TANQUES DE ALMACENAMIENTO

Tipo de tanques de almacenamiento de HC

1.- Tanques verticales
Minimizan prdidas por evaporacin al exterior y reduce el dao al medio ambiente
el riesgo de formacin de mezclas explosivas en las cercanas del tanque.
Es un techo autoportante, es decir, no necesita columnas que lo sostenga. Esto evita el
tener que perforar la membrana.
Se construye en aluminio, lo cual lo hace ms liviano.
Se construyen en el suelo y se montan armados mediante una gra, evitando trabajos
riesgosos en altura.
2.- Tanques flotantes plegables
Han sido desarrollados para el almacenamiento de hidrocarburos recuperados por
embarcaciones anti polucin que no disponen de tanques propios o cuya capacidad es
insuficiente. Pueden ser remolcados llenos o vacos a velocidades de hasta 7 nudos
en funcin del estado del mar. Gracias a sus conexiones rpidas ASTM es posible unir
varios tanques para su remolque o fondeo conjunto.
Estn fabricados de una gruesa plancha de caucho Neopreno reforzado con 4 capas
interiores de tejido de polister, un material extraordinariamente resistente a la abrasin y
a la perforacin. Su recubrimiento de caucho Hypalon los hace especialmente resistentes
a los hidrocarburos y a los agentes atmosfricos (rayos ultravioleta, ozono, salitre)
3.- Esferas
se construyen en gajos utilizando chapas de acero. Se sostienen mediante columnas que
deben ser calculadas para soportar el peso de la esfera durante la prueba hidrulica
(pandeo)
4.-Horizontales
Los recipientes horizontales (cigarros) se emplean hasta un determinado volumen de
capacidad.
Para recipientes mayores, se utilizan las esferas. Los casquetes de los cigarros son
toriesfricos, semielpticos

Types of storage tanks

1.- Vertical Tanks-floating roof
Minimize evaporation losses abroad and reduces damage to the environment, the
risk of formation of explosive mixtures in the vicinity of the tank.
It is a self-supporting roof, no need columns to support it. This avoids having to
pierce the membrane
The tanks are made of aluminum, which makes it lighter. Are built on the ground
and mounted with a crane.

2. - Folding floating tanks-(Ro-tank)

Developed for boats that do not have their own, or tanks do not have space
enough for the hydrocarbons recovered.
They can be full or empty towed at speeds up to 7 knots depending on sea state
They are made of a thick neoprene rubber sheet reinforced with 4 inner layers of
polyester.
Resistant to abrasion, drilling, hydrocarbons and atmospheric agents.

3.- Sphere
Are built into wedges, using steel plates Are supported by columns that must be
calculated to withstand the weight of the sphere during the hydraulic test (buckling
)

4. - Horizontal
The horizontal tanks, also called cigars are used to a certain amount of capacity.
For bigger capacities, the spheres are used. Caps cigars are torispherical , semielliptic

Safety Standards Hydrocarbon Storage tanks statement.

The storage of fuels correctly helps the losses can be reduced, but not eliminated, by
the characteristics of petroleum products features.

Storage is an element of great value in the exploitation of hydrocarbons services

because:
Acts as a lung between production and transport to absorb variations of consumption.
Allows water sedimentation and sludge oil prior to shipping by pipeline or distillation.
Provide operational flexibility refineries.
Act as a point of reference in measuring product shipments, and are the only
currently approved by customs.

One of the greatest weight loss mayor are those produced by temperature change;
painting of tanks has a great influence for these variations.
Usually the storage tanks are black as oil will take less to heat and arrive faster at the
desired temperature.
Very important aspects are also discussed to consider to operate oil tanks, because
they reach significant heights, are exposed to the rays of thunderstorms and product
contents (fuel) are flammable and can cause accidents. However, there is a defined
number of safety rules which must be followed carefully to avoid serious injury or
death, as well as to avoid property damage and loss of production.