Llabres, Mendevil, Micoleta, Robles |1

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Water is a chemical compound with a chemical formula of H2O. It covers 71% of the
Earth's surface, and is vital for all known forms of life. Water is a substance that is widely
distributed and very abundant. It is the universal solvent and is essential to sustain life.
Humans use water in their daily activities and processes in their everyday lives and works
such as their activities in their home, schools, offices, fields and the like. Some observers have
estimated that by 2025 more than half of the world population will be facing water-based
vulnerability. A report, suggests that by 2030, in some developing regions of the world, water
demand will exceed supply by 50%..There are two seasons in the country, the wet season and the
dry seasons, based upon the amount of rainfall. This is dependent as well on your location in the
country as some areas experience rain all throughout the year.
Considering these facts, the researchers realized the need of water in the coming years
where the water will soon be in demand for its insufficiency. It is a necessity to conduct such
experiment to provide and supply people with water while it is still abundant. Rain water is one
of the wasted water people took for granted now because there are still many source of it. The
study aims to collect rain water that can be used in household chores. One of the goals of the
researchers for conducting the experiment is to make a tank that will directly catch and store
rainwater. An activated carbon is also installed on the tank that will serve as a filter for better
quality of water.
Statement of the Problem
1.
2.
3.
4.

What are the features of the Rainwater Catchment and Storage Tank with Filter?
What is the efficiency of the Rainwater Catchment and Storage Tank with Filter?
What is the acceptability of the device in terms of collecting rainwater?
What is the marketability of the device in terms of collecting rainwater?
Hypothesis

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1. The tank is rectangular in shape and an activated carbon is put on the under head of the
lid of the tank that will filter the collected rainwater. The Rainwater Catchment and
Storage Tank with Filters primary purpose is to directly catch rainwater and stored it at
the same time.
2. Rain water storage tanks efficiency is maximized by its capacity to hold water
accumulated during wet season for future purposes and also by its capability to filter
water for safe use.
3. The Rainwater Catchment and Storage tank with Filter is acceptable in terms of catching
rainwater in places experiencing water shortage.
4. The Rainwater Catchment and Storage tank with Filter is marketable in terms of catching
rainwater in places experiencing water shortage.
Background
This chapter presents reviewed the related literature and studies. Synthesis of the
materials different studies and printed texts guided the researchers in the identification of the gap,
which will be bridged by the study..
This study aimed to produce a tank that will directly catch and store rainwater. Water is
one of the primary needs in order for an individual to survive; however, they are being polluted
and consumed by humans at extremely high rates. But today, some countries are experiencing
water shortage. Water resources are an issue of increasing concern on every level from the
international to the individual.
Collecting the rain water and store it is one of the alternatives to solve the scarcity in
water. Water collected can be used in household chores and gardening.
Related Non-Research Works
The following non-research works were gathered from the internet and blog sites:
The Rainwater Harvesting Pilot Project, a study and report that were undertaken under
the auspices of the National Rural Water Monitoring Committee by a project team from the

Llabres, Mendevil, Micoleta, Robles |3

School of Civil and Structural Engineering at Dublin Institute of Technology. It was led by Dr.
Sean O Hogain and Liam McCartan and included Anna Reid, Niamh Mclntyre and Jenny Pender.
The Rainwater Harvesting from Rooftop Catchments, the application of an appropriate
rainwater harvesting technology can make possible the utilization of rainwater as a valuable and,
in many cases, necessary water resource. Rainwater harvesting is used extensively in Latin
America, and the Caribbean, mainly for domestic water supply and, in some cases, for agriculture
and livestock supplies on a small scale. The sources were the following; Jose Payero, ProfessorResearcher, Department of Natural Resources, Higher Institute of Agriculture (ISA), Dominican
Republic and Walter Santos, Centre for Training in Agricultural Development, Bureau of Water
Resources, Comayagua, Honduras.
The Rainwater Harvesting Flushing Tank, its system can be fitted to new and existing
buildings and the product is low-carbon, needing only rainwater and gravity to flush toilets.
Related Studies
The following related studies were gathered from the google patent which are used to
enhance the foldable characteristics of water tank and innovate the filtration process of the
collected water.
The present study is related to the previous study entitled Rain water collection and
distribution apparatus in terms of providing a new and improved rainwater collection apparatus
which is susceptible of a low cost of manufacture with regard to both materials and labor, and
which accordingly is then susceptible of low prices of sale to the consuming public, thereby
making such rainwater collection apparatus available to the buying public.
The study from google patent entitled Rain Catchment System is a rain barrel used in a
rainwater catchment system, and more particularly, to a structure that cooperates with a rain
barrel to facilitate the simple and cost-effective harvesting of rainwater. This study is related to
the present study in terms of environmental concern and the desire to conserve resources.

Llabres, Mendevil, Micoleta, Robles |4

The study entitled Privatization of Water Utilities and Its Effects on the Urban Poo in
Jakarta Raya and Metro Manila by Teti Argo, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung,
Indonesia, and Aprodicio A. Laquian, University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C., Canada
revealed that in Metro Manila, the sewerage system served only 7 per cent of the urban residents.
The great majority of the people relied on septic tanks, pit latrines and other unsafe methods for
waste disposal. This study shows that water tank are highly marketable in the Philippines. People
relied on tanks for water storage.

Synthesis
The above related studies presented were carefully analyzed and scrutinized to establish
the relationship for the purpose of improving the existing device for the use in this present study.
In this, the researchers found out that the related literature and studies have lessons that are
similar in terms of principles, concepts and functions used which includes harvesting rainwater.
The studies mentioned above are helpful to the researchers for them to arrive at the concept of
their studies.
Gap to be Bridged by the Study
The recent study is different from previous study, this study gives emphasis on the design
and effectiveness of the devices to provide the consumer the best performance, safety, and
convenience preferably houses having overhead tank for water supply. The previous study lacked
filter that will help to enhance the quality of water. Because of this, the researchers provide a
filter that will reduce the contamination of the rain water from pests, other insects and impurities
found in the rainwater. Impurities like carbon dioxide (CO 2,), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur
dioxide (SO2 ). This is the gap that this study attempts to bridge.
Theoretical Framework

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This study was conceived using the following theory and principle, diffusion of
innovation theory and principle of creativity. The researchers considered these theory and
principle in the development of the foldable roof rain water storage tank.
The Diffusion of Innovation Theory by E.M. Rogers explains how, over time, an idea
or product gains momentum and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific population or social
system. The end result of this diffusion is that people, as part of a social system, adopt a new idea,
behavior, or product. The key to adoption is that the person must perceive the idea, behavior, or
product as new or innovative. It is through this that diffusion is possible. This theory was applied
in the present study in the innovation of the Rainwater Catchment and Storage tank with Filter.
Researchers also adopted the Creativity Theory by Hepler and Wallach. This theory
states that creativity involves the ability to create mental images or arrangement and form those
not yet visible. But these imaginations, when put to work, will become realities. This theory
enabled the researchers to come up with the idea of catching the rainwater and store it in the tank
and how it was realized.

CHAPTER 2. METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study was a quantitative descriptive type of research that utilized the cross-sectional
survey design, the researchers used the quantitative descriptive for it provided an account of the
acceptability and marketability of the Rainwater Catchment and Storage Tank with Filter. Its
design was cross-sectional survey because the information on acceptability and marketability was
collected at a qualified single point on time with the purpose of describing its identified

Llabres, Mendevil, Micoleta, Robles |6

population, through the sample as to acceptability and marketability of the Rainwater Catchment
and Storage Tank with Filter.
The researchers also used the documentary analysis to test the features of the said device.
Sampling Design
This study employed the simple random sampling design where the sample size was
computed using the formula for estimating the population proportion at a margin of error of 0.10,
a confidence level of 95.44 percent and an estimated population proportion of 0.5.

Population Identity
The population of this study was the parents or family of the selected fourth year BS
Management students of Bicol University. The parents or families of this students or even the
students themselves may encounter or are how encountering water storage. They are the first one
who will be needing the Rainwater Catchment and Storage Tank with Filter.
Population Size
The size of this population according to the official record is 86. The researchers used the
population number of students in determining the sample size.
Sample Size
The computed sample size was 46. This was based on the following formula and given
assumed values
n =___N __
1+ n (e) 2

Sample Elements Selection

The researchers used the random sampling method to select the sample elements.

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Research Strategy
This research employed survey as its research strategy, survey involves data collection in
which these researchers used and administered a questionnaire to the respondents. Documentary
analysis was also used for the feature of the device.
Instrumentation
The researchers used questionnaires as a means of gathering data for the fulfillment of
this study. The questionnaires included questions about the characteristics of the Rainwater
Catchment and Storage Tank with Filter, the features of the product, and the acceptability and
marketability of the device in the study.
For the convenience of the respondents, already made options were laid after every
question. Additional spaces were also provided so that the respondents can indicate their specific
answers which were not found from the choices.
To derive at a reasonable result, the researchers discuss first how the device works and
what its features are.

Data Collection Procedures

Preliminary steps will be taken in the completion of this study. The researchers shall
made survey using the questionnaires and observed on the acceptability and marketability of the
product. Letter request will then be sent to Dr. Ramesis M. Lorino, Dean of Bicol University
College of Business, Economics and Management to seek permission to conduct the survey with
randomly selected students.
The primary sources of data required in the study will be provided by the BS
Management fourth year students of Bicol University College of Business, Economics and
Management. After obtaining the approval of the Dean, the researchers will proceed with the
survey. Thereafter, the responses will be tabulated and analyzed.

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Data Analysis Tools

Analysis of data reflecting the acceptability and marketability of the Rainwater
Catchment and Storage Tank with Filter among the participants shall include measures of
centrality namely frequency, percent and arithmetic mean.
The frequency is the ratio of the actual number of favorable events of the total possible
number of events
The percentage is used to express the relative participation of a set of responses compared
to the totality.
The arithmetic mean is the ratio of the total scores or values over the number of scores or
values.

Objective
Preparation of
Proposal
Proposal
defense

Expected
output
Thesis
Proposal

Activity

Manuscripts
for proposal
defense

Preparation and
distribution of
manuscripts for
proposal defense

Preparation of thesis
proposal

Duration and
Date(s)
November
January 14,
2014

Required input
Blank CD, printed
draft of Chapter
one
Folder, printed
copy of
manuscript (7
copies), thesis

Expected
Cost
P90.00
P450.00

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Submission of
modified
proposal
Conduct of
research/
addressing the
research
problem
Invitation
letter for final
defense
Final defense

Submission of
modified final
manuscript

Modified
proposal
ready for
conduct

Preparation of
proposal following
the recommendations
of the panel
Conducting survey

February 2,
2014
July 2014

communication,
snacks
Folder, printed
copy of
manuscript,
bookbinding
Sample of the
product fit for

P600.00

P200.00

Respondents
August 22,
2014

Letter

P5.00

Folder, printed
copy of
manuscript (7
copies), thesis
communication,
snacks
Folder, printed
copy of final
manuscript,
bookbinding

P450.00

Manuscript
for oral
defense

Preparation and
distribution of
manuscripts for final
defense

September
11,2014

Final
manuscript
for
submission

Preparation of final
draft and ready for
bookbinding

September
2014

Total

P600.00

P2395.00
Work and Financial Plan
The work and financial plan of this proposal is reflected in the table below.

CHAPTER 3: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation, interpretation and analysis of the gathered data
based on the responses of the respondents, who are the selected BS Management fourth year
students of Bicol University College of Business, Economics and Management.
Out of forty-six respondents two of them which is four point thirty-five percent (4.35%)
said that they already encountered a product similar to the researchers device. Forty-four of them
which is ninety-five point sixty-five percent (95.65%) said that it was their first time to encounter
such product. The data shows that the product is found to be unique.

L l a b r e s , M e n d e v i l , M i c o l e t a , R o b l e s | 10
Figure 1: Frequency and Percent Distribution by Similar Product
95.65
44

100
50

2
4.35

0
1

2
YES

NO

All of the forty-six respondents which is one hundred percent (100%) were pleased with
the products design. Evidently, the respondents were satisfied with the design of the device.
Figure 2.1: Frequency and Percent Distribution by Product Satisfaction (Design).

100

1 100

46

50
0

0
1

0
2

YES

NO

Forty-five out of forty-six respondents which is ninety-seven point eighty-three percent

(97.83%) said that they were satisfied with the size of the device. One respondent which is two
point seventeen percent (2.17%) said that the size of the device was not satisfying. Accordingly,
the products size satisfies the respondents.
Figure 2.2: Frequency and Percent Distribution by Product Satisfaction (Size)

L l a b r e s , M e n d e v i l , M i c o l e t a , R o b l e s | 11

197.83

100

45

2.17

50
0
1

2
YES

NO

The entire forty-six respondent which is one hundred percent (100%) said that they were
satisfied with the products features. Seemingly, the respondents are satisfied with the products
features.

Figure 2.3: Frequency and Percent Distribution by Product Satisfaction (Feature).

100

1 100

46

50
0

0
1

0
2

YES

NO

All of the forty-six respondents which are one hundred percent (100%) said that they
liked the products design. The data shows that design of the product is acceptable.
Figure 3.1: Frequency and Percent Distribution by Acceptability (Design)

L l a b r e s , M e n d e v i l , M i c o l e t a , R o b l e s | 12

1 100

100

46

50
0

Acceptable

Not Acceptable

Out of forty-six respondents, one of them which is two point seventeen percent (2.17%)
said that the products size was not acceptable. Forty-five of them said that the size of the product
was acceptable. Therefore, the size of the device is acceptable.
Figure 3.2: Frequency and Percent Distribution by Acceptability (Size)

197.83

100

45

2.17

50
0
1

Acceptable

Not Acceptable

All of the forty-six respondents which is one hundred percent (100%) said that the
products features were acceptable. Consequently, the features of the device are acceptable.
Figure 3.3: Frequency and Percent Distribution by Acceptability (Feature)

100

1 100

46

50
0

0
1
Acceptable

0
2
Not Acceptable

L l a b r e s , M e n d e v i l , M i c o l e t a , R o b l e s | 13
Out of the forty-six respondents two of them which is four point thirty-five percent
(4.35%) said that they are not willing to buy the product. These respondents also said that they do
not experience water shortage and they do not also used rainwater. Forty-four of them which is
ninety-five point sixty-five percent (95.65%) said that they are willing to buy the device.
Apparently, the device is marketable to those who are experiencing water scarcity.

Figure 4: Frequency and Percent Distribution by Willingness to Buy

100

195.65
44

4.35

50
0
1

2
YES

NO

Forty of the respondents which is eighty-six point ninety-six percent (86.96%) chose ten
thousand to eleven thousand pesos. Four of them which is eight point seventy percent (8.70%)
wanted it for eleven thousand and one peso to twelve thousand pesos. Two respondents which is
four point thirty-five percent (4.35%) chose twelve thousand and one peso and above. Hence, the
respondents want the price of the product be in the range between ten thousand to eleven
thousand pesos.

Figure 5: Frequency and Percent Distribution by Price

L l a b r e s , M e n d e v i l , M i c o l e t a , R o b l e s | 14
89.13
100
50
0

41

6.52
3

4.35
2

CHAPTER 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study presented the conclusions drawn and recommendations as a result of the study
conducted.
Conclusions
1. When asked about the features of the device, all of the respondents were satisfied
especially with the installation of activated carbon that filters the rainwater. When the
water being filtered reaches its capacity, the passage of water connecting to it will
automatically switch to the standby activated carbon. This feature increases the
acceptability of the device for its convenience.
2.

On the design, all the respondents were satisfied and it is acceptable. It is because that it
is design that will direcly catch rainwater and store it at the same time.

3. About the size, almost all of them are satisfied with it and is acceptable. It is becaused
that the tank can hold a reasonable amount of water.
4. The respondents were asked if they are willing to buy the product, it was noticed that
those who are not experiencing water shortage and at the same time do not used rainwater
have no interest in buying the product. The respondents experiencing water inadequacy

L l a b r e s , M e n d e v i l , M i c o l e t a , R o b l e s | 15
are willing to buy the product. The researchers observed that many of them are now
experiencing water scarcity and are willing to buy the product. It can be cocluded that the
product is marketable in places suffering from water inadequacy.
5. When asked about at what price they are willing to buy the product, most of them want it
at between eleven thousan to twelve thousand pesos.

Recommendations
Upon all the cited conclusions that are drawn, the following recommendations are
established.
The researchers should improve the filtration of the device if the water is desired to be
potable.
Add a feature that will prevent the leaves or other materials from being stocked on the
passage of water down to the activated carbon.
Concentrate on marketing the product in the places wherein they have a limited source of
water. These include the places in the Central Visayas and the Bicol Region. The said regions are
the one with the least source of water both in the surface water and underground water.

Work Cited List

L l a b r e s , M e n d e v i l , M i c o l e t a , R o b l e s | 16
Stephen

(2013,

March

26).

Retrieved

from

http://www.ripperdesignandmultimedia.com/2013/03/26/the-five-major-theories-ofcreativity/
Boston University School of Public Health (2013, January 22). Retrieved from
http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/SB/SB721-Models/SB721-Models4.html
Taylor; Jonathan Dwayne (1998, March 24). Rainwater collection and distribution apparatus.
Retrieved from http://www.google.co.in/patents/US5730179
Chumley; William M. ( 1998, April 7). Rainwater collection and distribution

apparatus

and method. Retrieved from http://www.google.co.in/patents/US5735304

Abrams, Lyndon (2005. September 13). Rainwater collection and dispensation system.
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Kuehneman, Bret A. (2005, November 22). Rainwater collection device. Retrieved from
http://www.google.co.in/patents/US6966333
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http://www.google.co.in/patents/US8074405
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Harrington, Jim (2011, January 13). Rainwater Collection and Redistribution System.
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