats any use, and Ive done update/upgrade?
Reply

Astroland says:

April 3, 2013 at 19:41

This seems to be a specific Logitech problem in combination with the Pi running Motion.
I did some googling and found on the Raspberry Pi forum users with a similar problem youre
having.
If you scroll all the way down in that thread, you can read some solutions/workarounds given by
forum users ahynes1 and johnsonfamily38.
You have to fiddle around with the palette MJPEG is using.
Dont know if it works but it is worth a try.
Reply

Rich says:

April 9, 2013 at 16:04

Hi Astroland thanks for your reply.


My camera wont work with motion if I pick MJPEG as the palette so Im using YUYV at the
moment. To hack it to work at the moment Im using 320240 resolution with about 2 frames a
second if Im lucky.
Ive written a script (based on this: http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/12075/best-wayto-follow-a-log-and-execute-a-command-when-some-text-appears-in-the-log) that monitors
/var/log/user.log and when it sees the watchdog timer giving up it restarts the motion service.
This seems to keep things working (although Ill have blind spots during restarts, of course), and
it seems to be restarting between every 1020 minutes on my Pi. Not ideal but at least it sort of
works. Apparently the USB people at Raspberry Pi are working on the USB drivers so maybe
some improvements will come along (although at the moment, rpi-update bricks my SD cards
each time and the file rename trick doesnt seem to fix it so I end up having to re-image the SD
card each time I try it, so I cant try any of the latest updates.)

I was assuming/hoping all this would basically just work by now on Linux so its all rather
disappointing when these cameras work flawlessly at 30fps without crashes on Windows 8-(
Reply

8.

Ben says:
May 29, 2013 at 18:01

Hi Astroland, Thanks for the article. I have compiled and installed boxfs on my pi. And I am able
to mount my directory to box using
boxfs -u name@mail.com -U 1000 -G 1000 -F 644 -D 755 -v /home/motion.
The problem is that I am not able to write to /home/motion using my pi user after it is
mounted. And I can only create a new file in /home/motion as root.
drwxr-xr-x 2 motion motion 0 Jan 1 1970 motion
Any ideas? Many thanks.
Reply

Astroland says:

May 30, 2013 at 11:31

Hi Ben
I see your /home/motion directory has the owner motion and the group motion.
Your boxfs command line uses user id 1000 and group id 1000. These belong to the user pi.
Try to find the correct user id and group id for the user motion in /etc/passwd and use these in
the boxfs commandline.
Hope this helps.
Reply

Ben says:

May 30, 2013 at 17:48

Hello Astroland,
Thanks for the reply. The problem is that only the root user is only to write to the directory after
boxfs mounted. Thanks.
Reply

Astroland says:

May 30, 2013 at 19:32

Hi Ben
Yes, I understand your problem.
Have you tried the possible solution in my previous reply?
In your boxfs commandline you use the uid and gid of user pi while you want to write as user
motion.
Thats giving you the problem.
User root can read/write (almost) everywhere on a filesystem, so thats understandable in your
situation.
Reply

Ben says:

June 4, 2013 at 14:57

Hi Astroland,
Thanks and I have tried that and it is writing now. But unfortunately, I have a new issue SD
card I/o error. Cheers.

9.

Matolok says:
November 6, 2013 at 06:19

Applying UID and GID of user motion to boxfs mounting options not helping.
User motion is not even able to browse mount point.
Compiled rev 95 from SVN.

Reply

Astroland says:

November 6, 2013 at 16:55

Have tried chown-ing the mountpoint before mounting?


$ sudo chown motion:motion /motion
Reply

10.

Matolok says:
November 7, 2013 at 03:23

Yes, I did that. Notice time stamp on directory is wrong:


as root:
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 19 14:38 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 motion motion 8 Dec 31 1969 motion
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Oct 4 22:32 opt
as user motion ( had to give him /bin/sh instead of /bin/false in order to test ):
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 19 14:38 mnt
d????????? ? ? ? ? ? motion
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Oct 4 22:32 opt
Reply

11.

No Name says:
December 19, 2013 at 17:18

BoxFS has been updated to BoxFS2 and moved to GitHub


https://github.com/drotiro/boxfs2

It not longer uses the old and depreciated v1 openbox api


Reply

12.

Brian says:
December 22, 2013 at 15:09

FWIW, Im having the Exact same issues as Matolok. Ive also tried (and failed) all solutions
offered here. The only thing I notice is that when BoxFS is loaded, its root-only access.
I did a sloppy fix of just running a cronjob to move files as they appear from where motion
outputs to the boxfs directory which is working well enough. Im a fan of K.I.S.S. though, so its
slightly irritating.
Thanks for the blog entry, it has helped me.
Reply

Astroland says:

December 24, 2013 at 16:52

I will do a revision of this blog entry soon(ish).


In the mean time BoxFS has been updated to BoxFS2 which uses a new API and makes BoxFS
(version 1) useless any day now.
As an alternative to BoxFS, you can also try davfs2. With davfs2 you also mount to your box.com
account using box.coms DAV interface at https://dav.box.com/dav/.
davfs2 is in the apt repository, so you can install it with apt-get install davfs2.
A proper explaination will be in the mentioned revision but you can also do some research
before I post that revised article
Reply

13.

Ed says:
January 2, 2014 at 14:27

any luck with Pi Noir ? I would like to stack drift-scan images with this imager.
Word has it one could use the raw format, and go beyond 10 seconds of imaging. Not sure if the
over 10sec. treshold could be used but I do not plan high magnifications anyway.
Reply

14.

awosome says:
February 5, 2014 at 13:57

would this camera work? http://www.wanscam.com/component/zoo/item/indoor-wirelessp2p-wifi-ip-camera-mini.html?category_id=2


Reply

Astroland says:

February 6, 2014 at 14:13

It seems like Wanscam IP cameras are rebranded Foscam cameras.


Foscam cameras have proven to work with Motion:
http://www.lavrsen.dk/foswiki/bin/view/Motion/WorkingDevices#Foscam
Also the Wanscam camera supports MJPEG (Motion JPEG) according to the product page, so a
big chance it works but dont pin me down on that
Reply

15.

Jose Brandao says:


October 31, 2014 at 03:08

Thank you for this tutorial,.. and is up-to-date Tx dude


Reply

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