OXFORD HIGH SCHOOL

Multan Board 2014 Physics (Group I)

Q.No.2:
(i).
Ans.
(ii).
Ans.

Attempt any six parts:

What is Physics?
In Physics, we study matter, energy and their interaction.
Name any two base quantities?
1. Length
2. Mass
3. Time
4. Electric current
(iii). A sprinter completes its 100 metre race in 12s. Find its average speed.
Ans.
Data:

S = 100m
t = 12s
v av =?

Solution:

S 100
v av = =
=8.33 m s1
t 12

(iv).
Ans.

Define circular motion?

The motion of an object in a circular path is known as circular
motion. Motion of the Earth around the Sun is the example of
circular motion.
(v).
What is displacement?
Ans. The shortest distance between two points is called the

displacement. It is a vector quantity and is represented by d .

(vi). State Newtons law First law of motion?
Ans. Newtons first law of motion states that a body continues its state
of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line provided no net force
acts on it.
(vii). Give law of conservation of momentum?
Ans. Law of conservation of momentum states that the momentum of an
isolated system of two or more than two interacting bodies remains
constant.
(viii). Give two methods of reducing friction?
i. Smoothing the sliding surfaces in contact.
Ans.
ii. Using lubricants between sliding surfaces.
iii. Using ball bearings or roller bearings.
(ix). Differentiate b/w stable & unstable equilibrium?
Ans. A body is said to be in stable equilibrium if after a slight tilt it
returns to its previous position. If a body does not return to its
previous position when sets free after a slightest tilt is said to be in
unstable equilibrium.
Q.No.3: Attempt any five parts:
(i).
When a body is said to be in equilibrium?
Ans. A body is said to be in equilibrium if no net force acts on it. A body

(ii).
Ans.

in equilibrium thus remains at rest or moves with uniform velocity.

Describe the first condition of equilibrium?
A body is said to satisfy first condition for equilibrium if the
resultant of all the forces acting on it is zero. i.e.

F=0

(iii). Why law of gravitation is important to us?

Ans.

(iv).
Ans.

Law of gravitation is important to us because

1. It is the gravitational force b/w sun & all the nine planets which
make them to move around the Sun.
2. It is the gravitational force b/w Earth & Moon which makes Moon
to move around the Earth.
Write the value of mass of earth with unit?
M e =6 1024 kg

(v).
Ans.
(vi).

Define energy?
The ability of body to do work is called energy.
Name the two devices that convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy?
1. Washing machine
Ans.
2. DC motor
(vii). What is meant by efficiency of system?
Ans. The ratio of output to input of any machine is called efficiency.
(viii). How can you find the efficiency of system?
required form of output
Ans.
Efficiency =
total input energy
% Efficiency =

required form of output

total input energy

x100

Q.No.4: Attempt any five parts:

Define elasticity?
(i).
Ans. The property of a body to restore its original size and shape as the
deforming force ceases to act is called elasticity.
(ii). Define youngs modulus?
Ans. The ratio of stress to tensile strain is called Youngs modulus .

Y=

F Lo
AL

(iii). Define heat & temperature?

Ans.

Heat :
The form of energy that is transferred from a hot body to a cold
body is called heat.

(iv).
Ans.

(v).
Ans.

Temperature:
Temperature of a body is the degree of hotness or coldness of the
body.
Change 300K on Kelvin scale into Celsius scale of temperature?
T = 300 K
C = T(K) - 273
C = (300 - 273) 0C
C = 27 0C
Define specific heat capacity & write its mathematical form?
The specific heat of a substance is defined as the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of that substance
through one degree centigrade (1C) or one kelvin (1K).

Q
m T

Define latent heat of fusion?

Heat energy required to change 1kg of substance from solid to
liquid, without change in temperature is called latent heat of fusion.
(vii). Define rate of flow of heat?
Ans. The amount of heat that flows in unit time is called the rate of flow
of heat.
(vi).
Ans.

Q
Rate of flow of heat t

(viii). Define radiation?

Ans. Radiation is the mode of transfer of heat from one place to another
in the form of waves called electromagnetic waves.

Section II
Q.No.5:(a)Derive second equation of motion with help of graph.
Ans. Consider a body moving with initial velocity v i in a straight line with
uniform acceleration a. Its velocity becomes v f after time t.

In speed-time graph shown in fgure, the total distance S travelled by the

body is given by the total area OABD under the graph.
Area of trapezium OABD =

1
( of sides ) ( perpendicular distance b /w paralellel sides )
2

1
2

S=

+ BD
) OD

( OA

Since

OA=

1
2

S=

Since

vf

vf
t=

vi

=v f
BD

& OD=t

( vi + v f ) t
=

v i +at

(1st equation of motion)

v i=at
v f v i
a
vf vi

1
2

S=

( vi + v f ) a

2aS = ( v f + vi ) ( v f v i )
2

2aS = v f v i
Q.No.5:(b)A chocolate wrapper is 8.7cm long & 4.5cm wide. Calculate its area
upto reasonable number of significant figures.
Ans.
Data:
l=

8.7cm
w = 4.5cm
Area upto reasonable number of significant figures = ?

Solution:
A = l w
A = 8.7 cm 4.5 cm= 39.15cm2
Area upto reasonable number of significant figures = 39 cm2

Q.No.6:(a)Explain inertia & momentum?

Ans.
Inertia
Definition:
Inertia of a body is its property due to which it resists any change in its state of rest
or motion.

Explanation:
Galileo observed that it is easy to move or to stop light objects than heavier
ones. Heavier objects are difficult to move or if moving then difficult to stop. Newton
concluded that everybody resists to the change in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a
straight line. He called this property of matter as inertia. He related the inertia of a body with its
mass.
Greater is the mass of a body greater is its inertia.
Experiment:
Take a glass and cover it with a piece of cardboard. Place a coin on the cardboard. Now flick
the card horizontally with a jerk of your finger. The coin does not move with the cardboard due
to inertia.

Momentum
Definition:
Momentum of a body is the quantity of motion it possesses due to its mass and
velocity.
Formula:
The momentum P of a body is given by the product of its mass m and velocity v.
P = mv
Unit:
Momentum is a vector quantity. Its SI unit is kgms-1.

Q.No.6:(b)A nut has been tightened by a force of 200 N using 10 cm long

spanner. What length of a spanner is required to loosen the same nut with 150
N force?
Ans.
Data:
F1 = 200N
L1 = 10cm
F2 = 150N
L2 = ?
Solution:

Applying principle of moments

Clock-wise moments Anti-clockwise moment
F1 L1 F2 L2
L2

L2

F 1 L1
F2

200 10
150

2000
L2 150 = 13.3cm

Q.No.7:(a)Write a note on non-renewable sources of energy?

Ans.
FOSSIL FUELS
We use fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas to heat our houses and run
industry and transport. They are usually hydrocarbons (compounds of
carbon and hydrogen). When they are burnt, they combine with oxygen
from the air. The carbon becomes carbon dioxide; hydrogen becomes
hydrogen oxide called water; while energy is released as heat. In case of
coal:

The fossil fuels took millions of years for their formation. They are known as
non-renewable resources. We are using fossil fuels at a very fast rate. Their
use is increasing day by day to meet our energy needs. If we continue to
use them at present rate, they will soon be exhausted. Once their supply is
exhausted, the world would face serious energy crisis.

NUCLEAR FUELS:
In nuclear power plants, we get energy as a result of fission reaction. During
fission reaction, heavy atoms, such as Uranium atoms, split up into smaller
parts releasing a large amount of energy. Nuclear power plants give out a
lot of nuclear radiations and vast amount of heat. A part of this heat is used
to run power plants while lot of heat goes waste into the environment.

Q.No.7:(b) Find the gravitational force of attraction between two spheres each
of mass 1000kg. The distance between the centers of the spheres is 0.5m.?
Ans.
Data:
m1 = m2 = 1000kg
d = 0.5m
F= ?
G = 6.673 10-11Nm2kg-2
Solution:

m1 m2

F=

F=

6.673

F=

d2
-11

10

1000 1000
( 0.5 )2

6.673 105
0.25
4

F = 2.67 10 N
Q.No.8:(a)State & prove mathematically Archimedes Principle?
Ans.
Statement:
When an object is totally or partially immersed in a liquid, an
upthrust acts on it equal to the weight of the liquid it displaces.
Explanation:
Consider a solid cylinder of cross-sectional area A and
height h immersed in a liquid as shown in figure.

Let h1 and h2 be the depths of the top and bottom faces of the cylinder
respectively from the surface of the liquid, then
h2 - h 1 = h
If P1 and P2 are the liquid pressures at depths h1 and h2respectively and
is its density, then
P1 = gh1
P2 = gh2
Let the force F1 is exerted at the cylinder top by the liquid due to pressure
P1 and the force F2 is exerted at the bottom of the cylinder by the liquid due
to P2.
F =P A= gh A
1
1
1
F2 = P2 A = g h2A

F2 -F1 = gh2A - gh1A

=

gA (h2-h1)

Upthrust of liquid= gAh

= pgV

Q.No.8:(b) The weight of a metal spoon in air is 0.48 N. Its weight in water is
0.42 N. Find its density.
Ans.
Data:
w1 = 0.48N
w2 = 0.42N
D= ?
= 1000kg m3
Solution:

D=

w 1 w
w1

D=

0.48
1000
0.480.42

D = 8000kgm-3
Q.No.9:(a)Explain green house effect in detail?
Ans.
How does the temperature in a greenhouse can be maintained?
Light from the Sun contains thermal radiations (infrared) of long
wavelengths as well as light and ultraviolet radiations of short wavelengths.
Glass and transparent polythene sheets allow radiations of short
wavelength to pass through easily but not long wavelengths of thermal
radiations. Thus, a greenhouse becomes a heat trap. Radiations from the
Sun pass easily through glass and warms up the objects in a greenhouse.
These objects and plants give out radiations of much longer wavelengths.

Glass and transparent polythene sheets do not allow them to escape out
easily and are reflected back in the greenhouse. This maintains the inside
temperature of the greenhouse. Greenhouse effect promises better growth
of some plants. Carbon dioxide and water also behave in a similar way to
radiations as glass or polythene. Earths atmosphere contains carbon
dioxide and water vapours. It causes greenhouse effect as shown in figure
9.18 and thus maintains the temperature of the Earth. During the recent
years, the percentage of carbon dioxide has been increased considerably.
This has caused an increase in the average temperature of the Earth by
trapping more heat due to greenhouse effect. This phenomenon is known as
global warming. This has serious implications for the global climate.
Q.No.9:(b)How much heat is required to increase the temperature of 1.4kg of water from
10 C to 65 C?
Ans.
Data:
m = 1.4kg
T1 = 10 C = (10+273)K=283K
T2 = 65 C = (65+273)K=338K
1 1
c = 4200J kg K
Q= ?

Solution:

T =T 2T 1= 338 283 = 55K

Q=cm T =4200 1.4 55=323400 J

Section III
Q.No.10:(b)Verify the principle of moments by using the data given in figure below.
30cm 33.2cm
50cm
74.8cm
w3 = 0.2N w2 = 0.5N

Data:
w3 = 0.2N
w2 = 0.5N
w1 = 0.5N
Solution:

L3 50cm 30cm
20cm

L2
50cm
33.2cm
16.8cm

L1
74.8cm
50cm
24.8cm
Applying Principle of Moments
Clock-wise moments Anti clock-wise moments
w3 L3 + w2 L2 = w1 L1
0.2 2 + 0.5 16.8 0.5 24.8
4 + 8.4 12.4

w1 = 0.5N

12.4 12.4
Hence Principle of moments is satisfied.
Q.No.10:(c)The data is given in the table measured during vibrations of simple pendulum.
Find average value of g by using formula
Length of simple pendulum in (cm)
65
80
Time for 20 vibrations in (s)
32.4
35.8

Ans.
Data:
l 1=

65cm

l 2=

80cm

n=

20

t 1 =32.4

t 2 =35.

8s

g ?
Solution:
l=

l 1+l 2
2

l=

65+80 145
72.5
=
=72.5 cm=
m=0.725 m
2
2
100

t=

t 1 +t 2
2

t=

32.4 +35.8 68.2

=
=34.1 s
2
2

g=

t 34.1
=
=
1.705s
n 20

4 2l
T2
4 ( 3.14 )2 0.725 28.59
=
=
2.907
( 1.705 )2

2
9.8m s

Multan Board 2014 Physics (Group II)

Q.No.2: Attempt any six parts:
(i).
What is meant by base quantities?
Ans. Base quantities are the quantities on the basis of which other
quantities are expressed. These are length, mass, time, electric
current, temperature, intensity of light and the amount of a
substance.
(ii). What is meant by vernier constant?
Ans. The difference between one small division on main scale division
and one vernier scale division is 0.1 mm. It is called least count
(L.C) of the Vernier Calipers. It is also called vernier constant.
(iii). Differentiate b/w distance & displacement?

Length of a path between two points is called the distance between

those points. The shortest distance between two points is called
the displacement.
(iv). Define rotatory motion?
Ans. The spinning motion of a body about its axis is called its rotatory
motion. The motion of a wheel about its axis and that of a steering
wheel are the examples of rotatory motion.
(v).
Can a body moving at constant speed has acceleration?
Ans. Yes, a body moving at constant speed have acceleration if it
moves along a circular track because the direction of motion of a
body along a circular track is continuously changing.
(vi). Define inertia?
Ans. Inertia of a body is its property due to which it resists any change in
its state of rest or motion.
(vii). Differentiate b/w mass & weight?
Ans. 1. Mass of a body is the quantity of 1. Weight of a body is the force of
matter possessed by it.
gravity acting on it.
2. It is a scalar quantity.
2. It is a vector quantity.
3. SI unit of mass is kilogramme
3. SI unit of weight is Newton (N).
(kg).
(viii). How can you relate a force with the change of momentum of a body
Ans. When a force acts on a body, it produces acceleration in the body
and will be equal to the rate of change of momentum of the body.
Ans.

F=

(ix).
Ans.

P
t

Define perpendicular components?

If a force is formed from two mutually perpendicular components
then such components are called its perpendicular components.
Q.No.3: Attempt any five parts:
(i).
Define torque & write its equation?
Ans. The turning effect of a force is called torque or moment of the
force.
Mathematically, =F L
(ii). What is neutral equilibrium??
Ans. If a body remains in its new position when disturbed from its
previous position, it is said to be in a state of neutral equilibrium.
e.g. a ball is placed on a horizontal
(iii). What is meant by gravitational field?
Ans. The field in a region in space in which a particle would experience a gravitational
force is called gravitational field.
(iv). Define weight & write its unit?
Ans. Weight of a body is equal to the gravitational force between the body and the Earth.
Its unit is Newton (N).
(v).
Define work & give its equation?
Ans. Work is a product of force F & displacement S in the direction of
force .Its formula is W=F S.

(vi).
Ans.
(vii).
Ans.
(viii).
Ans.
Q.No.4:
(i).
Ans.

(ii).
Ans.

(iii).
Ans.

(iv).
Ans.

Define mechanical energy?

The energy possessed by a body both due to its motion or position
is called mechanical energy. Water running down a stream, wind, a
moving car possesses mechanical energy.
Why fossils fuels are called non-renewable form of energy?
The fossil fuels took millions of years for their formation. So they
are called non-renewable form of energy.
Describe importance of wind energy?
1. It has powered sailing ships across the oceans.
2. It has been used by windmills to grind grain and pump water.
3. Wind power is used to turn wind turbines.
Attempt any five parts:
Write down important features of kinetic molecular model of matter?
1. Matter is made up of particles called molecules.
2. The molecules remain in continuous motion.
3. Molecules attract each other.
Explain how a submarine moves up the water surface & down into water?
It floats over water when the weight of water equal to its volume is
greater than its weight. It has a system of tanks which can be filled
with and emptied from seawater. When these tanks are filled with
seawater, the weight of the submarine increases. As soon as its
weight becomes greater than the upthrust, it dives into water and
remains under water. To come up on the surface, the tanks are
emptied from seawater.
Define heat & temperature?
Heat :
The form of energy that is transferred from a hot body to a cold
body is called heat.
Temperature:
Temperature of a body is the degree of hotness or coldness of the
body.
Define specific heat capacity & write its mathematical form?
Heat capacity of a body is equal to the product of its mass of the
body and its specific heat capacity.
Mathematically,

(v).
Ans.

Q
=cm
T

Why does heat flow from hot body to cold body?

Heat flows from hot body to cold body to attain thermal equilibrium
state.
(vi). Define latent heat of fusion?
Ans. Heat energy required to change 1kg of substance from liquid to
solid, without change in temperature is called latent heat of fusion.
(vii). On what factors the rate of heat flow in solids depends?
Ans. The rate at which heat flows through a solid object depends upon
various factors:
1. Cross-sectional area of solid

2. Length of solid
3. Temperature difference b/w ends
(viii). Explain the impact of green house effect in global warming?
Ans. During the recent years, the percentage of carbon dioxide has been
increased considerably. This has caused an increase in the average
temperature of the Earth by trapping more heat due to greenhouse
effect. This phenomenon is known as global warming. This has
serious implications for the global climate.

Section II
Q.No.5:(a)Derive second equation of motion with help of graph.
Ans. Consider a body moving with initial velocity v i in a straight line with
uniform acceleration a. Its velocity becomes v f after time t.

Slope of line AB gives the acceleration a of a body.

Slope of line

CD

BC
BD

AB=a=
=

AC
OD

As BD =v f

CD=v
i

a=

OD=t

v f v i
t

v f v i=a t
v f =v i+a t

Q.No.5:(b)A chocolate wrapper is 6.7cm long & 5.4cm wide. Calculate its area
upto reasonable number of significant figures.
Ans.
Data:
l=

6.7cm
w = 5.4cm
Area upto reasonable number of significant figures = ?

Solution:
A = l w
A = 6.7 cm 5.4 cm= 36.18cm2
Area upto reasonable number of significant figures = 36 cm2

Q.No.6:(a)Define Newtons 2nd law of motion . Derive the equation F = ma.

Ans.
Inertia
Statement:
When a net force acts on a body, it produces acceleration in the body in the
direction of the net force. The magnitude of this acceleration is directly proportional to the net
force acting on the body and inversely proportional to its mass.

Explanation:
If a force produces an acceleration a in a body of mass m, then we can state
mathematically that
aF

1
m

F
m

F ma
F=kma

In SI units, k =1
F=ma

Unit of force:
SI unit of force is Newton (N).
One Newton (1 N) is the force that produces an acceleration of 1 ms-2 in a body of mass
of 1k g.
Thus, a force of one Newton can be expressed as
1N = 1kg 1 ms-2
1N = 1kg ms-2

Q.No.6:(b)Find the magnitude and direction of a force, if its x-component is 12 N and

y- component is 5 N?

Ans.
Data:
Fx = 12N
Fy = 5N
F= ?
=?

Solution:
F=

F=

(12 ) +( 5 )

2
x

+ F y2
2

F = 144+25

F= 169
F = 13N
=tan

=tan 1

Fy
Fx

( )
( 125 )

=tan 1 ( 0.417 )
=22.60

Q.No.7:(a)Define kinetic energy & derive its equations?

Ans.
Definition:

The energy possessed by a body due to its motion is called its

kinetic energy.
Explanation:
Consider a body of mass m moving with velocity v. The body stops after
moving through some distance S due to some opposing force such as force
of friction acting on it. The body possesses kinetic energy and is capable to
do work against opposing force F until all of its kinetic energy is used up.
K.E. of the body

= Work done by it due to motion

K.E. = FS
vi = v
vf = 0

As

F = ma
a=

F
m

Since motion is opposed, hence, a is negative. Using 3rd equation of

motion:

2aS =
2

v f 2v i2

( Fm ) S=( 0 ) ( v )
2

2 FS
=v 2
m

2FS = m
FS =
K.E. =

1
2

m
1
2

v2

v2

Q.No.7:(b) Two lead spheres each of mass 1000 kg are kept with their centres 1
m apart. Find the gravitational force with which they attract each other.
Ans.
Data:
m1 = m2 = 1000kg
d = 1m
F= ?
G = 6.673 10-11Nm2kg-2
Solution:

m1 m2

F=

F=

6.673

F=

-11

10

1000 1000
( 1 )2

6.673 105
1
5

F = 6.673 10 N
Q.No.8:(a)Write a note on Hydraulic press?
Ans.
Hydraulic press is a machine which works on Pascals law.
Construction:
It consists of two cylinders of different cross-sectional areas as shown in
figure. They are fitted with pistons of cross-sectional areas a and A.

Working :
The object to be compressed is placed over the piston of large crosssectional area A. The force F1 is applied on the piston of small crosssectional area a. The pressure P produced by small piston is transmitted

equally to the large piston and a force F 2 acts on A which is much larger
than F1.
Pressure on piston of small area a is given by
P=

F1
a

Apply Pascals law, the pressure on large piston of area A will be the same
as on small piston.
P=

F2
A

Comparing the above equations, we get

F2 F1
=
A
a

F2 =F 1

A
a
A
a

Since the ratio is

is greater than 1, hence the force F2 that acts on the

larger piston is greater than the force F1 acting on the smaller piston.
Hydraulic systems working in this way are known as force multipliers.

Q.No.8:(b) The density of air is 1.3 kgm-3. Find the mass of air in a room
measuring 8m x 5m x 4m.
Ans.
Data:
=

V
m=?

1.3 kgm-3
8m x 5m x 4m = 160m3

Solution:

m=

V = 1.3

160 = 208kg

Q.No.9:(a)Define thermals? How do thermals help birds to fly for hours

without flapping their wings?
Ans.
Glider pilots use upward movement of hot air currents due to convection of
heat. These rising currents of hot air are called thermals.
The birds stretch out their wings and circle in these thermals. The upward
movement of air helps birds to climb up with it. Eagles, hawks and vultures
are expert thermal climbers. After getting a free lift, birds are able to fly for
hours without flapping their wings. They glide from one thermal to another
and thus travel through large distances and hardly need to flap their wings.
Q.No.9:(b)How much heat is required to increase the temperature of 0.5kg of water from
10 C to 65 C?
Ans.
Data:
m = 0.5kg
T1 = 10 C = (10+273)K=283K

T2 = 65 C = (65+273)K=338K
1 1
c = 4200J kg K
Q= ?

Solution:

T =T 2T 1= 338 283 = 55K

Q=cm T =4200 o .5 55=115500 J