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More specifically:
1. The protocol prohibits a lawyer or other representative for the accused
student from cross-examining any of the witnesses against the accused.
Although the Department of Educations guidance strongly discourages
allowing the accused to cross-examine the complainant personally, it
permits the accused students lawyer or other representative to do so, as
long as each side has equal rights to cross-examine. Cross-examination
has long been considered as perhaps the most important procedure in
reaching a fair and reliable determination of disputed facts. Rather than
abolishing cross-examination, it would be much fairer to impose
reasonable limits, including a ban on irrelevant questions regarding the
sexual history and sexual orientation of the complainant; control over
unfair, oppressive, or overbearing cross-examination; and even separation
of the complainant and accused during the hearing. Further, although the
protocol permits the accused student to submit questions to the panel to
be asked during its interview of witnesses, they must be submitted in
advance and the decision to ask these questions is entirely discretionary.
More importantly, no one should think that questioning by panel
members is an adequate substitute for the far more informative and
effective cross-examination by a students representative.
2. As noted, the panel is provided with a full report that finds that the
accused student has engaged in sexual assault. And even though the
panel has the accuseds objections to the report and is under a duty to
interview the parties and to review all of the evidence, and may (but
need not) interview other key witnesses and seek additional evidence if
it chooses to do so, a panel of teachers and administrators is likely to defer
to findings made by an expert Investigating Officer and a faculty
member or administrator. Our legal system is based on checks and
balances precisely because of the risks associated with concentrating so
much power in the hands of a single investigator or Investigative Team.
What is needed is a procedure that allows the accused students lawyer or
representative to challenge the Investigative Teams version of events, to
ensure that the panel will hear all the evidence that is submitted by both
sides and reach its own conclusions as to the veracity of witnesses and the
responsibility of the accused student. And it should not be forgotten that
these proceedings are conducted in the shadow of threats of a Department
of Education investigation for failure to properly investigate and sanction
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inconsistent with a policy that both strongly condemns and punishes sexual
misconduct and ensures a fair adjudicatory process.
David Rudovsky
Senior Fellow
Stephanos Bibas
Professor of Law and Criminology
Shyamkrishna Balganesh
Professor of Law
Mitchell Berman
Leon Meltzer Professor of Law
Stephen B. Burbank
David Berger Professor for the Administration of Justice
Jill E. Fisch
Perry Golkin Professor of Law
Jonah B. Gelbach
Associate Professor of Law
Leo Katz
Frank Carano Professor of Law
Seth Kreimer
Kenneth W. Gemmill Professor of Law
Howard Lesnick
Jefferson B. Fordham Professor of Law
Charles W. Mooney Jr.
Charles A. Heimbold, Jr. Professor of Law
Stephen J. Morse
Ferdinand Wakeman Hubbell Professor of Law;
Professor of Psychology and Law in Psychiatry
Stephen Perry
John J. OBrien Professor of Law