Answers for Questions

Reduction and Oxidation

6.
Reaction
starch-iodide + reducing agent
iron(III) chloride to iron(II)
chloride
chlorine to hydrogen chloride
copper(II) oxide to copper
potassium dichromate(VI) +
oxidising agent
iron to rust

Colour change
no change (no reaction)
pale yellow to green
greenish-yellow to white fumes
black to reddish-brown
no change (no reaction)
grey to reddish-brown

7. (a) (i) hydrogen sulphide, iron(II) sulphate and sulphur dioxide.

(b) Add chlorine to solutions of all three. Potassium chloride gives no reaction, potassium
bromide turns orange due to the formation of bromine and potassium iodide turns dark
brown due to the formation of iodine.
8. (a) (i) Oxidised: Each Na atom loses 1 electron to become a Na + ion.
(ii) Reduced: Each Pb2+ ion gains 2 electrons to become a Pb atom.
(iii) Neither oxidation or reduction.
(b) (i) 3Mg(s) + 2Fe3+(aq) 2Fe(s) + 3Mg2+(aq)
(ii) Iron(III) ions. Their oxidation state decreases from +3 to 0 in the reaction.
9. (a) Oxidation state of chromium in chromium(III) oxide is +3.
(b) Cr2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Cr
(c) From the equation, 1 mol of Cr2O3 will form 2 mol of Cr.
Ar of Cr = 52; Mr of Cr2O3 = 152
950000
52
Number of moles of 950 kg of Cr =
= 18269
18269
2
Number of moles of Cr2O3 =
= 9134.5
Minimum amount of Cr2O3 needed to make 950 kg of Cr
= 9134.5 152
= 1388444 g
= 1388 kg
10. (a) Cu2O(s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4(aq) + Cu(s) + H2O(l)
(b) The oxidation state of copper changes from +1 to 0 and also from +1 to +2.
(c) Both oxidised and reduced.
(d) A substance is both oxidised and reduced in a disproportionation reaction.

Metals
3.

(a) C > A > B > D

(b) B and D
(c) Electrolysis of the molten ore
4. (a) (i) Bubbles (effervescence) of hydrogen gas and a green solution formed after some
time.

Ni(s) + 2HCl(aq) NiCl2(aq) + H2(g)

(ii) No reaction occurs.
(b) (i) No reaction occurs.
(ii) Copper is displaced as a reddish-brown solid and a green solution of nickel(II) nitrate is
formed.
(c) (i) Magnesium
(ii) Most reactive to least reactive: Mg, Ni, Cu
5.

(a) A: haematite; B: carbon (coke); C: limestone (calcium carbonate): D: air (oxygen);

E: carbon dioxide: F: carbon monoxide; G: calcium oxide.
(b) CaO(s) + SiO2(s) CaSiO3(l)
(c) Reduction of haematite to iron:
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(l) + 3CO2(g)
Carbon monoxide is the reducing agent.
(d) (i) Hydrogen is formed from the reaction of steam with iron.
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
(ii) It forms an explosive mixture with oxygen in the blast furnace. It can burn in oxygen
and cause explosions in the blast furnace.
(e) Nickel or chromium

6.

(a) To ensure that it is sulphur dioxide that is causing the corrosion.

(b) A change in appearance of metal is observed.
(c) Magnesium. It is the most reactive of the three metals.

Periodic Table
4. (a) Number of valence electrons determines the group; number of electron shell determines
period.
(b) (i) Increase in melting points / boiling points
Cl gas
Br liquid
I solid
(ii) Decrease in reactivity
Cl2 can displace Br2 from NaBr(aq)
Br2 can displace I2 from NaI(aq)
(c) (i) 3Br2 + 6NaOH 5NaBr + NaBrO3 + 3H2O
(ii) Reddish-brown to colourless
5. (a) (i) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
(ii) Oxidation number of manganese reduced from +4 to +2; oxidation number of chlorine
increased from 1 to 0.
(b) (i) Colourless
(ii) Colourless
(c) At T bromine and at R iodine are formed.
Cl2 (g) + 2KBr(aq) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
Br2(g) + 2KI(aq) 2KBr(aq) + I2(s)
Cl2(g) + 2KI(aq) 2KCl(aq) + I2(s)

(d) Chlorine, bromine and iodine are poisonous.