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Basement footprint
at 1.5m from site
boundary
Site
Boundary
Basement
footprint
Hoarding outside
site boundary
permitted
Superstructure
BUILDING EXAMPLE
Design Triangle
ideas
scheme
Full design
Brief
Hospital block
7.2 - 8m column grid
Stability
Core aspect ratio
- 1:7 1:12
Hospital block
8m column grid
Plan area 70m x 50m
5 storeys high
Stability
MJ
Loading?
Live Load?
General usage
3.0kN/m2
Partitions
1.0kN/m2
0.6kN/m2
Floor system?
Suitable systems?
RC flat slab
RC ribbed floor
Steel/concrete composite floor
Steel/precast composite floor
Depth?
300 680mm
Self weight?
3.5 - 7.2
Span/Depth Ratios
RC flat slab
24
RC ribbed slab
18
18
Steel beams
15
33
4.0kN/m2
17.0 kN/m2
Dead Load
Load Take-Down
Approximate LOAD TAKE DOWN:
ELEMENT
DEAD
LIVE
AREA
DEAD
LIVE
Roof
17
52
884
104
General floor
17
52
884
208
General floor
17
52
884
208
General floor
17
52
884
208
General floor
17
52
884
208
4420
936
Concrete Columns
Danish Method
Factor axial force to take account of moments from the beams of the floor
above
Edge columns
: Factor 1.25
Edge Column supports half the area, but has to take the effect of frame:
= 8000/2 x 1.25 = 5000kN
Scheming: Summary
We just had a quick look at scheming. The principles apply
to other systems
STABILITY
PROPORTIONS
ESTIMATE FORCES IN KEY ELEMENTS
APPROXIMATE STRESS CHECKS
DESIGN AIDS AND TABLES
Span/Depth Ratios
Steel beams
15-20
Steel girders
12-15
Space frames
20-24
Composite
20-25
Concrete floors
20-30
18-22
30 - 40
18:1
25:1
Foundation Design
20
21
22
23
24
Other Considerations
- Constructability
- Time and Cost
- Flexibility for Basement / Superstructure Design
- Matching with foundation type
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
36
37
38