Introduction to .

Net
UNDERSTANDING .NET FRAMEWORK

Definition
The .Net framework can be defined as a language neutral platform designed to
provide a number of rich and powerful application development tools and
technologies. It has an extensive class library that provides wide-ranging support
for data access.
.Net framework has an independent code execution and management environment
called the Common Language Runtime (CLR) which ensures that code is safe to
run, and provides an abstract layer on top of the operating system, which allows
the elements of the .Net framework to run on many operating systems and devices.
The .Net vision
The basic
idea behind the development of the .Net framework is that a global broadband
network will someday globally connect all devices and the software will become a
service provided over this network.
The .Net framework provides the foundation and the plumbing on which the
Microsoft .Net vision is built. The vision is about having a global network and
open standards like XML to make it easier for parties to exchange data and work
together. Now devices will use common languages like XML over standardized or
shared protocols such as HTTP and these devices will be running a multitude of
software on various operating systems. This is not limited to Microsoft but also to
other operating systems such as sun, IBM.
The .Net framework provides the tools and the technologies needed to write
applications that can seamlessly and easily communicate over the Internet using
open standards like XML and SOAP. It also aims at solving the various problems
that are faced by developers while working on applications made using the
windows DNA. It provides a solution to problems such as registering of
components and shutting down applications in order to upgrade them.
Benefits of using .Net

Multiple platform Support .Net platform has been designed keeping multiple
platform support as a key feature. For
version 2.0 this means that the code
written using the .Net platform can run on all versions of Windows. i.e. Windows
98,95,NT,2000 and so on. Microsoft has included rich support for all the platforms.
Also this code shall also work on any 64-bit processor that may be used by
Microsoft later. It is also expected that .Net shall run on other platforms like UNIX
also, however it is not for sure that all functionality will be available for the same.
. Net as a clean start
On the windows platform, the technologies available
often depend on the programming language that they are written in, so they are
very different. Depending on the chosen programming language, these
technologies can be restrictive.
The problem with this approach is that it makes the Windows platform harder to
understand. Using .Net there is just one simple object oriented way of accessing
the functionality of the .Net Framework.
Performance
.Net has been designed to provide great performance and
scalability. For .Net to succeed, the companies must be able to migrate their
applications and not suffer due to the way the CLR works. To ensure this CLR
converts the code into native machine code. So the conversion can take step-bystep method and will make use of the given machines resources and processor
features.
As newer versions of the CLR are released and technologies like
windows forms are released, each release will have a better performance and
smaller memory footprints. Also .Net has succeeded in replacing completely the
older technologies like COM with better and efficient design equivalents. At the
heart of the .Net platform is the CLR.

.NET FRAMEWORK DRILL DOWN

The .Net framework consists of four major areas:
1. Application development technologies

2. Class libraries
3. Base class libraries
4. The Common Language Runtime
Application Development Technologies
.Net offers technologies for building web applications, providing many new
features and a much cleaner programming model. The two main features are:
Web Services: These are programmable business logic components that serve as
black boxes to provide access to functionality via the Internet using the standard
protocols such as HTTP. Web services are based on the application of XML called
the SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
Windows forms: For developing standard GUI applications, the .Net Framework
provides the window forms. Window forms are an extensive class library that
exposes the functionality of the Windows common Controls using the Object
Oriented capabilities of .net Framework.
Class libraries
The .Net
Framework provides an extensive set of class libraries. This includes classes for:
Data access:
High performance data access classes for connecting to SQL server, ORACLE or
any other database for which OLEDB or ODBC provider is available.
XML Support: It includes next generation XML support.
Base Class Libraries: The base class library in the .Net framework is huge. It
covers areas such as collections; thread support, code generation, IO, reflection and
many more.
Common Language Runtime
The CLR proves to be one of the most radical tools use in the .Net Framework. It is
a language neutral platform that converts code generated by all the languages in the
.Net platform to a language called the (IL) Intermediate Language. This is further
converted into the native machine language. The CLR enables the .Net framework

to run on a number of different devices. It forms an intermediate layer between the

operating system and the .Net Framework.
Security Implementation
Authentication is the process of determining the identity of a user based
on the users credentials. The users credentials are usually in the form of user I
and password, which is checked against any credentials' store such as database. If
the credentials provided by the user are valid, then the user is considered an
authenticated user.
1. Windows Authentication: It provides information on how to
use Windows authentication in conjunction with Microsoft Internet Information
Services (IIS) authentication to secure ASP.NET applications.
Why Windows Authentication:
Windows authentication is generally used if the users accessing the application
belong to same organization.
This authentication method uses Windows accounts for validating users'
credentials. This type of authentication is very good for intranet Web sites
where we know our users.

2. Forms Authentication: Forms authentication lets you authenticate users by

using your own code and then maintain an authentication token in a cookie or in
the page URL. Forms authentication participates in the ASP.NET page life cycle
through the Forms Authentication Module class.
If the user's credentials are valid, you can call methods of
the FormsAuthentication class to redirect the request back to the originally
requested resource with an appropriate authentication ticket (cookie). If you do
not want the redirection, you can just get the forms authentication cookie or set
it. On subsequent requests, the user's browser passes the authentication cookie
with the request, which then bypasses the login page.
Authorization: After successful authentication, deciding which resources a user
can access based on their identity and checking whether the authenticated user
has sufficient rights to access the requested resource is authorization.

TECHNOLOGIES USED:
1.1.1 Front End - ASP.NET 4.5
Why Frond-End ASP.NET?
1. ASP.NET is integrated with the .NET Framework
The .NET Framework is divided into an almost painstaking collection of
functional parts, with a staggering total of more than 10,000 types (the
.NET term for classes, structures, interfaces, and other core programming
ingredients). The massive collection of functionality that the .NET
Framework provides is organized in a way that traditional Windows
programmers will see as a happy improvement. Each one of the thousands
of classes in the .NET Framework is grouped into a logical, hierarchical
container called a namespace.
Different namespaces provide different features. Taken together, the .NET
namespaces offer functionality for nearly every aspect of distributed
development from message queuing to security. This massive toolkit is
called the class library.
2: ASP.NET Is Compiled, Not Interpreted
One of the major reasons for performance degradation in classic ASP pages
is its use of interpreted script code. Every time an ASP page is executed, a
scripting host on the web server needs to interpret the script code and
translate it to lower-level machine code, line by line. ASP.NET applications
are always compiledin fact, its impossible to execute C# or Visual Basic
code without it being compiled first.
3. ASP.NET Is Multilanguage
IL is a stepping stone for every managed application. (A managed
application is any application thats written for .NET and executes inside
the managed environment of the CLR.) In a sense, IL is the language of
.NET, and its the only language that the CLR recognizes.
4. ASP.NET Is Hosted by the Common Language Runtime
The most important aspect of the ASP.NET engine is that it runs inside the
runtime environment of the CLR.
5. ASP.NET Is Object-Oriented:

ASP provides a relatively feeble object model. It provides a small set of

objects; these objects are really just a thin layer over the raw details of
HTTP and HTML. On the other hand, ASP.NET is truly object-oriented.
Not only does your code have full access to all objects in the .NET
Framework, but you can also exploit all the conventions of an OOP (objectoriented programming) environment. For example, you can create reusable
classes, standardize code with interfaces, extend existing classes with
inheritance, and bundle useful functionality in a distributable, compiled
component.
6. ASP.NET Is Multi device and Multi browser:
One of the greatest challenges web developers face is the wide variety of
browsers they need to support. Different browsers, versions, and
configurations differ in their support of HTML. Web developers need to
choose whether they should render their content according to HTML 3.2,
HTML 4.0, or something else entirelysuch as XHTML 1.0 or even WML
(Wireless Markup Language) for mobile devices. This problem, fueled by
the various browser companies, has plagued developers since the World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C) proposed the first version of HTML. Life gets
even more complicated if you want to use an HTML extension such as
JavaScript to create a more dynamic page or provide validation.
1.2.2 Back End-SQL Server 2008
Why Back End SQLServer 2008?
Back end a description
The back-end comprises the components that process the output from
the front-end. Back-end is hidden from the user.
A back-end database is a database that is accessed by users indirectly
through an external application rather than by application programming
stored within the database itself or by low level manipulation of the data
(e.g. through SQL commands).
A back-end database stores data but does not include end-user
application elements such as stored queries, forms, macros or reports.

Hardware and Software Requirements

Server Hosting ASP.Net 4.5 application
o Windows 2003 Server or Windows 2000 Server with ASP.Net 4.5 and
SQL Server 2008 support
Client machine accessing ASP.Net 4.5 application
o Any machine that can access a webpage
Development machine for ASP.Net 4.5 application
o Operating System: Windows
o Software: Visual Studio 2012,Sql Server 2008
o Hardware: 160GB Hard Disk, 2GB RAM