The NFC 3.0 Technology

NFC 3.
0
Research
Paper
The NFC Using
Oscillations
List of Topics-What is NFC?
NFC 3.0 Research Paper - Copyright Sarthak Sethi and other contributors
(DRAFT RESEARCH PAPER, NOT TO BE PUBLISHED).
-Why NFC?
-Difference Between NFC
RFID
-How Does NFC Work?
-Whats NFC 2.0
-What is my Idea?
-How Will this work?
-Advantages Over
Current NFC Technology
-How can is it compatable

with more mobiles and
-How can it be migrated
to previous mobiles
without making any
hardware changes
What is NFC
Near field communication (NFC) is a set of
ideas and technology that enables
smartphones and other devices to establish
radiocommunication with each other by
touching them together or bringing them into

proximity, typically a distance of 10 cm (3.9
in) or less.
Each full NFC device can work in 3 modes:
NFC target (acting like a credential), NFC
initiator (as a reader) and NFC peer to peer.
All connected NFC enabled smartphones can
be provisioned with dedicated apps, which
gives any application a huge potential, like
dedicated readers (as opposed to the
traditional dedicated infrastructure of ticket),
access control or payment readers. All NFC
peers can connect a third party NFC device
with a server for any action or reconfiguration.
(Taken From Wikipedia.org)
Why NFC
NFC has various advantages like mentioned in

the What is NFC section. The points what
can say that NFC is beneficial are- NFC is very quick in transferring data,
such as previously while connecting a
bluetooth device to a smartphone, we
needed to search for devices with
bluetooth on but now with NFC, once the
smartphone is brought near to the device,
the link is automatically established
between the smartphone and the device.
- NFC can also store some bytes of data
in some chips called NFC Tags which are
similar to QR codes which stores the data
into a image. The difference is that NFC
require NFC enabled smartphones with
NFC code reading/writing app and QR code
requires a smartphone with QR code

scanning app.
- Its secure as the code stored inside it
is protected using a algorithm.
Difference Between NFC

and RFID
Similar to NFC, there is also a technology
known as RFID. Here is the difference
between them
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is
the wireless use of electromagnetic fields to
transfer data, for the purposes of
automatically identifying and tracking tags
attached to objects. The tags contain
electronically stored information. Some tags

are powered byelectromagnetic induction
from magnetic fields produced near the
reader. Some types collect energy from the
interrogating radio waves and act as a passive
transponder. Other types have a local power
source such as a battery and may operate at
hundreds of meters from the reader. Unlike a
barcode, the tag does not necessarily need to
be within line of sight of the reader, and may
be embedded in the tracked object. Radio
frequency identification (RFID) is one method
for Automatic Identification and Data Capture
(AIDC).
(From Wikipedia.org)
By definition, RFID is the method of uniquely

identifying items using radio waves. At a
minimum, an RFID system comprises a tag, a

reader, and an antenna. The reader sends an
interrogating signal to the tag via the
antenna, and the tag responds with its unique
information. RFID tags are either Active or
Passive.
Active RFID tags contain their own power
source giving them the ability to broadcast
with a read range of up to 100 meters. Their
long read range makes active RFID tags ideal
for many industries where asset location and
other improvements in logistics are important.
Passive RFID tags do not have their own
power source. Instead, they are powered by
the electromagnetic energy transmitted from
the RFID reader. Because the radio waves
must be strong enough to power the tags,
passive RFID tags have a read range from

near contact and up to 25 meters.
Passive RFID tags primarily operate at three
frequency ranges:
Low Frequency (LF) 125 -134 kHz
High Frequency (HF)13.56 MHz
Ultra High Frequency (UHF) 856 MHz to
960 MHz
Near-field communication devices operate at
the same frequency (13.56 MHz) as HF RFID
readers and tags. The standards and protocols
of the NFC format is based on RFID standards
outlined in ISO/IEC 14443, FeliCa, and the
basis for parts of ISO/IEC 18092. These
standards deal with the use of RFID in
proximity cards.
As a finely honed version of HF RFID, nearfield communication devices have taken
advantage of the short read range limitations

of its radio frequency. Because NFC devices
must be in close proximity to each other,
usually no more than a few centimeters, it has
become a popular choice for secure
communication between consumer devices
such as smartphones.
Peer-to-peer communication is a feature that
sets NFC apart from typical RFID devices. An
NFC device is able to act both as a reader and
as a tag. This unique ability has made NFC a
popular choice for contactless payment, a key
driver in the decision by influential players in
the mobile industry to include NFC in newer
smartphones. Also, NFC smartphones pass
along information from one smartphone to the
other by tapping the two devices together,
which turns sharing data such as contact info
or photographs into a simple task. Recently,

you may have seen advertising campaigns
that used smart posters to pass information
along to the consumers.
Also, NFC devices can read passive NFC tags,
and some NFC devices are able to read
passive HF RFID tags that are compliant with
ISO 15693. The data on these tags can
contain commands for the device such as
opening a specific mobile application. You
may start seeing HF RFID tags and NFC tags
more frequently in advertisements, posters,
and signs as its an efficient method to pass
along information to consumers.
At the end of the day, NFC builds upon the
standards of HF RFID and turns the limitations
of its operating frequency into a unique
feature of near-field communication.
(From Atlasrfidstore.com)
What is NFC 2.0?

Tagattitude is a E-commerce company which
made some innovations to the NFC
technology specially for E-Commerce and
made the NFC 2.0 Technology about which
many articles are available online.
But Still NFC 2.0 did not had that kind of
change that it could be migrated to every
mobile like feature phones.
Whats my idea?
My idea is to implement a new kind of

technology without making any hardware
change to the current mobiles.
Today approximately 80% of mobiles have a
vibration motor which is used to make the
user aware of a new notification. So I am
using the vibration motor in the mobiles to
emit data and the client mobiles
accelerometer to recognise the vibrations.
The data is converted into binary digits and
emitted in an algorithm similar to the morse
code. Then the client mobile is placed in
contact with the emitter (server) mobile. The
emitter mobile takes the binary digits and
converts it into oscillations based on an
algorithm similar to the morse code. Then the
client mobile reads the oscillations and
processes the data and again decodes the
data from the morse code algorithm. This way
the data is transferred between 2 mobiles.
How will this work?

As my idea is NFC 3.0 which works on

oscillations made by mobile phones. Like the
mobile vibrates on (+/- 33.333) Oscillations/s
on notifications, im planning to use these
oscillations for sending data. The idea is to
send data just like morse code.
Example1 Means 33 OPS for 100ms
0 Means no Oscillations
(-) means 8ms delay
(--) means 20ms delay
1-0-1 = 0
1-1-1 = 1
This forms binary code
Like alphabet A is 01000001
This can be transferred as1-0-1--1-1-1--1-0-1--1-0-1--1-0-1--1-0-1--1-0-1--1-1-1
This is a example how alphabet A can be
transferred.
Advantages over current NFC

Technology, How can is it
compatable with more mobiles and
how can it be migrated to previous
mobiles without making any
hardware changes
- First of all, it can be easily migrated to
all mobiles which vibration motors. This
means no hardware changes are needed
will will help save millions of dollars for
upgrading current hardware.
- It will be cost effective as it does not
require NFC hardware which was used in
NFC 2.0.
ReferencesNFC 3.0 Research Paper - Copyright Sarthak Sethi and other contributors
WebsitesWikipedia.org
Contactlessintelligence.com
Atlasrfidstore.com
Quora.com
Spiedigitallibrary.org
About Me
Im 15 year old from New

Delhi, India and I love innovating the current
technology. I currently work with MIT Media
Labs India Initiative Kumbhathon Group and

MIT Media Labs India Initiative Design
Innovation Group. I love working on code and
making circuits. i'm a tech lover and I
organize meetups with my local community
and also founded a embedded system
development group E[X] Developers. I was
also invited to MakerFest 2015, which is one
of the biggest India's innovation festival.
Since my age of 7 when I was in the 3rd
grade, I started making simple electric circuits
using LEDs so I used to break my toys, take
out the their LEDs and made my own circuits.
I'm also an expert in python programming.
All my projects are avalable at:
www.sarthaksethi.net

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NFC 3.

-How can is it compatable

touching them together or bringing them into

NFC has various advantages like mentioned in

requires a smartphone with QR code

Difference Between NFC

electronically stored information. Some tags

By definition, RFID is the method of uniquely

minimum, an RFID system comprises a tag, a

passive RFID tags have a read range from

advantage of the short read range limitations

or photographs into a simple task. Recently,

What is NFC 2.0?

My idea is to implement a new kind of

How will this work?

As my idea is NFC 3.0 which works on

Advantages over current NFC

Im 15 year old from New

Labs India Initiative Kumbhathon Group and

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