SAPUI5 is a state-of-the-art client-side rendering framework that:

... provides RIA-style AJAX features

... supports the SAP product standards
... offers an extensibility concept
... allows theming and customer branding
... comes with a rich set of controls for building desktop as well as mobile applications
... introduces controls that work on all form factors
... provides a lightweight model-view-controller (MVC) concept, componentization and data
binding
... has out-of-the-box support for the OData protocol
... implements advanced caching and resource handling mechanisms
... allows on-the-fly creation of new controls
... provides an Eclipse based design environment for development of SAPUI5 applications
... is release independent with very few dependencies to other components
SAPUI5 supports application developers in creating fast and easy User Interface Applications
based on HTML5 and JavaScript
SAPUI5 is a framework and a series of libraries that front-end developers can use to build
compelling, non-clunky (but still SAP-focused) genuine HTML5-based applications. It's a
framework that embraces (well, includes, actually) the ever popular jQuery, and has more UI
controls than you can shake a stick at. It has a core UI layout called the "Shell" which is an
implementation of what we might traditionally call a dynpro frame, a sort of meta-component
which is as good-looking as it is flexible and adaptable.
SAPUI5 is considered a viable UI technology in any scenarios irrespective
of levels of usage or reach (although clearly Fiori apps currently target the
higher usage or reach scenarios).

Whats the UI development toolkit for HTML5 also known as

SAPUI5?
It is SAP's HTML5 toolkit for quickly building lightweight business UIs on
multiple platforms. It provides a new enterprise-read y HTML5 rendering
library for client -side UI rendering and programming by combining the
advantages of being open and flexible as well as being enterprise ready
supporting all SAP product standards. While Web Dynpro is best suited to
heavyweight transaction al applications for expert usage, SAPUI5 is
designed for building lightweight consumer -grade UIs for casual usage. It
targets developers at SAP and customers with web development skills
(HTML, CSS3, JavaScript).
SAPUI5 provides extensible controls and powerful theming but it is easy to
consume, based on open standards and integrates with 3rd-party
JavaScript libraries like JQuery. SAPUI5 applications run on a wide range of
devices (smartphone, tablet, desktop) and on multiple server platforms,
like SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP or Java, SAP NetWeaver Cloud or Sybase
Unwired Platform.

The UI development toolkit for HTML5 (SAPUI5) is a library and a framework, which is
designed to enable developers to easily create and extend state-of-the-art user interfaces.
SAPUI5 is based on HTML5 and bases on the jQuery library. It supports CSS3, which allows
you to adapt themes to your company's branding in an effective manner. SAPUI5 is Open
AJAX-compliant and can be used together with other standard JavaScript libraries. The
client-side rendering library provides a rich set of controls. You can extend the existing
controls, or develop new custom controls.
The UI development tools are part of SAPUI5. They are a set of eclipse-based tools and
editors, which support you in developing applications. Wizards help you to create application
projects and views according to the model view controller concept. It also provides additional
features, such as JavaScript code completion and the In-place application preview. The
SAPUI5 ABAP team provider functionality supports you in developing on an ABAP backend
system.
A Web application, which has been developed by using the SAPUI5 framework, can run on
the following platforms:

SAP NetWeaver ABAP Server

SAP NetWeaver Java Server

SAP NetWeaver Cloud

Open Source Java Application Server

Static Open Source Web Server