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Ying-guang Fang
School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of
Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
e-mail: fangyg@scnu.edu.cn
Ren-guo Gu *
School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of
Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
e-mail: gugool@foxmail.com
Li-min Wu
Guangzhou City Construction College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641,
China
e-mail: 735644721@qq.com
ABSTRACT
In this paper, use the PLAXIS finite element program, through the calculation of a 6-storey
frame structure in different geological conditions, different foundation stiffness and
different groundwater conditions, to analyze the effects on structure seismic response of
three factors mentioned above which cannot be fully considered in the current seismic
design seismic, whereby some useful suggestions benefit to conceptual design and seismic
calculation has been obtained.
INTRODUCTION
The issues regarding combined action of superstructure and foundation is hot subject in
geotechnical engineering filed. For a long time, due to the limit of calculation methods,
superstructure and foundation are usually separated for calculation in actual engineering design.
In the current seismic design, the seismic influence coefficient of the building structure is
determined according to site (foundation) category, design earthquake grouping, seismic
intensity, structure natural frequency and damping ratio, which can determine the seismic force
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structure suffered, and then make the corresponding cross-sectional anti-seismic checking
calculation and anti-seismic deformation calculation, to determine safety performance of antiseismic capacity.
In the seismic design, soil is to be considered by the site classification and design response
spectrum. But in the actual process of earthquake action, earthquake action is generally
considered as periodic excitation source on overlaying bedrock; seismic force effects on
foundation and superstructure after passing through upper soil layer, and the properties of
foundation soil have important impact on characteristics of structure seismic response. [1-4]
Under dynamic load effect, soil body and structure as a weighted whole, deformation and
motion controls each other. Regardless the properties of soil or structure, such as the
distribution, deformation modulus and damping of soil, the rigidity, shape and size of structure
etc., will affect the dynamic characteristics of soil and structure system[5-9].
Therefore, the research achievement of dynamic soil-structure interaction has a very
important practical significance for guiding actual engineering design[10-13], improving structural
design methods, making calculation more reasonable and economic, guaranteeing safety
economic efficiency of structure and reducing project cost. In order to measure the factors that
cannot be fully considered in current specification, now we apply PLAXIS geotechnical finite
element program, conduct the numerical simulation for a 6-storey building.
Boundary conditions
As the impact on the soil body away from structure of load can be negligible, and therefore
virtual boundary may be introduced relatively distant from structure, and set artificial damping
boundary conditions on the virtual boundary [3], to make energy is consumed on the boundary
and do not reflect into the soil which have been intercepted.
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Material properties
Table 1: Building materials' properties
Parameter
Subsoil
Unit
Material model
MC
Drained
UNSAT
16.5
kNm-3
SAT
18.5
kNm-3
Osmotic coefficient kx
0.003
mday-1
Osmotic coefficient ky
0.001
mday-1
Poisson's ratio
0.25
6.00E+04
kNm-2
Cohesion c
15
kNm-2
25
Plank
Pillar
Unit
Material model
Elastic
Elastic
Normal Stiffness EA
8.00E+06
7.00E+05
kN/m
Flexural rigidity EI
8.00E+04
6.00E+03
kNm2/m
Specific weight
kN/m/m
Poisson's ratio
Rayleigh damping
0.01
0.01
Calculation
Calculation is processing in two steps: the first step is "plastic analysis" in the construction
process of the building; the second step is "dynamic analysis" of earthquake simulation, using
real the 1989 seismic acceleration data recorded by USGS, to read-in by SMC (Strong Motion
CD-ROM) format [2].
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Soft soil
Unit
19
Medium
hard soil
17
12
kN/m3
2.00E+06
8.00E+05
3.00E+05
6.00E+04
8.00E+03
kN/m2
Poisson's ratio
0.21
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.30
Rayleigh
damping
Shear wave
velocity
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
840
550
280
180
50
parameter
Rock
Hard soil
Density
22
Young modulus
m/s
Under this circumstance that the form of superstructure and the inputted seismic
acceleration data is unchanged, changing the properties of soil, calculate the seismic response in
a variety of foundation soil. Perform the comparison with the seismic response data at structure
apex.
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CONCLUSIONS
(1) Along with the strength of the foundation soil becomes smaller; seismic response of
structure progressively increases, under normal circumstances it is larger on soft soil than on
bedrock, but not always. For the soft soil whose strength is relatively weak, because of its
superior long period, it might occur " shock insulation" phenomenon under severe earthquake.
(2) In the current seismic design calculations, only consider the difference of factors such
as different eigenperiod caused due to different foundation conditions, for foundation itself is
unstable under earthquake, occurring seismic subsidence, liquefaction, crack, slip, etc.
phenomena, could not be effectively considered in the calculation, but this kind of effect is
particularly severe in soft foundation. Therefore, in the seismic design of soft foundation, on the
basis of the calculation, necessary measures shall be taken to prevent foundation instability and
structure overturning.
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CONCLUSIONS
The underground water level is shallower; generally earthquake damage is more serious.
This is mainly due to two reasons, first the shallow underground saturated soil is easy to cause
instability because of the generated super hydrostatic pressure under dynamic stress. On the
other hand, the existence of groundwater changes the dynamic characteristics of soil, making
the periodicity and acceleration amplitude of ground motion changed. Overall, the underground
water level depth has great impact on soft clay, yarn thickness such this kind of fine particles
soil, and has minor impact on coarse grained soil. Underground water changes within 4-6m
below ground level, has great effect; groundwater level is below -6m, has minor effect.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was financially supported by State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building
Science (Grant 2012ZA04), Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 2009ZX07423-004) and
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant 2014ZZ0011).
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