Saharan North African Amazigh

Childrens Toy Catalogs

Donation to Centro per la Cultura Ludica in Turin

Jean-Pierre Rossie

Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies

To the Saharan and North African children

To my children Tania, Ben, Ruben and Pia
To my grandchildren Linde, Camille, Ilona, Thilda, Oona and Alvin

Catholic University of Portugal

Faculty of Philosophy

Saharan North African Amazigh

Childrens Toy Catalogs
Donation to
Centro per la Cultura Ludica in Turin

Jean-Pierre Rossie

CEFH
Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies
Braga
2015

Cover photograph:
Partial view of the exposition Rves dEnfants : crescere giocando dal
Marocco a qui, Turin, Italy, 2010, photo by the author

With 177 color photographs and two maps

2015 Jean-Pierre Rossie

The use of the text and pictures in this document for research or educational and
other non-commercial purposes is free of copyright provided the original author
and source are credited; in all other cases no part of this book may be
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, without the written
permission of the author

Jean-Pierre Rossie, Ghent, Belgium

E-mail: sanatoyplay@gmail.com
Internet: http://www.sanatoyplay.org

This document is available on:

Academia.edu: https://independent.academia.edu/JeanPierreRossie
Scribd: https://www.scribd.com/jean_pierre_rossie
Sanatoyplay: http://www.sanatoyplay.org (publications)

Contents
Collection: Saharan and North-African Toy and Play Cultures

Introduction

Map of Morocco

12

Map of the Anti-Atlas

13

Moroccan and Sahrawian toys: donation to the Centro per la Cultura Ludica

14

Dolls 1-94

15

Attributes for doll play 95-138

43

Utensils for dinner and household play 139-165

52

Small houses and construction play 166-169

56

Toy animals 170-184

58

Toy musical instruments 185-198

61

Toy means of transport 199-227

65

Toys for games of skill 228-248

75

Toy communication items 249-251

82

Toys for the Ashura feast and the masquerade 252-263

83

Other toys 264-265

87

Other objects 266-268

88

Moroccan toys: donation to the Centro per la Cultura Ludica in 2010

88

Photographers

91

References

91

Index of places and populations

93

Collection:
Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures
Engaged since 1975 in research on games and toys and later on in experiments
in the field of intercultural education based on this research, the idea slowly
matured to create a collection called Saharan and North African Toy and Play
Cultures. A toy and play culture that rightly should be part of the cultural
heritage of humanity, just as the masterpieces of art and architecture.
An attempt to create such a collection for the International Council for
Children's Play was supported by Andr Michelet, director of the Centre
d'Etudes Roland Houdon at Saran, France, with the publication of my book Jeux
et jouets sahariens et nord-africains: poupes - jeux de poupes in 1993. As the
Centre d'Etudes Roland Houdon stopped its publishing activities soon
afterwards, this attempt was prematurely broken off.
In 1999 the Nordic Center for Research on Toys and Educational Media
published on its website the first English and French HTML versions of
Children's dolls and doll play, and of the Commented bibliography on play,
games and toys. A final version of these books and of The animal world in play,
games and toys were published by the Stockholm International Toy Research
Center in 2005.
In 2008 the volume Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys, and the French version of this book, have
been published on the Internet by the same Centre.
As the Stockholm International Toy Research Center which edited my books
beforehand has been closed in 2011, this new book Saharan and North African
Toy and Play Cultures. Technical activities in play, games and toys is edited by
the Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies of the Faculty of
Philosophy of the Catholic University of Portugal.
In January 2015 I began to write a series of catalogs to provide access to
interested researchers and other persons to the about 1250 toys and other
playthings which I donated to museums and socio-cultural associations. The
book about the donation to the Centro per la Cultura Ludica is the first volume
of this series, that is part of the collection Saharan and North African Toy and
Play Cultures.

7
In order to make the information on Saharan and North African games and
toys available to people reading English as well as to those reading French, to
stimulate the exchange of information and the reciprocal enrichment of ideas
and actions between the French-speaking and the English-speaking world, who
otherwise remain too often separated by a linguistic cleavage, the studies are to
be published in English and in French.
To facilitate a large distribution of the information on Saharan and North
African games and toys, the volumes of the collection Saharan and North
African Toy and Play Cultures are freely available on:

the authors website: http://www. sanatoyplay.org

Academia.edu: https://independent.academia.edu/JeanPierreRossie
Scribd: https://www.scribd.com/jean_pierre_rossie

The volumes of the collection:

Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures

Childrens dolls and doll play, 2005, 328 p., 163 ill.

The animal world in play, games and toys, 2005, 219 p., 107 ill.

Domestic life in play, games and toys, 2008, 438 p., 410 ill.

Commented bibliography on play, games and toys, 2011, 72 p.

Technical activities in play, games and toys, 2013, 360 p., 350 ill.

Saharan North-African Amazigh Childrens Toy Catalogs

Donation to Centro per la Cultura Ludica in Turin, 2015, 93 p., 179 ill.,

Introduction

This volume is the first in a series of catalogs on Saharan, North African and
Amazigh toys I have collected as part of my ethnographic research in the
Tunisian Sahara in 1975 and in Morocco since 1992. These toys and other
playthings have been donated to museums or socio-cultural associations in
Australia, Belgium, France, Italy and Morocco in order to preserve, disseminate
and promote this heritage.
The chronological order of these donations is as follows:
The Muse du Jouet de Moirans-en-Montagne, France, 2005/2014, 677 toys.
In October 2014 this museum received all the printed, visual and audiovisual
documents I have collected during my researches on toy making and play
activities to be kept by the Ple Documentaire (http://www.musee-du-jouet.com).
The Speelgoedmuseum / Toy Museum in Mechelen, Belgium, within the the
project Toys of the World, 2005, 35 toys (http://www.speelgoedmuseum.be).
The Centro per la Cultura Ludica of Turin, Italy, 2008/2010, 272 toys
(http://www.comune.torino.it/iter/servizi/centri_di_cultura/gioco/centro_cultura_ludica/ind
ex.shtml).

The Etnografisch Museum / Ethnographic Museum, Antwerpen, Belgium,

2007/2008, 39 toys. In 2011 this museum has been integrated in the Museum
aan de Stroom (MAS) of the same city (http://www.mas.be).
The Centre de Safi of the Fondation Orient-Occident, Safi, Morocco, 2009,
100 toys (http://www.fondation.orient-occident.org).
The Associazione La Lucertola, Ravenna, Italy, 2011, 93 toys
(http://www.lalucertola.org).
The Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, within the theme Play and
Folklore, 2011, 36 toys (http://museumvictoria.com.au/about/books-andjournals/journals/play-and-folklore).

The mentioned number of toys is only approximate because sometimes a series

of objects is grouped together as one toy, for example in the case of toy utensils,
small houses and attributes for dolls.

10

The toys donated to the Centro per la Cultura Ludica belonged in most cases
to Amazigh children of the Anti-Atlas, speaking Tachelhit and living in the
provinces of Tiznit and Sidi Ifni. These toys and the games, in which they are
used, will be described in the forthcoming book Saharan and North African Toy
and Play Cultures. Make-believe play among children of the Moroccan AntiAtlas.
During some visits in Tan-Tan and a brief stay in Bir Gandouz Jdid, near the
Mauritanian border, I obtained some Sahrawi toys that I incorporated into this
gift. With few exceptions, these toys were used for games of children in the
Anti-Atlas and the Sahara between 2002 and 2008. They are therefore
witnessing the current toy and play culture of these children in which tradition
and modernity coexist on a daily basis.
The information was often collected from children who created toys, but
sometimes adults have remade toys of their childhood. In all these cases natural
material and recycled material were used. Some toys are made by artisans or
come from the toy industry. Since 2002, Boubaker Daoumani and Khalija Jariaa
play an important role in collecting and describing toys of the Anti-Atlas.
Concerning contact with children paternal or maternal authorization has been
gained when collecting data and toys and when taking pictures. It would have
been difficult to do otherwise because the fieldwork is done in the family
compound or the public space. These play activities being freely decided by the
children, it is impossible to get toys, and information on the games for which
they are used, without their consent and active participation.
All these toys bring a strong testimony of children's culture and material
culture in the communities of the concerned regions, a heritage which is
endangered, however. This finding is the major reason that pushed me to donate
collections of North African and Saharan children's toys to toy museums, child
museums or ethnographic museums hoping to stimulate them to save these
almost unknown play cultures and to integrate them in the world heritage.
The creation of a major exhibition by the Centro per la Cultura Ludica,
highlighting this collection of toys, marked a high point for valuing the
creativity of children who have been willing to share their dreams
(www.comune.torino.it/iter/servizi/centri_di_cultura/gioco/il_gioco_in_mostra/r
eves-enfantes.shtml#top). Dreams the title of the exhibition refers: Rves
dEnfants : crescere Giocando dal Marocco a qui (growing up while playing
from Morocco to here). This exhibition opened in Turin November 20, 2010 and
ended in December 2012.

11
I wrote a booklet Rves dEnfants. Jeux et Jouets de lAnti-Atlas et du
Sahara : brochure pour lexposition rves denfants Turin (Rossie, 2013).
The reader will find in this booklet additional geographical and sociocultural
information.
Although I made lists with photos of the toys donated to museums these lists
are only working papers. I decided to invest the time necessary to work out
elaborate lists because I am more and more convinced of the need to make the
original data at the base of my publications available to researchers and
interested people.
Even if the conservation of these toys is guaranteed by the museums, those
who want to check my analyzes and interpretations would be obliged to go there
and to work in the reserves, something which quickly becomes expensive
especially when one lives in a foreign country, for example in North Africa
where researchers also find themselves facing visa problems.
Another aspect is related to the ethnographic method based on participatory
research whereby it becomes difficult if not impossible to replicate my research
because of the evolution of children's culture. The evolution of the Moroccan
and Saharan rural communities under the influence of consumerism and
globalization pushes children to abandon the local play and toy tradition and to
turn towards what the toy and entertainment industries offer them.
Moreover, a recent publication How to Make More Published Research True
(Ioannidis 2014) stresses the need to register and share data, protocols,
materials, software and other tools to make more truthful published research. By
publishing on the internet this written and visual documentation of Moroccan
and Saharan children's toys, I hope to participate in this effort. Other volumes
should follow offering approximately one thousand additional toys from North
Africa and the Sahara found in the other museums or associations mentioned
above.
In the same effort to make available the data and to promote knowledge and
appreciation of these children's cultures, I developed a digitized database of
Saharan, North African and Amazigh toy and play cultures. This database will
facilitate the study and use of this heritage for researchers and other interested
persons. It is planned that it will become available in some museums and
research centers worldwide.

12

The geographical terms are indicated on two maps, a map of Morocco and a
map of the Anti-Atlas (p. 13).

13

14

Moroccan and Sahrawian Toys

Donation to the Centro per la Cultura Ludica

15
This catalog includes about 272 toys and other playthings created and used
between 2002 and 2009 by Moroccan children, mostly Amazigh children of the
Anti-Atlas who speak Tachelhit, and also by a few Sahrawi children from TanTan and Bir Gandouz Jdid. Adults in these regions redid some toys of their
childhood. These toys were donated by the author to the Centro per la Cultura
Ludica of Turin in 2008 and 2010.
The measures are given in centimeters: BA = base, H = height, L = length, B =
breadth, T = thickness, D = diameter, + = maximum, - = minimum.

Dolls 1-94
Note: a description of doll play is given in Rossie, JP. (2005). Saharan and
North African Toy and Play Cultures. Childrens dolls and doll play.
1.

2.

Ngueffa doll (woman specialized in organizing weddings) ointment tube

structure, yellow upper garment with a blue pattern, made by a girl, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2007, H 21 cm, B arms 12 cm.
Doll dressmaker, reed structure, transparent white upper garment, made by
a 10 year old girl, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H
24 cm, 13 cm B arms.
1

16
3.

Doll patroness of a weaving workshop, structure: plastic doll with the head
of another plastic doll, wearing a dress, a blouse and a gray fabric jacket
made by a girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 10.2007, H 32 cm.
3

4.

Doll woman working in the weaving workshop reed structure, wearing a

white dress, shoulder strap and blue-brown belt, and a yellow scarf, made
by a girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 10.2007, H 20 cm, B arms
14 cm.
4

17
5.

6.

7.

8.

Doll girl of the mother doll (4), reed structure, wearing a whitish robe,
yellow scarf and belt, made by a girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 10.2007, H 10 cm, B arms 8.5 cm.
Doll boy of the mother doll (6), reed structure, wearing a whitish dress and
yellow belt, made by a girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
10.2007, H 14 cm, 8 cm B arms .
Doll woman working in the weaving workshop, reed structure, wearing a
whitish dress and two underwear made of pieces of a plastic bag, bluebrown shoulder strap and belt, yellow scarf with a dry flower attached,
made by a girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 10.2007, H 31 cm,
B 16 cm arms.
Doll mother carrying baby doll, mother and baby modeled in clay, whiteblack dress for mother and black for the baby, black scarf, face and hair
features inlaid, made by a 14 year old girl, village Lahfart, Anti -Atlas,
Amazigh, 1.2002, mother: H 14 cm, B arms: 7.5 cm, baby: H 6 cm, B arms
3.5 cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2005). Saharan and North African Toy and Play
Cultures. Childrens dolls and doll play, copy of figure 149, p. 177.
8

18

Belghenja doll for childrens play featuring the ritual for rain, structure:
wooden ladle and piece of reed, light green upper garment enveloping the
entire ladle, red lace holding some grass stems, made by a 7 year old girl,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2007, H 45 cm, B arms 20 cm.
See Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys, p. 306-310.
10. Belghenja doll for childrens play featuring the ritual for rain, structure:
wooden ladle and piece of reed, white upper garment enveloping the entire
ladle, red lace holding two feathers, made by a 6 year old girl, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2007, H 46 cm, B arms 18 cm. See
Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys, p. 306-310.
9.

11. Belghenja doll for children's play featuring the ritual for rain, structure:
lamp and silver paper, green scarf, two flowers, made by a boy, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2007, H 46 cm, B arms 25 cm. See
Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys, p. 306-310.

10

19

11

12. Doll student, reed structure, dressed in shiny wrapping paper silver with
pink decor, the school is delineated by stones and the teacher is a 10 year
old girl, village Ikenwn, made by a girl of 7 years, 12.2006, H 15 cm, B
arms 9 cm.

12

13

14

15

20
13. Doll student, reed structure, dressed in shiny white wrapping paper
decorated with white circles, the school is delineated by stones and the
teacher is a 10 year old girl, village Ikenwn, made by a 7 year old girl,
12.2006, H 21 cm, B arms 18 cm.
14. Doll student, reed structure, dressed in shiny wrapping paper silver toy
decor, the school is delineated by stones and the mistress is a 10 year old
girl, village Ikenwn, made by a 6 year old daughter, 12.2006, H 16 cm, B
arms 17 cm.
15. Doll student, reed structure, dressed in shiny red wrapping paper with green
decor, the school is delineated by stones and the teacher is a 10 year old
girl, village Ikenwn, made by a girl of 8 years, 12.2006, H 16 cm, B arms
12 cm.
16. Large plastic doll with sticks as legs, like dressed in trousers and a yellow
blouse made by a girl, pretending to make prostheses for the disabled, the
playgroup includes girls between 4 and 10 years and two boys aged 6 and 8
years who play the role of doctor, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 3.2006, H 40 cm.
17. Doll mother carrying a doll baby, reed structure, mother with gray upper
garment, baby with white-pink upper garment, large white-pink scarf
holding the baby, encrusted and blackened facial features, Lahfart village,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, mother: H 17 cm, B arms 8 cm, baby H 9cm.
16

17

21

18. Doll patron of Khayriya (private charity for disabled children, street
children, pregnant girls, etc.). Barbie-like doll dressed by a girl, white
threads as hair introduced one by one, playgroup of 4 girls, village Douar
Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H 30 cm.
19. Doll girl with one arm (called the tall one) living in the Khayriya (private
charity for disabled children, street children, pregnant girls, etc.), plastic
doll with its head coming from another doll, a girl dressed it in a gray dress
and a blue blouse, doll decorated with a flower and rings, playgroup of 4
girls, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H 37 cm.
20. Doll girl without arms (called the beautiful one) living in the Khayriya
(private charity for disabled children, street children, pregnant girls, etc.),
plastic doll dressed by a girl in a white dress, pink blouse and crocheted
apron, brown belt, playgroup of 4 girls, village Douar Ouaraben, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H 31 cm.
21. Doll girl with broken shoulders living in Khayriya (private charity for
disabled children, street children, pregnant girls, etc.), plastic doll dressed
in a brown dress and blouse by a girl, two red bracelets, playgroup of 4
girls, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H 34 cm.

18

19

20

21

22
22. Doll girl with one arm living in Khayriya (private charity for disabled
children, street children, pregnant girls, etc.), plastic doll dressed by a girl
in a blue-brown dress and a black blouse, yellow hair, playgroup of 4 girls,
village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H 18 cm.
23. Doll older girl with piece of reed as arm living in Khayriya (private charity
for disabled children, street children, pregnant girls, etc.), plastic doll
dressed by a girl in a gray dress and blouse, white scarf, playgroup of 4
girls, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H 14.5 cm.
24. Doll girl with arms living in Khayriya (private charity for disabled children,
street children, pregnant girls, etc.), plastic doll dressed by a girl in a white
dress and red-black blouse, reddish hair introduced one by one, playgroup
of 4 girls, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H 26 cm.

22

23

24

25. Doll child, twig structure wrapped in fabric, made by an 8 year old girl,
village Douar (Tan-Tan), Moroccan Sahara, 3.2007, H 23 cm. See Rossie,
J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic
life in play, games and toys, fig. 21, p. 67.
26. Doll groom (aris), reed structure with carved legs wrapped in multi-colored
and white fabric, long dark blue shawl, no facial features, made by a 10
year old girl, village Douar (Tan-Tan), Moroccan Sahara, 3.2007, H 9 cm,
B arms 9 cm.

23
27. Doll Bride (arousa), reed structure wrapped in dark blue fabric with white
underwear, long dark blue hair braids, no facial features, made by a 10 year
old girl, village Douar (Tan -Tan), Moroccan Sahara, 3.2007, H 12 cm, B
arms 7 cm.
25

26

27

28. Doll dancer of the Sahrawi dance (yerkez), twigs structure with an
undulated twig as arms representing the typical arm movements in this
dance, structure wrapped in white and dark blue cloth, long dark blue hair
braids, no facial features, made by a 9 year old girl, village Douar (TanTan), Moroccan Sahara, 3.2007, H 32 cm, B arms 16 cm.
29. Doll spectator of the Sahrawi dance, reed structure wrapped in multicolored and green fabric, no facial features, made by an 11 year old girl,
village Douar (Tan-Tan), Moroccan Sahara, 3.2007, H 28 cm , B arms
11cm.
28

29

24
30. Traditional Sahrawi doll, structure made of a reed planted in a cloth bag
and a piece of reed for the arms, hair made of a dough in which small pearls
are fixed and with long braid decorated with pearls,represents the young
bride sitting, redone by a woman of about 65 years living in Tan-Tan,
Moroccan Sahara, 2006, H 18 cm, B arms 11 cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2005).
Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Children's dolls and
doll play, p. 97.
31. Doll maid, reed structure, black skirt and big yellow-red scarf, encrusted
facial traits blackened with natural tar, made by a paternal aunt of 30 years
for her 4 year old niece to play with a 9 year old girl, village Timgrad, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H 27 cm, B arms 13 cm.
30

32. Male doll, husband of the pregnant female doll (33), reed structure, green
upper garment and white turban, encrusted facial traits blackened with
natural tar, made by a 9 year old girl, village Timgrad, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 8.2006, H 34 cm, B arms 19 cm.
33. Pregnant female doll, board structure and piece of reed, facial traits
designed with natural tar, made by a 9 year old girl, village Timgrad, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H 28 cm, B 13 arms cm.

31

25

32

33

34. Doll representing a sterile woman consulting an old woman (35), reed
structure, a large transparent black scarf envelopes the head and body,
facial traits encrusted and blackened with a red hot iron, made by an 8 year
old girl, village Timgrad, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H 31 cm, B arms
18 cm.
35. Doll representing an old woman being a specialist of medicinal herbs, reed
structure, large bright yellow scarf, long wool braids dyed with henna, no
facial traits, small scarves (red and blue cloth, strips from a black plastic
bag) knotted around the head, made by an 8 year old girl, village Timgrad,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H 28 cm, B arms16 cm.
34

35

26
36
36. Doll grandmother, reed structure,
black skirt and large transparent
black scarf, facial traits encrusted
and blackened with a red hot iron,
long woolen braids dyed with
henna, Amazigh jewel brooch
'tawenja' on the front, made by
paternal aunt of 30 years upon
request of her 4 year old niece who
wanted a doll resembling her
grandmother, village Timgrad,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H 29
cm, B arms 18 cm.

37. Doll mother dressed for a feast, board structure and piece of reed enveloped
by yellow, multicolored and black fabric, large white scarf, facial traits
drawn with natural tar, piece of a black plastic bag as hair, 3 large
necklaces and jewelry on the front, two brooches cut from aluminum foil,
made by an 11 year old girl, village Imjd, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H
31 cm, B arms 24 cm.

37

38

27
39
38. Doll girl (of the doll mother 37),
structure of reeds wrapped in cloth,
scarf of the same tissue, encrusted
and blackened facial traits, made by
an 11 year old girl, village Imjd,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H 20
cm, B arms 14 cm.
39. Doll grandmother (of the doll girl
38), plank surrounded by white and
black transparent fabric, yellow scarf,
facial traits drawn with natural tar,
made by an 11 year old girl, village
Imjd, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2006,
H 23 cm.
40. Doll wife, board structure and piece of reed wrapped in yellow cloth, large
white scarf on a small red scarf, facial traits drawn with natural tar, made
by an 11 year old girl, village Imjd, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H 28
cm, B arms 13 cm.
41. Doll husband (of the doll wife 40), board structure and piece of reed
wrapped in white cloth, white turban, facial traits drawn with natural tar,
made by an 11 year old girl, village Imjd, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh , 8.2006, H
29 cm, B arms 11 cm.

40

41

28
42. Doll girl, board structure and stick, surrounded by white cloth, large white
scarf, black cloth as braids, doll remade by an 18 year old girl as she did at
the age of about 5 years, village Ifrane a/s, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 10.2006,
H 24 cm, B arms 16 cm.
43. Doll girl, board structure and stick, surrounded by black fabric decorated
with flowers, black cloth as braids, bag worn on the shoulder made of the
same fabric, doll remade by an 18 year old girl as she did at the age of
about 5 years, village Ifrane a/s, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 10.2006, H 22 cm, B
arms 10 cm.
42

43

44. Doll girl, used plastic doll dressed by a 5 year old girl, village Lahfart,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H 17 cm.
44

29
45. Doll mother carrying baby, mother and baby: reed structure with carved
legs wrapped in rags, encrusted facial traits colored with a stained pen,
made by a 6 year old girl, village Lahfart, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 4.2007,
mother : H 8 cm, B arms 4 cm, baby H 3.5 cm, B arms 2 cm.
46. Doll father (of the baby on 45), reed structure with carved legs, green upper
garment and black turban, incrusted facial traits colored with a stained pen,
made by a 6 year old girl, village Lahfart, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 4.2007, H
9 cm, B arms 4 cm.

45

46

47. Doll mother carrying baby, mother and baby: reed structure with carved
legs wrapped in rags, hair: bundle of goat hair, upper garment of a candy
wrapper, encrusted facial traits colored with a stained pen, made by a 7 year
old girl, village Lahfart, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 4.2007, mother: H 11 cm, B
arms 3.5 cm, 4.5 cm Baby H, B arms 3 cm.
48. Doll sister (of the baby on 47), reed structure with carved legs, candy
wrapper upper garment, encrusted facial traits colored with a stained pen,
made by a 7 year old girl, village Lahfart, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 4.2007, H
5.5 cm, B arms 3 cm.

47

48

30

49. Doll pregnant mother, reed structure, cushion to create the belly, shining
transparent upper garment, scarf of the same fabric, no facial traits, made
by an 8 year old girl, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 5.2006
H 22 cm, B arms 16 cm.
50. Doll boy (of doll mother 49), reed structure, black upper garment, red belt,
no facial traits, made by an 8 year old girl, village Douar Ouaraben, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 5.2006, H 14 cm, B arms 7 cm.

49

50

51. Doll mother, reed structure, multicolored upper garment, big black scarf, no
facial traits, made by a 9 year old girl, village Ikenwn, 8.2006, H 30 cm, B
arms 9 cm.
52. Doll girl (of doll mother 51), reed structure, pink upper garment, large
yellow belt, no facial traits, made by a 9 year old girl, village Ikenwn,
8.2006, H 20 cm, B arms 9 cm.

31

52

51

53. Doll older girl for Ahwash dance, structure: stick and piece of reed attached
with a plastic tape to a square piece of wood, facial traits encrusted with a
red hot iron, blue and white clothes, large white scarf, hair from goat hair,
copies of traditional jewelry, made by a 31 year old woman the way she did
it at the age of about 9 years, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
8.2006, H 22 cm, B arms 10 cm
54. Doll old woman for Ahwash dance, structure: reed fixed with a nail on a
square piece of wood, facial traits encrusted with a red hot iron, transparent
pink upper garment, blue and pink transparent scarves, long hair of goat
hair, copy of traditional jewelry, made by a 31 year old woman the way she
did it at the age of about 9 years, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
8.2006, H 32 cm, B arms 14 cm.

53

54

32
55. Doll black bride (exceptional), reed structure, yellow upper garment, red
and yellow scarf, braids from black plastic bag strips, face blackened with
natural tar, facial traits made with nail polish, long necklace, made by a 10
year old girl, village Ifrane a/s, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H 34 cm, B
arms 11 cm.
56. Doll groom (of doll 55), reed structure, white upper garment with long
sleeves, white turban, facial traits made with a red hot iron, made by a 9
year old girl, village Ifrane a/s, Anti- Atlas Amazigh, 8.2006, H 27 cm, B
arms 22 cm.

55

56

57. Doll mother (of doll 55), reed structure, yellow upper garment, red and
black scarf, hair pieces of black plastic bags, facial traits encrusted with a
red hot iron, made by a 10 year old girl, village Ifrane a/s, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 8.2006, H 36 cm, B arms15 cm.
58. Doll daughter (of doll 57), reed structure, multicolored upper garment,
black and green scarf, facial traits encrusted with a red hot iron, made by a
9 year old girl, village Ifrane a/s, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H 23 cm, B
arms 9 cm.

33

58

57

59. Doll mother (of doll 56), reed structure, brown upper garment, black, green,
red and white scarf, facial traits encrusted with a red hot iron, braids of
black cloth strips, made by a 10 year old girl, village Ifrane a/s, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 8.2006, H 31 cm, B arms 17 cm.
59

34
60. Doll mother carrying child in front, structure: reed and corn stalk, mother:
blue blouse, yellow skirt, multicolored scarf and large transparent black
scarf , without facial features, H 30 cm, B arms 10 cm, baby: white upper
garment, red scarf, facial features sewn on corn stalk, H 21 cm, B arms 11
cm, made by a 10 year old girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
8.2007.
60

61.

Dolls bride and groom in a wedding throne, dolls: structure of a plank with
plasticized iron wire arms,
multicolored upper garment,
hair from brown wool, facial
features made with a blue pen;
bride with scarf and belt of
golden wrapper paper, H 20
cm, B arms 11 cm; groom with
tie and plastic crown, H 22 cm,
B arms 11 cm; throne wire
structure surrounded by
sheepskin and palm fiber on
the bottom, H 27 cm, B 23 cm;
remade by a man of 27 years
following the model he created
at the age of 9, Ikenwn, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 4.2007.
61

35
62. Doll mother (of the girl 63), reed structure with two legs spread, robe and
upper garment transparent, multicolored scarf, no facial features, made by
an 8 year old girl, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 5.2006, H
25 cm, B arms 16 cm.
63. Doll girl in hospital, plastic robot structure topped by a plastic doll head,
multicolored dress and long red coat, hair: long cotton threads introduced
into the head and braided, made by a 12 year old girl, village Douar
Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 5.2006, H 21 cm.
64. Doll woman doctor (auscultation of doll 62), reed structure, multicolored
dress and transparent upper garment, no facial features, made by a 7 year
old girl, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 5.2006, H 18 cm, B
arms 11 cm.

62

63

64

65. Doll rich woman with cushion bed, reed structure surmounted by a small
head from a plastic doll, original hair, necklace, 2 extra clothes, made by a
9 year old girl, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas , Amazigh, 7.2006, H
26 cm, B arms 13.5 cm, bed L 23 cm.
66. Doll baby in tripod cradle, structure with 3 branches, cloth cradle,
protective scarf, baby of rags, a small red bag containing a magical
protection, baby toy necklace, made by a woman of 30 years, copy of the
model she made as a child, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 7.2006,
crib H 37 cm, baby L 9 cm.

36

65

66

67. Doll mother with baby on lap in baked clay varnished with cactus juice,
Lahfart village, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 6 cm,
B arms 4 cm.
68. Doll father (of baby 67) in baked clay varnished with cactus juice, village
Lahfart, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 6 cm, B arms
4 cm.

67

68

37
69. Doll traffic policeman, plasticized iron wire structure, stitched clothing and
shoulder decoration, cardboard cap, made by an 8 year old girl, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H 33 cm, B arms 22 cm.
70. Doll policeman on the beach, reed structure, wrapping paper garment,
cardboard cap, fixed in a cardboard box, made by an 8 year old boy, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H 27cm, B arms 15cm.
70

69

71. Doll tourist at the beach, Barbie-type doll dressed by a 10 year old girl,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H 26 cm.

71

38
72. Doll tourist, Barbie-type doll dressed by a 9 year old girl, village Ikenwn,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H 31 cm.
73. Doll bride, structure: bone fixed in a cushion, dark blue undergarment and
scarf, white upper garment, white metal sheet collar, made by a woman of
42, Sahrawi, Bir Gandouz Jdid, Sahara, 3.2008, H 27 cm.
74. Doll bridegroom, structure: sticks, white clothes, dark blue scarf, made by a
woman of 42, Sahrawi, Bir Gandouz Jdid, Sahara, 3.2008, H 17 cm, L 12
cm.

72

73

74

75. Doll mother, structure: twigs, dark blue undergarment and scarf, white
upper garment, necklace of beads, drawn facial features, made by a woman
of 20 years Sahrawi, Bir Gandouz Jdid, Sahara, 3.2008, H 16 cm . B arms,
12 cm.
76. Doll boy, structure: sticks, green clothing, dark blue scarf, made by a 13
year old girl, Sahrawi, Bir Gandouz Jdid, Sahara, 3.2008, H 8 cm, L 5 cm..
77. Doll bridegroom, structure: twigs, white dress, dark blue turban, facial
features drawn, made by a woman of 20 years, Sahrawi, Bir Gandouz Jdid,
Sahara, 3.2008, H 17 cm, L 12 cm.

39

75

76

77

78. Doll grandmother, structure: reed, white clothing and white scarf, hair: goat
hair, made by a 9 year old girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
2006, H 10 cm, B arms 5 cm.
79. Doll grandfather, structure: reed, white clothing and ribbon, red lace as
sword made by a 9 year old girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
2006, H 11 cm, B arms 5,5 cm.

78

79

40
80. Doll maid, structure: reed, blue clothing and scarf, hair: goat hair, made by
a 9 year old girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H 22 cm, B
arms 11 cm.
81. Doll daughter of the maid (80) structure: reed, blue clothing and scarf,
made by a 9 year old girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H
13 cm, B arms 8 cm.

81

80

82. Doll maid, structure: plank, white dress and red scarf, made by a 7 year old
girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H 20 cm, B arms 7.5 cm.
83. Doll housewife, structure: reed, multicolored garment, upper garment with
shiny decorations, made by a girl of 8 years, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 2006, H 17 cm, B arms 8 cm.

82

83

41
84. Wealthy family: mother, structure: reed, rags, silver paper, decorative
ribbons, hair: wool, made by a 9 year old girl, village Douar Ouaraben,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H 33 cm, B arms 30 arms.
85. Wealthy family: young daughter, structure: reed, blue fabric with floral
motif, made by a 9 year old girl, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 2006, H 15 cm, B arms 10 cm.
86. Wealthy family: father, structure: reed, rags, silver paper, decorative
ribbons, made by a 9 year old girl, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, H 36 cm, B arms 16 cm.
84

85

86

87. Wedding party: bride, structure: reed, white clothes, great white scarf, red
scarf with flowers, jewelry, made by group of girls aged 6-11 years, village
Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, H 28 cm, B arms 10 cm.
88. Wedding party: bridegroom, structure: reed, white clothes and white turban,
made by group of girls aged 6-11 years, village Douar Ouaraben, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, H 25 cm, B arms 9 cm.
89. Wedding party: mother, structure: reed, colorful clothes, shining
transparent upper garment, black-white scarf, made by group of girls aged
6-11 years, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, H 24
cm, B arms 17 cm.

42

92

89

87

88

90

91

90. Wedding party: woman making henna decorations, structure: reed, colored
underwear, shiny transparent upper garment and scarf, black scarf, made by
group of girls aged 6-11 years, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh , 2.2007, H 24 cm, B arms 8 cm.
91. Wedding party: a female cook, polystyrene, black clothing and scarf, drawn
face, made by group of girls aged 6-11 years, village Douar Ouaraben,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, H 23 cm, B arms 16 cm.
92. Wedding party: rich woman with gift package, structure: plank, colorful
clothing, red scarf, necklaces, earrings, jewelry on forehead, made by group
of girls aged 6-11 years, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti -Atlas, Amazigh,
2.2007, H 31 cm, B arms 15 cm.
93. Wedding party: female tourist with a basket full of gifts, Barbie-type doll
dressed by a girl in a festive dress, made by a group of girls aged 6-11
years, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, H 33 cm.
94. Wedding party: tourist girl, plastic doll dressed by a girl in a white garment,
made by group of girls aged 6-11 years, village Douar Ouaraben, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, H 17 cm (not visible in the photo).

93

43

Attributes for doll play 95-138

95. Package wrapped in red cloth worn on the head by the ngueffa doll (n 1)
and containing small pieces of herbs representing henna, made by a girl,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2007. See photo 1.
96. Plastic cover wrapped in fabric with 9 paper balls wrapped in the same
cloth representing sweets, pastries and dates), accompanying the ngueffa
doll (n 1) made by a girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh , 1.2007.
See photo 1.
97. Wedding gift, wrapped in a shiny package (8), accompanying the ngueffa
doll (n 1), made by a girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2007,
H 9 cm.
98. Box for candies, cardboard box wrapped in silver paper filled with 9
candies and 3 chewing gums, accompanying the ngueffa doll (n 1),
made by a girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2007.
99. Cushion (2) paint box wrapped in silver paper, accompanying the ngueffa
doll (n 1), made by a girl, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2007,
D 11 cm.

99

98

99

100. Candies (3), small stones wrapped

in candy wrappers, made by a girl,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 1.2007.

100

44

101. Clothing for a female doll (4 pieces: 2 white, 1 pink, 1 blue) accompanying
the doll dressmaker (n 2), made by a 10 year old girl, village Douar
Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 7.2006, H + 22 cm.
102. Clothing for male doll (3 pieces: gray, red, brown) accompanying the doll
dressmaker (n 2) made by a 10 year old girl, village Douar Ouaraben,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 7.2006, H + 20 cm.

103

101

102

103. Blue bag with white shoulder strap for doll play, made by a girl, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2007, H 12 cm, B 13 cm.
104. Toy weaving loom,
structure: planks, nails,
woolen threads,
accompanies the dolls n 3
to 7, made by a girl,
village Ikenwn, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 10.2007,
H 29 cm, B 27 cm.
105. Small plastic pot filled
with wool, accompanies
dolls n 3 to 7, made by a
girl, village Ikenwn,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
10.2007.
105
104

45
106. Bed for dolls (n 18-24) of the Khayriya (private charity for disabled
children, street children, pregnant girls, etc.), frigobox cover, L 43 cm, B 29
cm.
107. Mattresses (2) and pillows (4) for the bed (106) dolls (n 18-24) of the
Khayriya (private charity for disabled children, street children, pregnant
girls, etc.) sewn by girls, mattresses L 30 cm, cushions L 11 cm.

106
107

108. Tent carpet (4) for tent play, cross-shaped reed structure surrounded by
strips of cloth of various colors, made by girls, village Douar (Tan-Tan),
Moroccan Sahara, 2.2007 H between 18 and 26 cm, L 16-21 cm. See
Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig. 17-20, p. 65-66.
109. Bed carpets (3) for tent play, cross-shaped reed structure surrounded by
strips of cloth of various colors, made by girls, village Douar (Tan-Tan),
Moroccan Sahara, 2.2007 H between 11 and 13 cm, L between 10 and 12
cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play
Cultures. Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig. 17-20, p. 65-66.

46

108

109

110. Tents (3) for doll play (dolls 26-29) branches tripod fixed in a piece of
cardboard covered with sand, structure covered with fabric, made by girls
between 8 and 11 year old, village Douar (Tan-Tan) Moroccan Sahara,
3.2007, H 25 to 28 cm, L 32 to 35 cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan
and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic life in play, games and
toys, fig. 25-26, p. 69-70.
110

47
111. Small black bag, representing the charm to protect the child (doll n 25)
against all evil, made by an 8 year old girl, village Douar (Tan-Tan)
Moroccan Sahara, 3.2007. See Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North
African Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig.
21, p. 67. See photo 25..
112. Decoration for doll play, piece of soap surrounded by yellow and brown
threads and decorated with small nails with star, Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a girl, 2005, H 8 cm, L 7 cm.
113. Saddle-toy for a traditional Sahrawi doll, structure made of twigs and
surrounded by strips of red, green and white fabric, represents the
dromedary saddle in which the bride is transported (doll n 30), made by a
woman about 65 years living in Tan-Tan, Moroccan Sahara, 2006, H 19
cm, L 28 cm, B 18 cm. See photo 30.
114. Bed for doll wife and doll husband (n 40-41), with roller and two
cushions, sewn by an 11 year old girl, village Imjd, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
8.2006, H 30 cm, B 23 cm.
115. Hospital bed for sick girl (doll n 63), polystyrene, rag as cover, made by a
7 year old girl, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 5.2006, H 8
cm, L 28 cm, B 9 cm. See photo 63.
116. Attributes for female doctor (doll n 64): plastic seat H 7 cm, plastic
syringe L18 cm long and short multicolored ribbon representing the
instrument to take the tension, piece of bandage. See photo 62-64.
117. A large carpet with a reed structure entwined with synthetic thread and a
small carpet with an electric wire structure (n 118), made by a 13 year old
girl, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 10.2006, L 45 cm and
13 cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play
Cultures. Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig. 61-62, p. 95-96.
118. Mats (3) reed structure entwined wiht synthetic threads, made by an 8 year
old girl, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 10.2006, L 21 cm,
18 cm and 15 cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy
and Play Cultures. Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig. 61, p. 95.
117

118

48
119. Plastic toy mirror with silver decoration
for doll play, village Douar Ouaraben,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 10.2006, L 13
cm.
120. Armchairs in fired clay (for doll mother
and doll father n 67-68), village
Lahfart, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by
a girl of 14, 2007, H 4 cm, L 5 cm. See
119
photo 67-68.
121. Wheeled beach restaurant, cardboard box, axles: twigs, wheels: potato
slices, made by an 8 year old boy, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
8.2007, H 10 cm, L 16 cm.
122. Beach tents, 2 square shaped, 1 triangle shaped, made of toothpicks and
piece of potato or carrot as seals, made by an 8 year old boy, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh , 8.2007, H 7 cm.

121

122

123. Beach umbrella, toothpicks and piece of potato, made by an 8 year old boy,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2007, H 7 cm.
124. Beach umbrella, plastic wire and
wool yarn (for doll 71), made by
a 10 year old girl, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
2006, H 19 cm.
125. Long beach chair, plastic wire
and wool yarn (for doll 71),
made by a 10 year old girl,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 2006, H 24 cm, L 9
cm.
124

125

49
126. Swing plough, cut into small branches, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by man of about 60, 2005, H 13, L 20 cm.
127. Forks to return the hay (2), stem of grass, scotch and toothpicks, made by
an 8 year old girl, village Douar (Tan-Tan), Moroccan Sahara, 3.2007, H 22
cm and 12 cm.
128. Well, cardboard box wrapped in pieces of motorbike tire, 2 buckets made
from a piece of tire, made by a 9 year old girl, Bir Gandouz Jdid, Sahara,
3.2008, H 13 cm, L 9 cm.

126
127
128
129. Play tent with cushions (for Sahrawi dolls), metal basis, fabric, sticks, made
by a woman of 42, Sahrawi, Bir Gandouz Jdid, Sahara, 3.2008, H 32 cm, L
30 cm.

129

128

50
130. Pot of roses, clay, twigs, plastic bags, silver paper, made by an 11 year old
girl, Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H 25 m.
131. Table and chair, wood, screws, rags, made by a girl of 8 years, Ikenwn,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, chair: H 3 cm, table: H 5.5 cm.
131

132. Tents for village play (2), made by a girl of 8 years, Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 2007, H + 34 cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North
African Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig.
32, p. 74.
132

51
133. Wedding party throne decorated with 4 flowers (dolls 87-88), ice cream
sticks, wrapping paper, made by group of girls aged 6-11 years, village
Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, H 5 cm, L 17 cm.
134. Decorated wedding party candles (2) (dolls 87-88), made by group of girls
aged 6-11 years, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, H
22 cm. See photo 87-93.
135. Wedding party: clay ring decorated with pearls (dolls 87-88), made by
group of girls aged 6-11 years, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 2.2007, D 3 cm. See photo 87-93.
136. Wedding party: clay bracelet decorated with pearls (dolls 87-88), made by
group of girls aged 6-11 years, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 2.2007, D 7 cm.
137. Wedding party: clay pair of slippers decorated with pearls (dolls 87-88),
made by group of girls aged 6-11 years, village Douar Ouaraben, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, L 6,5 cm.

136

137

138. Wedding party: sugarloaf for decoration (dolls87-88), bought in a shop,

village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2.2007, L 6.5 cm. See photo
87-93.

52

Utensils for dinner and household play 139-165

Note: a description of dinner and household play is given in Rossie, JP. (2008).
Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic life in play,
games and toys.
139. Tray to put on stove n140, in clayish earth, Lahfart village, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a 7 year old daughter, 2002, H 2.5 cm, D 8 cm.
140. Stove (kanun), in clayish earth, Lahfart village, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made
by a 7 year old girl, 2002, H 7 cm, D 8 cm.
139

140

141. Large kitchen bowl, in clayish earth, village Lahfart, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
made by a 7 year old girl, 2002, H 5.5 cm, D 6.5 cm.
142. Jug, in clayish earth, Lahfart village, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a 10
year old girl, 2003, H 6 cm, D 4 cm.
141

142

53

143. Tray with cakes (14 pieces), in clayish earth, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a girl of 8 years, 2005, tray: H 2.5 cm, D 7 cm.
144. Iced lollipop, in clayish earth and plastic stick, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a girl of 6 years, 2005, H 9 cm, D 4 cm.
145. Utensil to make buttermilk, clay, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
made by a girl of 12, 2006, H 9 cm, D 4 cm.
143

144

145

146. Tray, teapot and 4 cups, clay, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made
by a girl of 12, 2006, H+ 4 cm, D+ 10 cm
147. Mill for argan oil and bowl, clay, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
made by a girl of 12, 2006, H 9 cm, L 9 cm.
146

147

54
148. Tray with a bread, tajine with food (pieces of polystyrene), 2 bowls, cup,
modeled in clay, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a 10 year
old girl, 2006, H + 4 cm, D + 6 cm.
148

149. Vase for flowers in clay, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a
10 year old girl, 2006, H 11 cm, D 6 cm.
150. Stove (part of a fix phone), village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
toy of a 7 year old girl, 2006, H 2 cm, D 4.5 cm.
151. Cooking pot with a lid in porcelain (to put on stove n 150), village Douar
Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, toy a girl of 7 year old girl, 2006, H 8 cm,
D 6 cm.
150

151

152. Large series of plastic toy utensils and caps for dinner and household play,
Anti-Atlas, 2007.
153. Jugs with and without handles in fired clay glazed with cactus juice,
Lahfart village, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 4-5 cm.
154. Coffee pot, milk jug and sugar pot in fired clay glazed with cactus juice,
Lahfart village, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H + 4 cm.

55

153

154

155. Utensil for making buttermilk, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, Lahfart
village, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 6 cm, L 7 cm.
156. Stove and tray, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, Lahfart village, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 4 cm.
155

156

157. Tray with a tajine and 4 breads, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, Lahfart
village, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 3 cm, D 6 cm.
158. Hand mill, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, Lahfart village, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 4 cm, D 4 cm.
159. Casserole with lid, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, Lahfart village, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 6 cm, D 5 cm.
160. Pot and ladle, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, Lahfart village, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 4 cm, D 4 cm.
158

159

160

56
161. Bread oven with a bread, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, Lahfart
village, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 6 cm, D 6 cm.
162. Bread tray, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, Lahfart village, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 8 cm, D 6 cm.
163. Stove, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, village Lahfart, made by a girl of
14, 2007, H 6 cm, D 5 cm.
161

162

163

164. Scale, bottom of a plastic bottle, wire, flower as weight, village Ikenwn,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a boy of 8 years, 10.2007, L 30 cm.
165. Wedding party: open fire stove and couscous cooker (dolls 87-88), plastic
electrical wire and sardine cans, village Douar Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 2.2007, H 16 cm. See photo 87-88.

Small houses and construction play 166-169

Note: the small houses of girls and boys used for doll, dinner, household, shop
and restaurant play are often marked out on the groub with stones. See Rossie,
J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic life in
play, games and toys (p. 76-158).
166
166. House of clay, decorated
with small stones, candy
packaging and 2 flowers,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a 13 year
old girl, 2004, H 7 cm, L 12
cm, B 8 cm

57
167. Framework to filter sand, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a
boy, 10.2007, H 31 cm, L 26 cm.
168. Toy shovel and rake used with the sand filter, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a boy, 10.2007, shovel L 13 cm, B 5 cm, rake L 11 cm,
B 5.5 cm.
167

168
169. Mosque, cardboard and scotch, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
made by a 9 year old boy, 2007, H 39 cm, L 26 cm.
169

58

Toy animals 170-184

Note: A description of toy animals is found in Rossie, J-P. (2005). Saharan and
North African Toy and Play Cultures. The animal world in play, games
and toys.
170. Mule carrying bags and pulling a sardines tin can as cart, village Ifrane a/s,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a big girl, 11.2006, mule: H 7 cm, L 18 cm,
total L 45 cm.
170

171. Rat, structure of the body and legs: piece of wood wrapped in rags, head
reused from a plush animal, made by a 11 year old boy, Sidi Ifni, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 12.2007, H 12 cm, L 21 cm.

171
172. Horse in fired clay, Safi, made by 5 year old potters son, 7.2007, H 8.5, cm
L 13.5 cm.
173. Cat in fired clay, Safi, made by 5 year old potters son, 7.2007, H 4 cm, L
10 cm.

59
174. Dog in fired clay, Safi, made by 5 year old potters son, 7.2007, H 3.5 cm,
L 9.5 cm.
175. Hen in fired clay, Safi, made by 5 year old potters son, 7.2007, H 8 cm, L
7 cm.
176. Forest (14 trees), fixed in twig piece of clay, Safi, made by 5 year old
potters son, 7.2007, H 4 cm.
172-176

177. Snail, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, village Lahfart, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 3 cm, L 7.5 cm.
178. Dromedary, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, Lahfart village, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 8,5 cm, L 7 cm.
177

178

179. Horse and rider, fired clay glazed with cactus juice, Lahfart village, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of 14, 2007, H 11 cm, L 10 cm.
180. Horse in fired clay, village Lahfart, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of
14, 2007, H 8.5 cm, L 11 cm.
181. Cow in fired clay, village Lahfart, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a girl of
14, 2007, H 9 cm, L 9 cm.

60

179

180

181

182. Hen, plastic bags and chicken pens, village Ikenwn, made by a 7 year old
boy, 2.2007, H 24 cm, L 27 cm.
182

183. Goat, sewn goatskin, village Aourir (Essaouira region), made by a 9 year
old boy, 2005, H 32 cm, L 20 cm.
184. Turkey, head and feet cut out of a rubber shoesole and body of a plastic
bag, village Aourir (Essaouira region), made by a 9 year old boy, 2005, H
22 cm, L 28 cm.

61

183

184

Toy musical instruments 185-198

Note: a description of toy musical instruments is found in Rossie, J-P. (2008).
Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic life in play,
games and toys, p. 280-300.
185. Reed flute 8 holes, pyrographed decoration made by an old man for the
Ashura feast, Tiznit, 11.2007, L 26 cm, D 2 cm. See Rossie (2008).
Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic life in play,
games and toys, fig. 362, p. 291.
186. Reed flute 8 holes, pyrographed decoration done by an old man for the
Ashura feast, Tiznit, 11.2007, L 27 cm, D 2.5 cm. See Rossie (2008).
Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic life in play,
games and toys, fig. 362, p. 291.
185

186

62
187. Drum for children, goat skin as a membrane, made by potter especially for
the Ashura feast, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, 1.2007, H 10 cm, D 5 cm. See
Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig. 348, p. 283.
188. Drum for children, goat skin as a membrane, made by potter especially for
the Ashura feast, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, 1.2007, H 18 cm, D 9 cm. See
Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig. 348, p. 283.

187

188

189. Micro for pretending to be a singer, rags ball on stick, village Douar (TanTan), Moroccan Sahara, made by an 8 year old girl, 2.2007, H 38 cm.
189

63
190. Reed transverse flute 7 holes, made by a 14 year old boy, village Igsel
(Guelmim), Pre-Sahara, 2007, L 27 cm, D 2.5 cm.
190

191. Guitar (lotar), structure: pan surrounded by goat skin, branch fixed in the
hole of the pan, 3 brake wire ropes, made by a 13 year old boy, village
Igsel (Guelmim, Pre-Sahara), 2007, L 69 cm, D 19 cm.
192. Double drum, structure: old tin can with goatskin membrane, hit with two
sticks, made by a 14 year old boy, village Igsel (Guelmim, Pre-Sahara),
2007, H 25 cm, D 15 cm.
191

192

64
193. Baby rattle, older model remade by a woman of about 80 years, plastic box
covered with goat skin, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2007, H 18
cm, D 6 cm.
194. Baby rattle, newer model made by a woman of 31 years, plastic box to
bring water from the source Zem Zem during the pilgrimage to Mecca,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2007, L 23 cm, D 6 cm, see Rossie,
JP. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic
life in play, games and toys, p. 350.

193

194

195. Plastic rattle-flute for a baby, made in China, bought at the market for 1
dirham (0.1 ), Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, 3.2008, H 12 cm, D 6 cm.
196. Toy castanets (2) of the Gnawa (black musicians), flattened bottom of a
can, made by an 8 year old boy, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
7.2006, D 6 cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy
and Play Cultures. Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig. 356, p. 289.
196
195

65
197. Paper whistle, made by a boy of 8 years, Midelt, High Atlas, 1998, H 5.5
cm, L 11cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and
Play Cultures. Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig. 358, p. 289.
198. Tin can whistles (2), made by boys, Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 7.2006,
H 3/4 cm, L 1/2cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African
Toy and Play Cultures. Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig. 360-361,
p. 291.
197

198

Toy means of transport 199-227

Note: a description of toy means of transport is found in Rossie, J-P. (2013).
Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. Technical activities in
play, games and toys, p. 114-219.
199. Bicycle, created with a single wire,
model made by a father for his 5 year
old son, village Imjd, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 8.2006, H 5 cm, L 9.5 cm
(bottom of photo).
200. Bicycle, created with a single wire,
copy of the bicycle (199) made by a
boy of 5 years after the model made by
his father, village Imjd, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 8.2006, H 10 cm, L 13 cm
(top of photo).

199

200

66
201. Train, imported plastic wagon with wheels repaired with bottle stoppers,
Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a boy, 4.2007, H 7.5 cm, L 13 cm.
202. Train light, made with paint box fixed on a plank and a candle, long thread
in which passengers take place, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
made by a 9 year old boy, 10.2007, H 15 cm, L 38 cm, D 11 cm.

201

202

203. Train transporting phosphates, 15 sardine cans connected by a green wire

and filled with sand, piece of a radio serves as driving panel, made by an 11
year old boy, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 12.2007, L 236 cm..

203

67
204. Helicopter, reed mill with one wing and a thread to rotate it continuously,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a boy, 8.2006, H 20 cm, L
wing 14 cm.
205. Helicopter, reed mill with two cross-shaped wings, thread to rotate it
continuously, made by a boy, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
8.2006, H 15 cm, L wing 13.5 cm.

204

205

206. Helicopter, reed with a wing on both sides, thread to rotate it continuously,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a boy, 8.2006, H 22 cm, L
wing 13 cm.
207. Helicopter, piece of reed, bottle stoppers, corn cob, with thread to rotate it
continuously, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a boy,
8.2006, H 9 cm, L wing 5.5 cm.

206

207

68
208. Tractor, tin can, wire, rubber bands, cardboard, sardines tin, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a boy, 10.2007, H 11 cm, L tractor
15 cm, B 9 cm.
208

209. Tanker truck for transporting water, structure: yellow rubber as cabin, two
seats carved in white iron, long nail with bottle stopper as wheel, plastic
horn on top of the cabin, tank: Supertox insecticide can, chassis: plank,
axles: wire, wheels: bottle stoppers, made by a 12 year old boy, village
Igsel (Guelmim, Pre-Sahara), 2007, H 12 cm, L 25 cm, B 15 cm.
209

69
210. Car, brush handle, steering wheel: iron wire surrounded by green plastic
rope, double wheel of a buggy, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
made by a 10 year old boy, 2007, H 98 cm, D steering wheel 12 cm.
211. Truck with tilt-cab, a toy truck chassis topped with a cardboard box, made
by a 3 year old boy after watching such a truck, village Ikenwn, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 2007, H 9 cm, L 16 cm.
211

212. Truck for transporting vegetables, planks, iron wire, tin pieces, wooden
wheels, feather, made by an 11 year old boy, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 2006, H 17 cm, L 35 cm, B 15 cm.
212

70
213. Car, stick, piece of yellow plastic pipe, 2
large black wheels of a tricycle, made by a 9
year old boy, village Igsel (Guelmim, PreSahara), 2007, H 72 cm, L 25 cm, D wheel
17 cm.
214. Car, stick, wheel: tin can cover and bottle
stopper attached with a nail, made by a 9
year old boy, village Douar (Tan-Tan),
Moroccan Sahara, 2.2007, L 39 cm, D 10
cm.
215. Car, red plastic pipe and stick, wheel: metal
cover and bottle stopper attached with a
nail, made by a 7 year old boy, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 12.2006, L
70 cm, D 6.5 cm.
216. Car, red plastic pipe and stick, wheel:
plastic cover and bottle stopper attached
with a nail, made by a 7 year old boy,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
12.2006, L 80 cm, D 10 cm.
215

216

213

71
217. Car, red plastic pipe and stick, 2 wheels: pieces of plastic bottles and bottle
stoppers, made by a 7 year old boy, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
12.2006, L 85 cm, B 34 cm.

217

218. Car for tourists, cardboard, paint, pencils and sticks, 4 wheels: bottle
stoppers and pieces of rubber, made by an 8 year old boy, village Ikenwn,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H 10 cm, W 19 cm, B 13 cm.

218

72
219. 4x4 car, plastic box and box of polystyrene, wheels and headlights: bottle
stoppers, axles: plastic coated electric wire, benches: cardboard, made by a
9 year old boy, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H 15 cm, L 21
cm, B19 cm.

219
220. Car made with a piece of
wood, 5 wheels of bottle
stoppers attached with
screws, made by an 11 year
old boy, Lahfart village,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006,
L 11 cm, B 9.5 cm.
221. Racecar, piece of plastic,
bottle stoppers as 4 wheels
and steering wheel, bent
wire held by piece of reed,
made by a 9 year old boy,
Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 2006, L 17 cm, B
220
6 cm.
222. Car with caravan, sardine cans, bottle stoppers wheels, axles reed or wire,
made by a 10 year old boy, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 10.2007, L 26
cm, B 9 cm.

73
223. Car, tin can as wheel box, iron rod and wire, made by a 9 year old boy, Sidi
Ifni, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 4.2006, L 72 cm, B 10 cm.
223

74
224. Bulldozer, sardine cans, piece of plastic, iron wire, wheels: bottle stoppers,
made by an 8 year old boy, village Terloulou, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 3.2006,
H 13 cm, L 20 cm.
224

225. Truck, iron wire, made by a 5 year old girl of a family originally from
Tiznit, Bir Gandouz Jdid, Sahara, 3.2008, H 15 cm, L 10 cm.
225

75
226. Paper boats (2), made by girls and boys, Lahfart village, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 2001, H 6 cm, L 15 cm.
226

227. Car of a wealthy family (dolls 85-86), plastic, village Douar Ouaraben,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, H 3.5 cm, L 11 cm.

Toys for games of skill 228-248

Note: an article with 61 photos analyzes some games of skill in Morocco and the
Tunisian Sahara: Rossie, J-P. (2001/2004). Games of physical skill from
the Tunisian Sahara and Morocco: anthropological research and physical
education for peace. Adapted 2004 version.
228. Top, plastic bottle stopper, ballpoint cap, plastic wire, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a 9 year old boy, 12.2007, H 8 cm, D 5.
228

229

230

76
229. Top, wood and tin, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by wood turner,
2007, H 10 cm, D 10.5 cm Top, 2 plastic bottle stoppers, nail, nut and
thread, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a boy, 8.2006, H 5
cm, D 5 cm.
230. Top, 2 plastic bottle stoppers, nail, nut and thread, village Ikenwn, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, made by a boy, 8.2006, H 5 cm, D 5 cm.
231. Top, plastic bottle stopper, piece of toothpaste tube, PVC tube, piece of iron
and plastic thread, village Igsel, Guelmim (Pre-Sahara), made by a 12 year
old boy, 8.2006, H 12 cm, D 5 cm.
231

232. Top, the top of a flattened tin spray, plastic tip, iron wire, made by a 7 year
old boy, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 7.2006, H 8 cm, D 6 cm.

232

233. Plastic spinning top, made in China, Tan-Tan, 2005, H 7 cm, D 5 cm.
233

77

234. Rotating wheel on a thread, shoeshine box, made by a 7 year old boy,
village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 7.2006, D 7 cm.
235. Stick turning on finger, made by a 7 year old boy, village Ikenwn, AntiAtlas, Amazigh, 7.2006, L 45 cm.

234

235

236. Catapult, forked twig and rubber, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
made by a boy, 2007, L 53 cm.
237. Catapult, forked twig and rubber, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh,
made by a boy, 2006, L 36 cm.
236

238. Reed rifle with elastic and wooden projectile, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a 12 year old boy, 7.2006, reed L 19 cm, projectile L 25
cm D 2.5 cm.
239. Slingshot, braided rope, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a
15 year old boy, 10.2007, L 65 cm.

237

78

238

239

240. Bow and arrow, bow: branch and string cut from bicycle tube, reed arrow,
made by an 8 year old boy, Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, arrow L
44 cm arrow.
240

241. Sword of Indian from America, wood, wire and strip, village Douar (TanTan), Moroccan Sahara, 2.2007, L 38 cm.
241

79
242. Sticks for sig game (8) pyrographed decoration, Saharawi game from the
age of about 12 years onwards, Tan-Tan, Moroccan Sahara, made by an
adult woman, 9.2005, L 28 cm, B 1.5 cm.
242

243. Game with stones (mriba) of Sahrawi children, Tan-Tan, Moroccan Sahara,
9.2005.

243

80
244. Game with 5 stones (khamisa), of Sahrawi children, Tan-Tan, Moroccan
Sahara, 9.2005.
244

245. Toy windmill, piece of reed

and cardboard wings, village
Terloulou, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, 3.2006, H 41 cm.
See Rossie, J-P. (2008).
Saharan and North African toy
and Play Cultures. Domestic
life in play, games and toys, p.
328.

245

81
246. Parachute, plastic bag and long thread, made by boys and girls, Sidi Ifni,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 11.2006.
246

247. Kite, sticks, plastic bags and long thread, made by boys and girls, Sidi Ifni,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 4.2006.
247

82
248. Package of 4 cards with Pokmon and football decoration, boys, Sidi Ifni,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2007.
248

Toy communication items 249-251

Note: a description of toy communication items is found in Rossie, J-P. (2013).
Saharan and North African toy and Play Cultures. Technical activities in
play, games and toys, p. 246-247.
249. Set of 2 phones in clayish earth powdered with ashes, village Ikenwn,
Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, copy of a childhood toy made by a young woman,
2006, telephone: H 8 cm, L 11 cm.

249

83
250. Mobile phone, fired clay, pearl buttons, made by a 14 year old girl, village
Lahfart, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2006, H 10 cm, L 3.5 cm.
251. Maroc Tlcom agency, 10 calling cards and tape, village Douar
Ouaraben, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a 11 year old boy, 10.2007, H 16
cm, L 8.5 cm, B 5.5 cm.
250

251

Toys for the Ashura feast and masquerade 252-263

Note: a description of the toys for the holiday of Ashura and the masquerade is
found in Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play
Cultures. Domestic life in play, games and toys, p. 311-321.
252. Plastic bull to spray water, industrially
made, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, toy
of a girl, 2006, H 10 cm.

252

84
253. Tambourine for Ashura, bought at the market for 10 dirhams ( 1), made by
craftsman, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2008, H 4.5 cm, D 18.5 cm.
254. Tambourine with jingles for Ashura, bought at the market for 10 dirhams (
1), made by craftsman, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 1.2008, H 5.5 cm, D
20 cm.
253
254

255. Doll wife of Baba Ashur, bone of sheep leg, white upper garment and scarf
with big floral decoration, made by a 31 year old woman (still made in
2012), village Omar bel Ayachi (Chemaa region), 1.2008, H 29 cm, B
arms 12.5 cm.
256. Doll Baba Ashur, bone of sheep leg, white upper garment and turban with
big floral decoration, made by a 31 year old woman (still made in 2012),
village Omar bel Ayachi (Chemaa region), 1.2008, H 27 cm, B arms 26
cm.
255

256

85
257. Mask for childrens masquerade, cardboard, sheep's wool and thread,
Tiznit, made by a boy, 1.2008, H 32 cm, L 30 cm.
258. Mask for childrens masquerade representing a cat, cardboard, sheep wool
for the mustache, facial features drawn, wire, Tiznit, made by a 10 year old
boy, 1.2008, H 45 cm, L 39 cm.
259. Mask for childrens masquerade, cardboard, sheep's wool and ribbon,
Tiznit, made by a boy, 1.2008, H 25 cm, L 29 cm.
257

258

259

260. Mask for childrens masquerade representing an elephant, designed

features, cardboard, sheep's wool and ribbon, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas,
Amazigh, made by a boy of 8 years, 1.2008, H 35 cm, L 70 cm.
261. Mask for childrens masquerade representing Baba Nol (Father
Christmas), cardboard, sheep's wool and thread, Tiznit, made by a 6 year
old boy, 1.2008, H 39 cm, L 34 cm.

86
260

261

262. Mask for childrens masquerade, cardboard, designed mans facial features,
sheep's wool and thread, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made by a
5 year old boy, 1.2008, H 29 cm, L 37 cm
262

87
263. Mask for childrens masquerade representing a man, bottom of cardboard
box, sheep's wool and ribbon, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, made
by a boy of 8 years, 1.2008, H 34 cm, L 22 cm, B 16 cm.
263

Other toys 264-265

264. Glasses, created with a single wire, a copy of glasses made by a 5 year old
boy, village Imjd, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 8.2006, H 4 cm, L 12 cm
265. Monkey hitting a tambourine (McDonalds gift), second hand toy, village
Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2007, H 13 cm.
265

264

88

Other objects 266-268

266. Candle for wedding party, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, handicraft, 2005,
H 25 cm.
267. Bark strip package to be chewed to care for teeth and gums, Tiznit, 2006.
268. Postcards showing Moroccan children (about 30), 1995-2007.

Moroccan childrens toys: Donation to the

Centro per la Cultura Ludica of Turin in 2010
Note: in preparation of the exposition Rves dEnfants, four Moroccan children's
toys have been added to the donation for the Centro per la Cultura Ludica.
The children made these toys between 2006 and 2009.
269. Table, clay, village Ikenwn, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 2.2009 (table at the
right of the photo), H = 3.5 cm, D = 9 cm.

269

270. Tent made by a boy to sell to girls, Tiznit, 2006, H 21 cm, L 30 cm. See
Rossie, J-P. (2013). Saharan and North African toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys, fig. 403, p. 75.
270

89
271. Hourglass used for pretend play, Sidi Ifni, Anti-Atlas, Amazigh, 6.2007, H
19 cm. See Rossie, J-P. (2013). Saharan and North African toy and Play
Cultures. Technical activities in play, games and toys, p. 237.
271

272. Doll in festive dress, made by a girl of 8 years, Lahfart, Anti-Atlas,

Amazigh, 11.2009. This doll is special in having three strips cut from the
reed and being put in a slightly oblique position so that the doll can stand
upright. This I a way of making a doll standing up that I saw for the first
time. However, Khalija Jariaa said she did this as a child in the 1980s and
that it it still done today in Ikenwn. To do this the girls use a green reed
because wooden strips are flexible. Once the strips are cutout, a bottle
stopper is fixed between them tht they keep an oblique position when
drying. H 23 cm, B arm 6.5.
.

90

272

272

91

Photographers
Khalija Jariaa took the photos of the numbers:
30, 106, 110, 182, 183, 189, 201, 202, 203, 215, 217, 223, 224, 241, 246, 255,
257, 260, 270 and 271.
Jean-Pierre Rossie made the other photos.

References
The publications of Rossie J-P. are available on:
Academia.edu : https://independent.academia.edu/JeanPierreRossie
Scribd : https://www.scribd.com/jean_pierre_rossie
Sanatoyplay : http://www.sanatoyplay.org (publications)
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2014). How to Make More Published Research True. PLOS
Medicine, Volume 11, Issue 10, p. 1-6, e1001747, doi: 10.1371,
journal.pmed. 1001747 (www.plosmedicine.org) (retrieved on 2015-01-20 from
https://www.academia.edu/s/b2e796fba7e2dd5e44751e9cabbf772c ).
Magalhes, L. & Rossie, J-P. (2014). Children as toy makers and toy users:
Television relevance in Moroccan rural child play. In Childhood Remixed: a
special edition with papers drawn from the international Children and
Childhoods Conference held at UCS, July 2013, Suffolk: Childhood Remixed
Journal, University Campus, February 2014, 112, p. 77-85 (article available at
http://www.ucs.ac.uk/SchoolsAndNetwork/UCSSchools/SchoolofAppliedSocialSciences/iSEE
D/Childhood-Remixed-Journal-2014.pdf).

Rossie, J-P. (2004). Games of physical skill from the Tunisian Sahara and
Morocco: anthropological research and physical education for peace, 64 ill.
Adapted version of the 2001 edition.
Rossie, J-P. (2005). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Children's dolls and doll play. Foreword by Dominique Champault,
Stockholm International Toy Research Centre, Stockholm: Royal Institute of
Technology, 328, 163 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2005). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures. The
animal world in play, games and toys. Foreword by Theo van Leeuwen,
Stockholm International Toy Research Centre, Stockholm: Royal Institute of
Technology, 219, 107 ill.

92
Rossie, J-P. (2008). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Domestic life in play, games and toys. Foreword by Gilles Brougre,
Stockholm International Toy Research Centre, Stockholm: Royal Institute of
Technology, 438 p., 410 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2011). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Commented bibliography on play, games and toys. Stockholm International
Toy Research Centre, Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology, 72.
Rossie, J-P. (2013). Saharan and North African Toy and Play Cultures.
Technical activities in play, games and toys. Foreword by Sudarshan Khanna,
Braga: Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of
Philosophy, Catholic University of Portugal, 360, 350 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2013). Toys, Play, Culture and Society. An anthropological
approach with reference to North Africa and the Sahara. Foreword by Brian
Sutton-Smith, Stockholm International Toy Research Centre, Stockholm:
Royal Institute of Technology, 256, 144 ill. digitized version of the 2005
edition with the original color photographs.
Rossie, J-P. (2013). Rves dEnfants. Jeux et Jouets de lAnti-Atlas et du
Sahara : brochure pour lexposition rves denfants Turin. 55, 57 ill.
Rossie, J-P. (2015). Saharan North African Amazigh Childrens Toy
Catalogs: Donation to Centro per la Cultura Ludica in Turin. Braga: Centre
for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy, Catholic
University of Portugal, 93, 179 ill.

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Index of places and populations

The references of the index can be found by using the search function.
Amazigh
Anti-Atlas
Aourir
Berber, see Amazigh
Bir Gandouz Jdid

Midelt
Omar bel Ayachi
Oulad Jerrar
Pre-Sahara

Douar (Tan-Tan)
Douar Ouaraben
Guelmim
Idoubahman-Imjd
Ifrane a/s (Atlas Saghrir/Anti-Atlas)
Igsel
Ignern
Ikenwn
Imjd
Lahfart

Safi
Sahara
Sahrawi
Sidi Ifni
Tan-Tan
Tafraoute
Terloulou
Tighmi
Timgrad
Tiznit