Section A

[60 marks]
Answer All questions in this section.
The time suggested to complete Section A is 90 minutes.
1. Figure 1 shows a graph of temperature againt time of subtance Z when it is
heated until it boils.

Figure 1
(a) state the physical state of Z at the region
(i)
PQ : _________________
(ii)
QR : _________________
(iii)
RS : _________________
(iv)
ST : _________________
(v)
TU : _________________
[3 marks]
(b) Describe the movement of the particles of the pure substance at stage PQ of
the curve ?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[2 mark]
(c) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of particles of the subtance at stage
QR in the box below.

[2 marks]
(d) What is the time when the Z begins to boil ?
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e) What is the melting point of Z ?
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f) Explain why the temperature of Z remains constant from time t 1 to t2 ?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(g) Sketch the graph obtained when molten Z is cooled from 460 0C to room
temperature.

[2 marks]
2.
Particle
V
W
X
Y
Z

Proton number
6
8
8
11
16

Nucleon number
12
16
18
23
32

Electron arrangement

Table 1
Table 1 shows the proton number and nucleon number of five particles represented
by the letters V, W, X, Y and Z.
(a) Write the electron arrangements of all the particles in Table 1.

[2 marks]
(b) What is the number of valence electrons in particle V?
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) Draw the atomic structure of particle Y.

[2 marks]
(d) State the number of electron shells in particles Z.
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e) Explain the meaning of nucleon number.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f) What is the number of neutrons in particle Y ?
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(g) (i) Explain the meaning of the term isotope
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii) State a pair of isotopes from the particles in Table 1.
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

3.

Figure 2
The figure 2 shown above is used to determine the empirical formula of lead oxide.
Lead oxide is reduced using hydrogen gas in the experiment.
[Relative atomic mass : O, 16; Pb, 207]
(a) State two precautions that must be taken when carrying out this experiment.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(b) How would you make sure that all the lead oxide has been reduced ?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) The table below shows the result of the experiment.
Mass of heating tube + asbestos paper
Mass of heating tube + asbestos paper + contents before heating
Mass of heating tube + asbestos paper + contents after heating

24.27 g
68.87 g
65.67 g

(i) Determine the empirical formula of lead oxide.

[2 marks]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reduction of lead oxide to lead.

______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) Write an equation for the burning of excess hydrogen gas at the end of the
heating tube.
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e) Can the empirical formula of magnesium oxide be determined using the same
arrangement of figure 2 as above ? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
4. Figure 3 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the
empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

Figure 3
Result :
Mass of crucible + lid
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide

24.0 g
26.4 g
28.0 g

(a) What is meant by empirical formula ?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(b) Based on the above results,

(i) calculate the mass of magnesium and the mass of oxygen that have
reacted.

[1 mark]
(ii) calculate the mole ratio of magnesium atoms to oxygen to atoms.
[Relative Atomic Mass : O, 16; Mg, 24]

[1 mark]
(iii) determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

[1 mark]
(iv) write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) Why was the crucible lid opened once in a while during the experiment ?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) Metal X is places below hydrogen in the reactivity series. You are required to
carry out an experiment to determine the empirical formula of the oxide of
metal X. The apparatus provided are combustion tube, glass tube, cork,
Bunsen burner, and porcelain dish.
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment.
[2 marks]

(ii) Describle the steps that should be taken to ensure that all the air in the
combustion tube has been expelled.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
5. Figure 4 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements. Q, R, T, X and Y do not
represent the actual symbol of the elements.

Figure 4
(a) Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Figure 4, answer the
following questions.
(i) Choose an element that is a halogen.
___________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Which element is monoatomic ?
___________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) Which elements forms an amphoteric oxide ?
___________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Arrange Q, R, T, X and Y according to the increase in size of the atoms.
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) Write the electron arrangement for an atom of element Q
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) Write the formula for the ion formed from an atom of element Y.
______________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
(e) Why are elements Q and R placed in the same period ?
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f) When a small piece of element T is put into water, TOH solution is formed and
hydrogen gas is released.
State one observation when red litmus paper is put into the solution.
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(g) State the common name of the elements between group 2 and group 13.
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

3. Figure 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Figure 2
Based on Figure 2, answer the following questions
(a) What is the element represented by the symbol Fe ?
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(b) In Figure 2, mark X in the boxes for all the transition elements.
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) Write the electron arrangement for the Mg and Al atoms.
Mg : ___________________ Al : ______________________
[2 mark]
(d) (i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between Magnesium and oxygen
gas.
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

Helium Gas
light
not reactive
colourless

Hydrogen Gas
light
flammable
colourless

(e) Based on the above informations, which gas is more suitable to be used in
meteorological ballons ?
Give one reason.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(f) What is the proton number of element O?.
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(g) State one element that are same group as element Helium.
________________________________________________________________
[1 marks]
(h) State the elements that are:
(i) Metal
__________________________________________________
(ii) Non metal __________________________________________________
[2 marks]

5
Section B
[20 marks]
Answer any one question

The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes.

7 (a) Compare the three physical states of matter in terms of particle arrangements,
forces of attraction between the particles, kinetic energy of the particles and
compressibility.
[9 marks]
(b) Using

16
8

O and

17
8

O as example, explain what is meant by the terms proton

number, nucleon number and isotopes.

[7 marks]
(c) (i) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between calcium
carbonate and hydrochloric acid.
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Given that the relative atomic mass of C=12, O=16, Ca=40 and the molar
volume of any gas is 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure.
[4 marks]

8. The relative atomic mass of four elements W, X, Y and Z are 23, 40, 35.5 and 16
respectively. Elements W and X are metals whereas elements Y and Z are nonmetals. [Avogadro constant = 6x10 23 mol-1]. Based on the above information,
answer the following question.
(a) What is meant by the relative atomic mass of an elements ?

[2 marks]

(b) If the molecule of element Y is diatomic, what is the mass of 3.0 x 10 23

molecules of Y ?
[2 marks]
(c) Calculate the number of atoms in
(i) 4.60 g of element W.
(ii) 8.00 g of element X.
(iii) 14.20 g of element Y

[2 marks]
[2 marks]
[2 marks]

(d) If the molecule of element Z is also diatomic, calculate the number of

molecules in
(i) 3.55 g of element Y.
[2 amrks]
(ii) 4.0 g od element Z.
[2 marks]
(h) What is the similarity between 40g of element X and 32g of element Z ?
[ 2marks]

(g) For each of the following, determine the empirical formula of the compaund
formed.
(i) 0.1 mole of the compound formed from W and Z has a mass of 6.2 g.
[2 marks]
(ii) 0.1 mole of the compound formed from X and Z has a mass of 7.20 g.
[2 marks]

Section C
[20 marks]
Answer any one question
The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes.

9. (a) With a suitable example, explain the following terms :

(i) Relative molecular mass
(ii) One mole of a subtance
(iii) Molar mass
(iv) Molecular formula
[8 marks]
(b) Group 1 elements are known as the alkali metals. Using lithium, sodium and
potassium as example, explain how to carry out an experiment to
determine the reactions of alkali metal with oxygen. State the precautions
that should be taken during experiment and write the observation and balance
chemical equations.
[12 marks]

10. (a) Explain why the reactivity of Group 17 elements descrease down the group.
[5 marks]
(b) Using a suitable period in the Periodic Table as an example, explain why the
electro-negativity of the elements increase across a period from left to right.
[5 marks]
(c) Using chlorine, bromine and iodine, explain how to carry out an experiment to
determine the reactions of halogens with iron wool. State the precautions
that should be taken during experiment and write the observation and balance
chemical equations.
[10 marks]