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Friday, 5 April 2013

Throttling Process
hello friends,
Today i am going to explain the basic thermodynamics concept of throttling.
Throttling is a process in which the flow of fluid is restricted by closing the valve partially.
Now imagine their are students in a class room and as the bell rungs they started moving
out. Now if the door is opened partially then their will be clusters form by the students.
Similarly in flow of fluid their is restriction to flow. now as students form clusters they
pushing other students and in the same way fluid particles start rubbing with other
molecules and as a result friction is their and as we all know friction is one of the biggest
reason for any process to make it irreversible.
Hence it is clear that Throttling is irreversible.
EXAMPLES OF THROTTLING PROCESS
1. Flow through a partially opened valve as in IC engines
2. Flow through a very small opening e.g orice.
3. Flow through a porous plug.
Characteristics of Throttling
1. No Work Transfer
Explanation:
As we know their is work transfer in turbines due to very large pressure difference. but in
the case of throttling their is very low pressure differences so the work we get is very small
and this work is lost in overcoming friction. so here we generally neglect the work transfer.
2. No Heat Transfer
Explanation:
Lets see it with a example... imagine you open the freeze and took out your water bottle
and just within the fraction of seconds you put back that bottle, now what is the
temperature difference between the two states of the water bottle, it is approx. zero. It
means heat transfer needs some time , now what happened in throttling is that device
length is very small and the fluid is always pushed ahead due to the bulk coming and due
this their is not much time for the heat transfer. As we are considering the steady flow and
bulk is not accumulated in the device so heat transfer is also neglected.
3. Irreversible Process
4. Isenthalpic Process
Explanation:

The word ISENTHALPIC means same Enthalpy.

look we apply steady flow energy equation:

now neglecting potential energy changes and

heat transfer(q) and work transfer (w) are zero as the characteristics of throttling..
equation becomes:

now what we generally seen that practically velocities values (c1 and c2 ) are very very
small as compared to enthalpies values so c1 and c2 can be neglected and nally

hence the process is Isenthalpic.

KAMALJEET LAKHINA at 12:47 pm
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3 comments:

revanth11 September 2013 at 19:47

So nally I didn't get the jist of the concept. Just kindly clarify whether if there is flow of a gas through
an orice or partially opened valve,what changes would occur in temperature and pressure and how the
Joule-Thompson co-efcient related to this process?
Reply
Replies
priyansh7 March 2014 at 00:10
joule thomson effect is nothing but the throttling effect and only if the process is done below
inversion temperature then only temperature will decrease otherwise not.the reason is queit simple that
in overall process no energy transaction takes place so increase in potential energy result in decrement
of kinetic energy results in lowering down the temperature.
Reply
Retrospect27 February 2014 at 11:06
I think that your summary was self-explanatory and I enjoyed going through it. I also found a
link that could be useful for people who need to nd information on PSU jobs recruitment through GATE
exams: http://thegateacademy.com/psu-recruitment-through-gate/
Reply
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