STRING OPERATION AND INSTRUCTION PREFIX (Move block, reverse

string,Sorting, inserting, deleting, length of the string, string comparison)

Aim: Write an ALP to perform the following String operations
(a) Moving a Block of strings
(b) String reversal
(c) Comparison of Two Strings
(d) Reading a String from Keyboard & Displays the Length
(e) To insert a Character before one character in a String
(f) To Delete First Character of a String
(g) Sorting 16-Bit Unsigned values in Ascending Order
(h) Sorting 16-Bit signed values in Ascending Order
(i) Sorting 16-Bit Unsigned values in Descending Order
(j) Sorting 16-Bit signed values in Descending Order
Apparatus: TASM /MASM soft ware
Personal computer
(a)Moving a Block of strings
Algorithm:
1. Store the data in some memory location in data segment
2. Initialize the register which contains the source address in DATA SEGMENT.
3. Initialize the register which contains the destination address in EXTRA SEGMENT.
4. Store the count.
5. Perform the CLD (clear the direction flag).
6. Perform repeat operation.
7. Use string instruction to move the contents from one location to another location.
8. Stop the program.
Program:

DATA SEGMENT
SRC DB MICROPROCESSOR
DB 10 DUP (?)
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DST DB 20 DUP (0)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA, ES: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV ES, AX
LEA SI, SRC
LEA DI, DST
MOV CX, 20
CLD
REP
MOVSB
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
Assembly Language Program after execution:
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Before Execution: SRC DB MICROPROCESSOR
After Execution: DST DB MICROPROCESSOR

(b)String reversal
Algorithm:
1. Store the data in some memory location in data segment
2. Initialize a register which contain the source address in DATA SEGMENT.
3. Initialize a register which contain the destination address.
4. Store the count.
Add the count to source register to get the last value.
5. Get the value from source location to one register
6. Store the value from that register to destination location specified by destination
register.
7. Decrement source register
8. Increment destination register
9. Decrement count
10. If the count is not zero repeat the steps 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 operations.
11. Stop the program.
Program:
DATA SEGMENT
ORG 2000H
SRC DB MICROPROCESSOR$
COUNT EQU ($-SRC)
DEST DB ?
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE,DS:DATA
START: MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CX, COUNT

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LEA SI,SRC
LEA DI,DEST
ADD SI,CX
DEC CX
BACK: MOV AL,[SI]
MOV [DI],AL
DEC SI
INC DI
DEC CX
JNZ BACK
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
Assembly Language Program after execution:
Before Execution: ORG 2000H
SRC DB MICROPROCESSOR$
After Execution: DESTINATION 2010H
DEST DB $ROSSECORPORCIM
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(c)Comparison of Two Strings
Algorithm:
1. Store one string in data segment and one string in extra segment
2. Initialize the register which contains the source address in DATA SEGMENT.

3. Initialize the register which contains the destination address in EXTRA SEGMENT.
4. Store the count.
5. Perform the CLD (clear the direction flag).
6. Compare the two string contents one by one up to zero flag bit equals to 1
7. If they are not equal give output as (M2 DB STRINGS R NOT EQUAL$ other wise
M1
DB STRINGS R EQUAL$)
8. Stop the program.
Program:
PRINTSTRING MACRO MSG
MOV AH, 09H
MOV DX,OFFSET MSG
INT 21H
ENDM
DATA SEGMENT
STR1 DB MICROPROCESSORS
LEN EQU ($-STR1)
STR2 DB MICROPROCSSOR
MSG1 DB STRINGS R EQUAL$
MSG2 DB STRINGS R NOT EQUAL$
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA,ES:DATA
START: MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV ES,AX
LEA SI,STR1

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LEA DI,STR2
MOV CX,LEN
CLD
REPE
CMPSB
JNE FAIL
PRINTSTRING MSG1
INT 3H
FAIL: PRINTSTRING MSG2
INT 3H
CODE ENDS
END START
Assembly Language Program after execution:
Before Execution: STR1 DB MICROPROCESSORS
STR2 DB MICROPROCSSOR
After Execution: MSG2 DB STRINGS R NOT EQUAL$
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(d)Reading a String from Keyboard & Displays the Length
Algorithm:
1. Create a Macro to display message.
2. Store the message1& 2 indicate entering the string, length of the string.
3. Initialize data segment to display message1to give suggestion to enter the data
from
keyboard.

4. Initialize the count register.

5. Reading a key from keyboard use DOS command.
6. Compare content in the accumulator with ENTER (enter key). If zero flag is set
display
message 2 otherwise increment count register then go to step 5.
7. Initialize the offset register to load the length of the string.
8. Use DOS command to display the length of the string.
9. Stop the program
Program:
DISP MACRO MSG
MOV AH,09H
MOV DX,OFFSET MSG
INT 21H
ENDM
DATA SEGMENT
ENTER EQU 0DH
LF EQU 0AH
LEN DB 04 DUP(0)
MSG1DB 10,13, 'ENTER THE STRING INPUT: ', '$'
MSG2 DB CR,LF, 'THE LENTH OF THE STRING INPUT: ', '$'
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
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ASSUME CS:CODE; DS:DATA
START:MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX

DISP MSG1
MOV CX,0000H ;Count For Length Of Before Execution String
RDKEY:MOV AH,01H
INT 21H
CMP AL,CR ;If Typed Key Is Not CR (Enter Key)
JE AHEAD
INC CX ; Increment Count
JMP RDKEY ;Read A Key Until CR Was Pressed
AHEAD:DISP MSG2
MOV SI,OFFSET LEN
MOV AX,CX
CALL HEX2ASCI ; Call a Near Procedure
DISP LEN
MOV AX,4C00H
INT 21H
This procedure converts HEXADECIMAL number to ASCII number
HEX2ASCI PROC NEAR
MOV BX,0001H
MOV DX,0000H
DIV BX
ADD DL, '0'
ADD AL,'0'
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MOV [SI],AL
MOV [SI+1],DL

MOV AL,'$'
MOV [SI+2],AL
RET
HEX2ASCI ENDP
CODE ENDS
END START
Assembly Language Program after execution:
Before Execution: ENTER STRING: SITEECEDEPT
After Execution: LENGTH OF THE STRING IS :0B
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(e)Insert a Character before end of String
Algorithm:
1. Initialize the data segment with the string and data which is to be inserted
2. Initialize the index register with the string address
3. Load the value from string in to the accumulator
4. Compare content in the accumulator with the '$'. If zero flag is set read the
character in to
the base register otherwise increment the index register and then go to step 3.
5. Load the data which is to be inserted into the base register from memory location
6. Increment index register
7. Load the base register content to the memory location
8. Stop the program.
Program:
DATA SEGMENT
CHAR DB 'F'; CHARACTER TO BE INSERTED
STRNG DB 'ABCDE','$'

DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START: MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
LEA SI,STRNG ;point to string
NXT:MOV AL,[SI] ;check for end of the string
CMPAL,'$'
JE INSERT ;if string is at the end insert character
INC SI
JMP NXT
INSERT: MOV BL,CHAR
MOV [SI],BL
INC SI
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MOV BL,'$'
MOV [SI],BL REINSERT
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
CODE ENDS
END START
Assembly Language Program after execution:
Before Execution: Before Executing Program Strng is ABCDE$
After Execution: After Executing String is ABCDEF$
(f)Delete First Character of given String

Algorithm:
1. Initialize the data segment with the string N
2. Load the count register with N
3. Decrement the count register to indicate the length of the string
4. Initialize the index register to load the string
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5.Load the accumulator with the content in the memory location specified by the
incremented
index register
6. Increment index register and decrement count. If the count is not zero go to step
5.
7. Stop the program.
Program:
DATA SEGMENT
STRNG DB 'ABCD',24H
SLEN EQU ( $ - STRNG) ;LENGTH OF THE STRING
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA
START:MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV CX,SLEN
DEC CX
MOV SI,OFFSET STRNG
NXT:MOV AL,[SI+1]
MOV [SI],AL

INC SI
DEC CX
JNZ NXT
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
CODE ENDS
END START
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Assembly Language Program after execution:
Before Execution: ABCD
After Execution: BCD
(g)Sorting16-Bit unsigned values in Ascending order
Algorithm:
1. Start the program.
2. Load count to CL register & copy the value into CH
3. Initialize source index register (SI)
4. Get the content from the specified memory location to accumulator
4. Compare the content of accumulator with content in the incremented SI
5. If the carry flag is SET then go for the next value step 7
6. Exchange the contents of accumulator and incremented SI
7. Increment SI by two
8. Decrement the count by one
9. Repeat the same procedure until the count equal to zero.
10. Stop the program.
Program:

DATA SEGMENT
NUM DW 0034H, 0056H, 0015H, 0038H, 0093H
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DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CL,05H
LOOP1: MOV CH,CL
MOV SI, OFFSET NUM
LOOP2: MOV AX,[SI]
CMP AX,2[SI]
JC LOOP3
XCHG AX,2[SI]
XCHG AX,[SI]
LOOP3:INC SI
INC SI
DEC CH
JNZ LOOP2
DEC CL
JNZ LOOP1
MOV AX, 4C00H
INT 21H
CODE ENDS

END START
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Assembly Language Program after execution:
Before Execution:
0000H - 0034H 0002H - 0056H 0004H- 0015H 0006H- 0038H
0008H- 0093H
After Execution:
0000H -0015H 0002H-0034H 0004H - 0038H 0006H - 0056H
0008H - 0093H
(h)Sorting 16-Bit signed values in ascending order
Algorithm:
1. Start the program.
2. Move count to CL register & copy the value into CH
3. Initialize source index register (SI)
4. Compare the content of accumulator with content in the incremented SI
5. If it is less (accumulator content is small one) go for getting next content step 7
otherwise
go for step 6
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6. Exchange the contents of accumulator and incremented SI other wise
7. Increment SI by two
8. Decrement the count by one
9. Repeat the same procedure until the count equal to zero.
10. Stop the program
Program:

DATA SEGMENT
NUM DW 9034H, 0056H, 0015H, 8038H, 0093H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START: MOV AX, DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV CL,05H
LOOP1: MOV CH,CL
MOV SI, OFFSET NUM
LOOP2: MOV AX,[SI]
CMP AX,2[SI]
JL LOOP3
XCHG AX,2[SI]
XCHG AX,[SI]
LOOP3:INC SI
INC SI
DEC CH
JNZ LOOP2
DEC CL
JNZ LOOP1
MOV AX, 4C00H
INT 21H
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CODE ENDS

END START
Assembly Language Program after execution:
Before Execution:
0000H - 0056H, 0002H - 0015H, 0004H- 9034H 0006H- 8038H
0008H- 0093H
After Execution:
0000H - 8038H 0002H - 9034H 0004H- 0015H, 0006H - 0056H,
0008H - 0093H,
(i)Sorting 16-Bit Unsigned values in descending order
Algorithm:
1. Start the program.
2. Move count to CL register & copy the value into CH
3. Initialize source index register (SI)
4. Compare the content of accumulator with content specified by SI
5. If the carry flag is not SET go for the next content step 7
6. Exchange the contents of accumulator and incremented SI
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7. Increment SI by two
8. Decrement the count by one
9. Repeat the same procedure until the count equal to zero.
10. Stop the program
Program:
DATA SEGMENT
NUM DW 0034H,0056H,0015H,0038H,0093H,
CNT EQU 04H

DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA,ES:DATA
START: MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV CX,CNT
LOOP1:MOV CH,CL
MOV SI,NUM
LOOP2:MOV AX,[SI]
CMP AX,2[SI]
JNC LOOP3
XCHG AX,2[SI]
XCHG AX,[SI]
LOOP3:INC SI
INC SI
DEC CH
JNZ LOOP2
DEC CL
JNZ LOOP1
INT 03
CODE ENDS
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END START
Assembly Language Program after execution:
Before Execution:

0000H - 0034H 0002H - 0056H 0004H- 0015H 0006H- 0038H

0008H- 0093H
After Execution:
0000H - 0093H 0002H- 0056H 0004H - 0038H 0006H - 0034H
0008H - 0015H
(j)Sorting 16-Bit Signed values in Descending Order
Algorithm:
1. Start the program.
2. Move count to CL register & copy the value into CH
3. Initialize source index register (SI)
4. Compare the content of accumulator with content in the incremented SI
5. If the carry flag is not SET go for getting the next content step 7
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6. Exchange the contents of accumulator and incremented SI
7. Increment SI by two
8. Decrement the count by one
9. Repeat the same procedure until the count equal to zero.
10. Stop the program
Program:
DATA SEGMENT
NUM DW 9034H, 0056H, 0015H, 8038H, 0093H
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATA
START:MOV AX, DATA

MOV DS, AX
MOV CL,05H
LOOP1:MOV CH,CL
MOV SI, OFFSET NUM
LOOP2:MOV AX,[SI]
CMP AX,2[SI]
JG LOOP3
XCHG AX,2[SI]
XCHG AX,[SI]
LOOP3:INC SI
INC SI
DEC CH
JNZ LOOP2
DEC CL
JNZ LOOP1
MOV AX, 4C00H
INT 21H
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CODE ENDS
END START