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|| INTRODUCTION ||
This Guide is intended to facilitate the selection of appropriate Stanley
Bostitch fasteners in wood-frame construction. Appropriate fastener
selection and installation leads to more durable, stronger, and safer buildings.
ight-frame buildings are loaded by vertical and horizontal forces. Examples of vertical forces are dead
weight of the building materials and snow. Lateral
forces include those induced by wind and seismic ground
motions. Wind forces cause uplift on the roof, wall racking
and wall bending. Seismic motions cause racking in the walls
as a result of the vertical and horizontal ground motions. The
[a]
[b]
[c]
Light-frame structure with (a) gravity loads, (b) wind loads, (c) seismic loads. Fasteners are crucial to the continuous load path.
[[ Introduction ]]
the walls to the foundation. A building
that is not attached, or poorly attached,
to the foundation, can slide or overturn
when subjected to lateral forces. Walls
that are designed to resist vertical and
lateral loads are called shear walls. The
roof and floors are called diaphragms,
or sometimes referred to as horizontal
diaphragms, even though they may be
pitched, e.g., a gable roof.
Fasteners are often the last thing
considered in designing and building a
wood-frame structure. However, they
are critical to the load path and the
long-term building performance.
Whether your objective is to reduce the
chance of a squeaky floor, minimize
corrosion, or reduce the potential of
high wind or earthquake related damage;
the proper fastener selection can affect
these objectives.
Code (IRC)
> BOCA National Building Code 1999
(BNBC)
> 1999 Standard Building Code (SBC)
> 1997 Uniform Building Code (UBC)
> 1998 International One and Two
Family Dwelling Code (IOTFDC)
> City of Los Angeles
> Florida Building Code
The newest evaluation report for
HurriQuake nails is ER-120, and it
shows compliance to the 2006 IBC, 2006
IRC, SSTD-10 1999, Florida Building Code
(2007), and the California Building Code
(2007). Evaluation reports ER-120 and
ESR-2020 have withdrawal and shear
single fastener design functions and
framing connections, and the diaphragm
and shear wall allowable shear values
reflect the engineering performance of
the HurriQuake nails.
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
ii
iii
[[ Table of Contents ]]
|| TABLE OF CONTENTS ||
Chapter
HurriQuake Nails
Construction Nails and Staples
Wood Construction Materials
> Fastener Performance and Specific Gravity
> Fastening Engineered Wood Products
Single-Fastener Connection Geometry
Fastener Corrosion Resistance
Fastener Selection and Substitution
Single-Nail Withdrawal Design
Single-Fastener Connection Lateral Shear Design
> Sheathing-to-Framing Connections
> Connection for 2x-members of the Same Specific Gravity
Prescriptive Framing Connections
> Framing: Floors
> Framing: Walls
> Framing: Ceiling and Roofs
Fastening Metal Hardware
Diaphragm Design
> 3/8 Structural 1 Plywood
> 7/16 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood
> 15/32 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood
> 7/8 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood
> 3/8 Plywood Rated Sheathing
> 15/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing
> 19/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing
> 23/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing
Shear Wall Design
> 3/8 Structural 1 Plywood
> 7/16 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood
> 15/32 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood
> 3/8 Plywood Rated Sheathing
> 15/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing
> 19/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing
Wind Resistance
Stanley Bostitch Product Codes
ii
v
vi
1
2
4
4
4
6
7
8
12
14
14
16
18
18
20
22
24
26
28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
38
42
44
Introduction
List of Tables
List of Figures
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
Page
iv
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
|| LIST OF TABLES ||
Table
1
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Page
18
25
Table
Page
29
30
35
36
13
15
16
17
20
22
28
28
29
30
31
31
33
33
34
34
35
37
[[ Table of Contents ]]
|| LIST OF FIGURES ||
Figure
Page
10
11
10
12
11
13
24
36
4
5
6
7
14
15
3
3
27
vi
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
Figure 1. The HurriQuake 1 nail, 2 1/2 x 0.113, showing the dual shank technology and large embossed head.
[[ HurriQuake Nails ]]
C
1
HurriQuake Nails are wire nails used for connections in light-frame buildings. The nails are in
compliance with ASTM F1667 for bending yield strength as well as physical and mechanical
properties and dimensional tolerances. They are designed for wood-to-wood connections or to
connect engineered materials-to-engineered materials. The connections may be structural or
non-structural. Structural wood-to-wood connections are to meet the requirements of the National
Design Specification for Wood Construction.
HurriQuake
enhance capacitynails have five distinguishing
characteristics
Deformation under head
to minimize
(Figure
3):
movement of structure
1
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
[[ Co
|| CONSTRUCTION NAILS & STAPLES ||
Driven fasteners for construction includes two groups of fasteners: nails and staples. The general features
of nails and staples are illustrated with the appropriate dimensional measurements in Figure 4. Most nails
and staples are made from low carbon steel wire. Some nails are made from medium or high carbon wire so
that they can be effectively hardened. These nails are made to penetrate materials other than wood.
ails are sometimes referred to using the
pennyweight terminology, for example16d
or8d. In earlier times, this terminology was used
to refer to the penny cost per 100 nails. In contemporary
engineering, the pennyweight terminology cannot be used for
reliable specification of fasteners. Now the pennyweight
designation generally refers to nail length but it does not confer
information about the shank diameter or the head characteristics.
The expressionscommon,box, andsinker have generally
accepted understanding as published in the National Design
Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). In general,
common and box nails have a flat under-head geometry while
sinker nails have a pronounced convex under-head geometry.
See Table 1 for the dimensions assumed by the NDS for
dimensions of typical construction nails. Common nails have
larger shank diameters that the box and sinker nails.
Correct specification of nails includes the nominal length and
the nominal diameter. If only pennyweight is specified,
insufficient information is conveyed. For example, if a building
plan calls for the nails to be8d, then the builder could use
the 8d common (2-1/2x0.131), the 8d box (2-1/2x0.113),
or the 8d sinker (2-3/8x0.113). The result will affect the
performance of the building system. The HurriQuake nails
are unique so they can be easily specified as HQ1 or HQ2,
but complete specification of other smooth and deformedshank nails should provide length and diameter.
Staples are called out by length, crown width, and wire diameter
where the wire is usually referenced by gauge as opposed to
measured diameter. Staple wire is typically flattened in manufacturing, so a staple cross section is not round. Typical staple
gauges are given in ASTM F1667-05 where the specification is
for nominal thickness and width. For example, a 16-gauge staple
has a nominal thickness of 0.0563 and a nominal width of
0.064, and a 14-gauge staple has nominal thickness of 0.0725
and a width of 0.0855.The building codes require staple crown width
Table 1. Comparison of Common, Box, and Sinker nail dimensions (inches) of the same pennyweight.
Type
Feature
Pennyweight
6d
Common
Length
Box
10d
16d
2-1/2
3-1/4
3-1/2
0.113
0.131
0.148
0.148
0.162
Head
0.226
0.281
0.312
0.312
0.344
2-1/2
3-1/4
3-1/2
Diameter
0.099
0.113
0.128
0.128
0.135
Head
0.266
0.297
0.312
0.312
0.344
Length
1-7/8
2-3/8
2-7/8
3-1/8
3-1/4
Diameter
0.092
0.113
0.120
0.135
0.148
Head
0.234
0.266
0.281
0.312
0.344
Head
12d
Diameter
Length
Sinker
8d
C
2
Head Diameter
Head Thickness
Crown width
Crown
Shank
Leg
Nail Length
Shank diameter
Point
Length
Wire gauge
Tip
Ring shank
Screw shank
3
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[[ Woo
|| WOOD CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ||
3.1 Fastener Performance and Specific Gravity
Fastener performance is strongly influenced by the specific gravity of the main and side members
of a wood-to-wood mechanical connection. Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight density of
a wood object to the weight density of water (1000 kg/m3). Specific gravity can be thought of as
a measure of the amount of wood material present. The weight density of wood depends on the
moisture condition of the wood.
ood is not a homogeneous material within a single
tree or between trees. Each species of wood has
a characteristic specific gravity that was assigned
based on sampling and measurement of the wood species
over its geographic range. Most commercial species used in
North America have a specific gravity in the range of 0.35 to
0.60. The commercial specific gravity assignment represents
the average of many growth years and many trees. In general,
a species of wood with lots of wood material present in a
measured volume (high specific gravity) will hold its fasteners
better in withdrawal than a wood that has less wood material
in a measured volume (low specific gravity).
The model building codes require that the lumber must
be stress graded to be used for building construction. The
American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC) administers
the grade marking program for structural lumber under PS 20
(Voluntary Product Standard 20, American Softwood Lumber
Standard). The ALSC uses the consensus processes of the U.S.
Department of Commerce to provide manufacturers and users
of softwood lumber with a process by which the product
standard can be formulated and implemented.
To facilitate engineering practice, species that are from the
same geographical area and that have the same engineering
properties are pooled asspecies groups. For example,
Douglas Fir-Larch is a species group comprised of Douglas-fir
and Larch, and Southern Pine is a species group of four
species of Southern Pine (Loblolly Pine, Longleaf Pine,
Shortleaf Pine, and Slash Pine). The species of each commercial
species group are listed in the NDS Supplement. There are 49
species groups listed in the NDS Supplement.
Each commercial species group has a characteristic specific
gravity. The characteristic specific gravity is used in the
od Construction Materials ]]
Table 2. Important properties for connection design with typical visually graded wood materials used in the U.S. and Canada
for residential framing.
Wood Species Group
Specific Gravity, G
Fastener Group4
0.36
IV
2550
Western Woods
0.36
IV
2550
Englemann Spruce
/ Lodgepole Pine
0.38
IV
2800
Eastern Hemlock
0.41
III
3200
0.42
III
3350
Hemlock / Fir
0.43
III
3500
0.43
III
3500
Austrian Spruce
/ Scots Pine 2
0.43
III
3500
Western Hemlock
0.47
III
4150
0.49
II
4450
0.50
II
4650
Scots Pine
0.50
II
4650
0.55
II
5550
Austrian Spruce
Southern Pine
C
3
5
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[[ Single
& Faste
|| SINGLE-FASTENER CONNECTION GEOMETRY ||
The engineering performance of nailed and stapled connections is predicated on their geometry and loading.
Three basic connections are described: (1) face-nail connection, (2) toe-nail connection, (3) end-nail connection.
he anatomy of a single-fastener face-nail connection
is shown in Figure 6 to illustrate the parts of the
connection. The main member is the part where
the fastener tip is embedded, while the side member is the
part that is attached to the main member with the fastener
and is between the fastener head and the main member. It
is assumed that the fastener has penetrated perpendicular to
the grain by entering the main member and the side member
through the face grain. It is also assumed that this connection
is loaded as shown in Figure 6, where arrows indicate withdrawal,
shear, and a combination of withdrawal and shear shown
asoff-axis. The withdrawal forces tend to separate the side
member from the main member by pulling on the nail. On the
other hand, shear forces tend to slide the side member relative
to the main member, causing the nail to bend or the main or
side member to crush on the nail shank. The off-axis force can
result in a combination of events including simultaneous
separation of the side member from the main member and
sliding of the side member relative to the main member.
The engineered performance of the connection assumes that
the nail has penetrated the main member by a length at least
ten times the shank diameter to generate the full shear capacity
of the fastener. The nail is installed with the bottom of the
head pressing on the sheathing or the side member, and the
nail should not be driven deeper than the head thickness.
The toe-nail connection is based on geometry that is shown
in Figure 7. The fastener is driven at an angle of 30 degrees to
the side member and at an end distance from the side member
so that approximately one-third of the fastener length is in the
side member and the rest of the fastener is embedded in the
main member. Toe-nail connections can be loaded in shear and
withdrawal just like face-nail connections.
End-nail connections are like face-nail connections in geometry
except that the main member is oriented so that the nail is embedded
in the end grain of the wood (Figure 8). These connections are
designed to resist only shear. They are not designed to resist withdrawal because end-grain nail withdrawal resistance is highly variable.
Shear
Side member
Grain direction
Main member
Grain direction
Ls=L/3
Lm
Grain direction
Main
member
Grain direction
C
4
C
5
7
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[[ Fastene
|| FASTENER SELECTION AND SUBSTITUTION ||
Fasteners are the critical link in the load path of a building structure. They provide structural
integrity and are a major point of energy dissipation under seismic and wind loads. Diligence in
fastener specification and installation will affect the building system resistance to expected design
loads, such as, wind, seismic loads or the live load of a party on a deck.
n the design process, the designer, whether it is
the builder, architect or engineer, determines the
loads that the structure could potentially realize and
assures the proper fasteners are specified and installed. If
one or more of the specified fasteners are not available, the
designer needs a method to identify a substitute fastener
that will facilitate the designed performance of the structure.
and the local building regulations provide the basis for loads
to be considered. An engineer may have to examine several
combinations of loads following the building code guidelines to
establish the required building system resistance. The second
step is to establish minimum fastener size and installation
patterns that when combined with the framing and sheathing
will resist the expected load.
The fastener schedules are not identical for all building codes. The
required fasteners of the 40-plus connections in a typical lightframe structure are specific to the controlling building code. This
Guide provides fastener solutions that satisfy the IBC and IRC.
Figure 9. Excerpt from the Guide, Chapter 9, Table 8, Prescriptive Wall Framing
Connection Description
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
Catalog #
Quantity or Spacing
Product
Code
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
2.5 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
S8D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
G,H
2.374 x 0.113
2 x 0.113
2.25 x 0.099
S8D-FH
S6D-FH
D,E
D,E
B,C
HQ1
HQ2
Figure 10. Table locator specification sheet to identify the applicable table for sheathing
Attribute
Responses
Component
Type of sheathing
Sheathing thickness
Framing spacing
16 or 24
1,2,3,4,5,6
Yes or No
Framing thickness
2 or 3
DF/SP or other
Conditions
Responses
Conditions
Component
Shear wall
Type of sheathing
OSB
Sheathing thickness
7/16
Framing spacing
16 or 24
24
1,2,3,4,5,6
NA
Examples
C
6
Yes or No
NA
Framing thickness
2 or 3
DF/SP or other
DF
9
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[[ Fastene
(Shear wall, 7/16 OSB sheathing), which
is the appropriate table for this
component built with this specific
sheathing and framing. The table is
been reproduced in this section for
convenience as Figure 11.
The highlighted cells reference the
fastener at the largest fastener spacing
that meets the requirement. Enter the
table at the cell that meets the required
shear resistance. Look to the left of the
table (Product code column) and find
the fasteners that provide the required
resistance (HQ1, HQ2 or I). Look up
the column to find the perimeter nail
spacing (4 inch). The Product codes
can be translated utilizing the Product
Code letters in the tables of Bostitch
fasteners in Guide, Section 14. In this
case, the use of the HQ1 may be a better
choice because it minimizes the chance
of splitting of the framing members.
Figure 11. Table 20 from Guide, Chapter 12 for shear walls with 7/16 OSB sheathing subject to wind and seismic loading.
Product
code
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum fastener
length (inches)
0.113
2 1/2
310
465
620
790
HQ2
0.131
2 1/2
320
490
640
835
HQ1
0.113
2 1/2
265
415
10
530
705
HQ2
0.131
2 1/2
265
410
530
695
0.148
280
430
550
730
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
260
390
520
665
0.120
220
335
445
565
D, E
0.113
200
300
400
510
B, C
0.099
2 1/4
160
240
320
405
0.092
2 1/4
140
210
280
360
15 gauge
1 3/4
210
320
425
540
16 gauge
1 1/2
170
260
345
440
Attribute
Responses
Conditions
Component
Diaphragm
Type of sheathing
Other
Sheathing thickness
19/32
Framing spacing
16 or 24
24
1,2,3,4,5,6
Unblocked 2-6
Yes or No
Unblocked
Framing thickness
2 or 3
DF/SP or other
DF
Figure 12. Table 17 from Guide, Chapter 11 for diaphragms with 19/32 plywood sheathing subject to wind and seismic loading.
Fastener
Product
code
Nominal
diameter
(inch)
Minimum
length
(inches)
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
Blocked diaphragms
Unblocked diaphragms
Fasteners spaced 6
maximum at supported edges
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
I
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.148
I
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
G,H
F
0.120
F
D,E
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
2
3
2
3
310
350
365
415
415
465
490
550
620
695
740
830
705
790
835
940
280
310
330
370
210
235
245
275
320
425
640
730
285
215
360
480
720
820
320
240
270
360
540
610
240
180
305
405
605
685
270
200
230
310
465
525
205
155
260
350
520
590
235
175
210
280
420
475
185
140
235
315
470
535
210
155
0.099
2 1/4
170
225
340
385
150
115
190
255
380
435
170
125
0.092
2 1/4
150
205
305
345
135
100
170
230
340
390
155
115
215
290
435
495
195
145
245
325
490
555
215
165
175
235
350
400
155
115
200
265
395
450
175
130
15 gauge
J
K
Case 1
A
J
B,C
A
2.5
0.113
D,E
B,C
16 gauge
1 1/2
C
6
11
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[[ Single-N
|| SINGLE-NAIL WITHDRAWAL DESIGN ||
Withdrawal resistance depends on the specific gravity of the main member in the connection, the
nominal fastener diameter, and the penetration length of the fastener into the main member of the
connection. The NDS design function is the result of withdrawal testing fasteners (0.099
diameter 0.375) from many commercial species that represent a range of specific gravities
(0.31 G 0.73). Withdrawal resistance for various nails are shown in Table 3.
he HurriQuake nails are designed for withdrawal
using design functions that are different from the
NDS withdrawal function for nails. The HurriQuake
design functions are based on statistical analysis of test data.
In the NDS, equation, G= specific gravity of the main
member, and D is the diameter of the nail, and in the
HurriQuake equations, G is specific gravity of the main
member and diameter is included as a constant, 0.113 or
0.131. The result of the NDS and HurriQuake equations (W)
is the withdrawal resistance per inch of penetration in the
main member for normal duration loads.
The result of the NDS and HurriQuake equations (W) is the
withdrawal resistance per inch of penetration in the main
member for normal duration loads.
NDS withdrawal design
HQ withdrawal design
W=1380G2.5D
* The HQ3 and HQ4 are 3 long versions of the HurriQuake nail. They may require special
nailers for proper installation.
12
nail of the same diameter. The HQ4 provides more than three
times the withdrawal resistance of the 8d common. The HQ1
and HQ2 can be substituted for sheathing nails as big as 10d
common (3 x 0.148) for withdrawal applications and at the
same time the HurriQuake nails will improve design capacity.
Withdrawal example
Given: The framing is SPF (G=0.42), and the side
member is 7/16 OSB.
What is the normal duration withdrawal resistance of
an 8d common nail?
W8dcom=21 lbf/ and Lm = 2.5. -0.4375 = 2.06
R8dcom = 20.7 lbf/ x 2.06 = 42.6 lbf
What is the normal duration withdrawal resistance of
an HQ1 nail?
WHQ1 = 52 lbf/ and Lm = 2.5 -0.4375. = 2.06
RHQ1 = 52 lbf/ x 2.06 = 107 lbf
C
7
Table 3. Nail withdrawal values for normal duration loads, lbf/inch of penetration in the main member.
Product code
0.42
0.43
0.50
0.55
HurriQuake
HQ1
0.113
42
52
54
67
76
HQ2
0.131
44
55
57
72
83
A,B
0.097, 0.099
10
15
16
24
30
0.105
11
17
18
26
33
0.113
12
18
19
28
35
0.120
13
19
20
29
37
0.131
14
21
22
32
41
0.148
16
23
25
36
46
0.162
17
26
27
43
50
Smooth shank
Deformed Shank
C
0.097, 0.099
11
17
18
26
33
0.113
13
20
21
30
38
0.120
14
21
22
32
41
0.128
15
22
24
34
44
13
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[[ Singl
Connect
|| SINGLE-FASTENER CONNECTION LATERAL SHEAR DESIGN ||
The reference lateral shear design values (Z) for smooth-shank nails are determined using the
single-shear yield limit equations of the NDS. The yield limit equations describe six modes of
yielding in a single-shear nail connection. The values of all six equations are calculated and the
lowest value of the six is the controlling yield value.
o determine the allowable shear design value, the
Z-value is multiplied by all applicable adjustment
factors, e.g., duration of load, moisture, temperature,
end-grain, and toe-nail adjustment factors.
Mode Im
Mode Is
Mode II
Mode IIIm
Mode IIIs
Mode IV
14
le-Fastener
tion Lateral Shear Design ]]
(3 x 0.148) in most all shear wall and
diaphragm applications with improved
design capacity.
Example [Lateral resistance of
single-fastener connections]
Given: The framing is SPF-South
(G=0.36), and the sheathing is 3/8
Structural 1 Plywood.
Table 4. Single-fastener shear values, Z (lbf) for typical sheathing products by wood species specific gravity.
Product code
Nail diameter
Side member
(thickness, material)
HQ1
0.113
3/8 plywood
93
93
98
HQ2
0.131
structural 1
90
92
103
112
D, E
0.113
50
51
54
56
102
G, H
0.131
65
66
71
73
0.148
78
79
85
88
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
7/16 OSB
77
78
80
82
77
78
81
84
D, E
0.113
52
53
56
58
G, H
0.131
67
68
73
75
0.148
80
81
87
90
HQ1
0.113
15/32 plywood
90
90
91
92
HQ2
0.131
structural 1
103
103
104
104
D, E
0.113
54
54
58
60
G, H
0.131
69
70
74
77
0.148
82
83
88
91
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
3/8 plywood
78
80
89
96
78
80
89
96
D, E
0.113
45
46
48
49
G, H
0.131
59
59
63
65
0.148
71
72
76
79
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
15/32 plywood
101
101
105
108
93
93
97
100
D, E
0.113
47
47
50
51
G, H
0.131
61
61
65
67
0.148
72
73
78
80
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
19/32 plywood
93
93
97
100
100
100
102
103
D, E
0.113
50
51
54
55
G, H
0.131
64
65
68
70
0.148
76
77
81
84
C
8
15
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[[ Singl
Connect
What is the single-fastener shear
resistance for HQ1 and HQ3 with the
same framing and sheathing
combination as the previous example?
Table 5. Design functions for single-fastener shear connections made with HurriQuake nails.
Sheating panel
Type/grade
3/8
125G 0.345
7/16
95G 0.240
15/32
95G 0.062
7/8
250G 1.215
3/8
150G 0.750
15/32
125G 0.250
19/32
120G 0.300
3/8
180G 0.800
7/16
100G 0.300
15/32
105G 0.020
7/8
110G 0.200
3/8
150G 0.750
15/32
120G 0.300
19/32
110G 0.115
23/32
115G 0.205
a Reference lateral design values from design functions are for normal loads and must be adjusted with all applicable adjustment factors.
b 0.36 G 0.50. If G > 0.50, use G=0.50 in calculation.
c For nominal lateral design values of other configurations with sawn lumber and engineered wood products, use NDS, Section 11.3, where
sheathing specific gravity, G, and dowel-bearing strength, Fes, for wood structural panels are according to NDS Table 11.3.2B, and
Fyb=100,000 psi.
16
le-Fastener
tion Lateral Shear Design ]]
showed that many typical coderecognized fasteners have reduction
factors less than 5, while the design
values for HurriQuake nails are based
on reduction factors of 5.0.
Lateral shear design values for
face-nailed connections with
HurriQuake nails can be calculated for
wood or engineered wood products
with other specific gravities. These
design functions are for a nominal 2-by
side member (actual thickness 1.5)
face-nailed to a main member that is at
least a nominal 2-by and both members
in the connection have the same
specific gravity or equivalent specific
gravity. The calculated value is for
normal duration loads (lbf),
HQ1
ZHQ1 = 175G1.2
HQ2
ZHQ2 = 195G1.2
HQ3
ZHQ3 = 370G1.5
HQ4
ZHQ4 = 245G0.9
These design functions should not be used for other fasteners because the
result is valid only for HurriQuake nail products.
C
8
Table 6. Normal duration lateral shear capacity, Z (lbf) for two-member face-nailed 2-by lumber connections of the same specific gravity.
Fastener
Product code
Length (inch)
Shank diameter
(inch)
0.42 (SPF)
0.43 (Hem-Fir)
0.5 (DF-L)
0.55 (SP)
3 1/2
0.162
120
122
141
154
3 1/2
0.135
88
89
103
113
3 1/4
0.148
100
102
118
128
0.148
100
102
118
128
G, H
0.131
82
84
97
106
0.128
79
80
93
101
G, H
2 1/2
0.131
62
64
74
81
HQ1
2 1/2
0.113
62
64
76
85
HQ2
2 1/2
0.131
69
71
85
95
17
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[[ Prescrip
|| PRESCRIPTIVE FRAMING CONNECTIONS ||
Framing connections are made as Face-nail connections [F], End-nail connections
[E], or Toe-nail connections [T]. The geometries of the three types of connections
are discussed in Chapter 4 of this Guide.
ingle fastener connections are calculated by using the
NDS yield limit equations assuming that the connection
is a face-nail connection. Then, end-nail connections and
toe-nail connections are calculated using the face-nail connection
design value that is adjusted for the end-nail or toe-nail geometry.
For toe-nail connections the adjustment is for shear or withdrawal
depending on the planned loading. End-nail connections are
adjusted only for shear because withdrawal resistance cannot be
assigned to end-nail connections.
Framing connections can be made with either smooth-shank nails
or deformed-shank nails. If the connections are being calculated,
the same NDS yield limit equations are used for smooth-shank
nails and deformed shank nails. Allowable lateral shear design
values cannot be increased for generic deformed-shank nails. The
v
Table 7. Prescriptive floor framing connections
joist-to-band joist (29)(E)
Connection Description
Joist-to-band joist (29)[E]
joist-to-sill or girder or
(1)(T) girder (1)[T]
Joist-to-sill
18
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
4
Product
Code
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G.H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S12D-FH
F
F
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G.H
G,H
HQ1
HQ2
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S12D-FH
F
F
HQ1
2.5 x 0.131
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
S8D131-FH
RH-S1D0148EP
S12D131-FH
G,H
I
G,H
HQ2
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
G,H
F
F
Table 7. [continued]
blocking (joist or rafter) to-top plater (13)(T)
Connection Description
Blocking (joist or rafter) to top plate
(13)[T]
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
2.5 x 0.131
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
S8D131-FH
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
G
I
G,H
HQ2
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
G,H
F
F
HQ1
2.5 x 0.131
S8D131-FH
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
2.375 x 0.113
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
S8D-FH
F
F
E,D
Bridging-to-joist (2)[T](fasteners at
each end)
HQ2
2 x 0.113
S6D-FH
E,D
HQ1
6 in oc
2.5 x 0.113
S8D-FH
6 in oc
E,D
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
8 in oc
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
6 in oc
I
G,H
G,H
F
3 x 0.120
S10D-FH
4 in oc
2.375 x 0.113
S8D-FH
6 in oc
E,D
HQ2
6 in oc
2 x 0.113
2.25 x 0.099
S6DFH
3 in oc
E,D
B,C
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S16D162EP
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
3, 24 in oc
L
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
3, 16 in oc
F
F
HQ2
2.5 x 0.131
S8D131-FH
4, 16 in oc
G,H
HQ1
1, 12 in oc
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
1, 16 in oc
HQ2
1, 16 in oc
3 x 0.131
S10D131-FH
1, 8 in oc
G,H
3.5 x 0.135
RH-S16D135EP
1, 16 in oc
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
C
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19
[[ Prescrip
Table 8. Prescriptive wall framing connections
Connection Description
Top or sole plate-to-stud (7)[E]
top or sole plate-to-stud (7)(E)
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
3
Product
Code
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D62EP
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25x 0.120
3 x 0.120
2.5 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
S8D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
G,H
HQ1
HQ2
2.375 x 0.113
2 x 0.113
2.25 x 0.099
S8D-FH
S6D-FH
D,E
D,E
B,C
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
2 each side
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
3 each side
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
10
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
10
3 x 0.131
S10D131-FH
12
G,H
3.5 x 0.135
RH-S16D135EP
3.5 x 0.135
RH-S16D135EP
3 per 16
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
2 per 16
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
S12D131-FH
S12D131-FH
3 per 16
I
G,H
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
4 per 16
G,H
F
F
HQ1
HQ2
20
4
4
Table 8. [continued]
sole plate-to-joist blocking at braced walls (6)(F)
Connection Description
Sole plate-to-joist or blocking (6)[F]
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
1, 12 in oc
Product
Code
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP 16 in oc
HQ2
1, 16 in oc
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
1, 12 in oc
3 x 0.148
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S10D148EP 16 in oc
RH-S16D162EP
I
L
HQ2
1, 12 in oc
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
1, 8 in oc
3 x 0.148
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S10D148EP 12 in oc
RH-S16D162EP
I
L
HQ2
1, 8 in oc
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
1, 24 in oc
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP 24 in oc
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
16 in oc
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
12 in oc
F
F
HQ2
1, 24 in oc
8 in oc
12 in oc
8 in oc
C
9
21
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[[ Prescrip
Table 9. Prescriptive roof and ceiling framing connections
Connection Description
Ceiling joist-to-plate (15)[T]
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
5
Product
Code
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP 3
3 x 0.148
RH-S10D148EP 4
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
HQ2
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
2.375 x 0.113
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
S8D-FH
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP 3
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP 4
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP 3
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP 4
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
3 x 0.148
RH-S16D162EP 3
RH-S10D148EP
L
I
HQ2
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
3 x 0.148
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S10D148EP 3
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
22
I
L
G,H
G,H
F
F
9. [continued]
Connection Description
Jack rafter-to-hip (28)[F]
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
3
Product
Code
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
HQ1
2.5 x 0.131
3.5 x 0.162
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
S8D131-FH
RH-S16D162EP
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
G
L
I
G,H
G,H
HQ2
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
2.375 x 0.113
2 x 0.113
S8D-FH
S6D-FH
D,E
D,E
B,C
2.25 x 0.099
roof rafter-to-2x ridge (28)(T)
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
C
9
HQ1
HQ2
23
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[[ Fa
|| FASTENING METAL HARDWARE ||
Metal connector nails (MCN nails) are generally used with prefabricated, cold-formed
steel connection hardware in light-frame wood construction. Pneumatic nailing of the
metal connectors has become the preferred method of installation due to the speed
and ease of installation as compared to hand nailing.
he appropriate nail for the steel connector is
determined by the connector manufacturer and it
is up to the builder, engineer or architect to ensure
an acceptable fastener is used in the application. The overall
strength and stiffness of the connector typically relies on the
fastener so it is essential the correct fastener is used.
The first step to determining the correct fastener for a specific
use is to consult the metal hardware manufacturers literature
for the specific connector and determine the fastener
specification in terms of diameter and length. Often, fasteners for
metal connectors are shorter than nails used for other framing
connections, but the length depends upon the specific
connectors. Careful review of the table notes is necessary. If in
doubt, contact the connector manufacturer prior to installation.
The Stanley Bostitch MCN nails are offered in five nail sizes:
> 0.131 by 1-1/2
> 0.131 by 2-1/2
> 0.148 by 1-1/2
> 0.148 by 2-1/2
> 0.162 by 2-1/2
Due to the critical nature of the MCN fasteners applications, a
raised identification symbol is applied to Stanley Bostitch
nail heads during manufacturing (Figure 13). The head marking
facilitates inspection and verification of size after installation.
Figure 13. Illustration of the MCN nail head identification marking.
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
0.131 x 1-1/2 0.131 x 2-1/2 0.148 x 1-1/2 0.148 x 2-1/2 0.162 x 2-1/2
24
Table 10. Reference lateral design values Z (lbf), for Stanley Bostitch MCN nails used in steel-to-wood connections for typical wood
specific gravities.
Head Identification
Product Code
MCN1, MCN2
103
96
82
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
122
113
97
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
149
137
118
MCN1, MCN2
102
95
82
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
121
112
97
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
148
137
118
MCN1, MCN2
126
117
102
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
149
138
120
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
172
160
139
MCN1, MCN2
102
94
81
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
123
114
98
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
148
136
117
ASTM A1011-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 3-gauge and No. 7-gauge side plates
B1, B2
MCN1, MCN2
144
133
114
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
175
161
138
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
204
188
165
MCN1, MCN2
146
134
114
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
176
162
138
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
211
194
170
Lateral design values are for normal loads and must be multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors in the applicable code.
C
1
0
Lateral design values are based on: Fyb = 100,000 psi (689 MPa) for 0.0131-inch (3.4 mm) diameter nails; Fyb = 90,000 psi (620
MPa) for 0.148-inch (3.8 mm) diameter nails and 0.162-inch (4.1 mm) diameter nails.
Base metal thickness for No. 3 gauge is 0.2391 inch (6.07 mm); base metal thickness for No. 7 gauge is 0.1793 inch (4.55 mm);
base metal thickness for No. 10 gauge is 0.1345 inch (3.42 mm); base metal thickness for No. 12-gauge is 0.1046 inch (2.66 mm);
base metal thickenss for No.16 gauge is 0.0540 inch (1.37 mm); base metal thickness for No. 18-gauge is 0.0480 inch (1.22 mm);
base metal thickness for No. 20 gauge is 0.0358 inch (0.91 mm); dowel bearing capacity (Fes) for ASTM A653, SS designation,
Grade 33 (No. 10 and No. 20 gauge) is 61,850 psi (426 MPa); dowel bearing strength for ASTM A570, Grade 33, No. 3 gauge is
78,000 psi (537 MPa), dowel bearing capacity for ASTM A1011, Grade 33 No. 7 gauge is 71,500 psi (493 MPa); dowel bearing capacity of ASTM A36, No. 3 gauge is 87,000 psi (599 MPa). Capacities of other configurations maybe
determined with appropriate engineering calculation using NDS, Section 11.
3
Actual specific gravity of sawn lumber or equivalent specific gravity for structural composite lumber as determined by ASTM D 5456.
25
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|| DIAPHRAGM DESIGN ||
Diaphragms are flat or pitched assemblies that are part of the lateral force resisting system in the
building. The most recognizable diaphragms are the roof, whether flat or gable, and the floors.
he most recognizable diaphragms are the roof,
whether flat or gable, and the floors. The published
building code diaphragm design values are based
on work by the APA-The Engineered Wood Association. Unit
shear values for wind and seismic forces are calculated using
a numerical model that relies on the lateral shear design
values of single-fastener connections and incorporates
important construction details such as framing spacing,
perimeter fastening schedule, sheathing panel grade, and
failure due to sheathing buckling. The model employs
coefficients derived from test data and the model was validated
by full-scale tests. The HurriQuake diaphragm design values
are based on a similar general model that uses the singlefastener connection capacity and is calibrated to the building
code model. Unit shear design values are given in Tables 11
to 18 for sheathing materials based on thickness and grade.
Diaphragm Design and Construction Details
Diaphragm design values are for:
< Wind or seismic loadings
< Douglas-fir (G=0.50) or Southern Pine (G=0.55) framing
< Framing spacing is 24 o.c. unless otherwise stated
< Wood structural panels are attached to and in contact with
the framing.
Diaphragm Design Adjustments
1. All requirements of the applicable building code pertaining
to diaphragm design and construction shall be met.
2. The tabulated values are for short-term loads and should be
reduced for normal duration of load by 40 percent based on
the duration of load factor of 1.6 and a diaphragm nailing
factor of 1.1.
3. Adjustment for lumber specific gravity: Allowable shear
values for diaphragms shall be adjusted for lumber
specific gravity when 0.42G<0.5, then multiply by
0.82, if G<0.42, then multiply by 0.65.
4. When negative pressure is a design consideration,
fastener spacing shall be considered.
5. Design values are for framing spacing up to 24 o.c.
6. Nail slip (en) used in the diaphragm deflection equation is
26
Diaphragm boundary
Load
[[ Diaphragm Design ]]
Load
CASE 4
CASE 5
Framing
Blocking
Load
CASE 6
Framing
Blocking
Figure 14. Sheathing and framing layouts for the six diaphragm cases.
Diaphragm design cases: (a) Case 1 -- Load direction parallel to framing; panel strength axis per perpendicular to load and
panel joints staggered relative to load direction and aligned in normal direction; (b) Case 2 -- Load direction perpendicular to
framing; panel strength axis parallel to load direction and panel joints are staggered relative to load direction and aligned
in normal direction; (c) Case 3 -- Load direction perpendicular to framing; panel strength axis parallel to load direction and
panel joints aligned with load direction and staggered in normal direction; (d) Case 4 -- Load direction and framing parallel;
panel strength axis perpendicular to load direction panel joints aligned with load direction and staggered in normal
direction; (e) Case 5 -- Load direction and framing parallel; panel strength axis perpendicular to load direction and panel
joints aligned in both directions; (f) Case 6 -- Load direction perpendicular to framing; panel strength axis parallel to load
direction and panel joints aligned in both directions.
C
1
1
27
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
Table 11. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 3/8 structural 1 plywood.
Fastener
Product
code
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
D,E
B,C
B,C
A
A
J
J
K
K
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.120
0.113
0.099
2 1/4
0.092
2 1/4
15 gauge
1 3/4
16 gauge
1 1/2
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Blocked diaphragms
Unblocked diaphragms
Fasteners spaced 6
maximum at supported edges
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
305
340
310
350
270
300
230
255
205
230
165
185
145
160
220
245
175
200
270
305
280
310
240
265
200
225
180
205
145
160
130
145
195
215
155
175
200
230
210
235
180
200
150
170
135
155
110
120
95
110
145
165
115
130
405
455
415
465
360
400
305
340
275
305
215
245
190
215
290
325
235
265
605
680
625
700
530
600
455
510
410
460
325
365
290
325
435
490
350
395
685
770
705
790
600
675
515
580
465
520
370
415
325
365
495
555
400
450
Table 12. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 7/16 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Fastener
Product
code
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
Blocked diaphragms
Unblocked diaphragms
Fasteners spaced 6
maximum at supported edges
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
28
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
2
3
2
3
2.5
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
285
320
285
320
255
285
260
290
190
215
195
215
380
425
385
430
565
635
570
340
640
720
645
725
[[ Diaphragm Design ]]
Table 13. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 15/32 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Fastener
Product
code
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
I
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
D,E
B,C
B,C
A
A
J
J
K
K
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.148
0.131
2 1/2
0.120
0.113
0.099
2 1/4
0.092
2 1/4
15 gauge
1 3/4
16 gauge
1 1/2
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Blocked diaphragms
Unblocked diaphragms
Fasteners spaced 6
maximum at supported edges
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
305
340
310
350
320
360
270
300
230
255
205
230
165
185
145
160
215
245
175
200
270
305
280
310
285
320
240
265
200
225
180
205
145
160
130
145
195
215
155
175
200
230
210
235
215
240
180
200
150
170
135
155
110
120
95
110
145
165
115
130
405
455
415
465
425
480
360
400
305
340
275
305
215
245
190
215
290
325
235
265
605
680
625
700
640
720
530
600
455
510
410
460
325
365
290
325
435
490
350
395
685
770
705
790
730
820
600
675
515
580
465
520
370
415
325
365
495
555
400
450
Table 14. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 7/8 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Fastener
Product
code
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
Blocked diaphragms
Unblocked diaphragms
Fasteners spaced 6
maximum at supported edges
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
2
3
2
3
2.5
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
400
450
405
460
360
300
365
410
270
200
275
305
535
600
545
610
800
900
815
915
C
1
1
905
1020
820
1035
29
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
Table 15. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 3/8 plywood rated sheathing.
Fastener
Product
code
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
D,E
B,C
B,C
A
A
J
J
K
K
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.120
0.113
0.099
2 1/4
0.092
2 1/4
15 gauge
16 gauge
1 1/2
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Blocked diaphragms
Unblocked diaphragms
Fasteners spaced 6
maximum at supported edges
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
240
270
245
280
240
270
210
235
185
210
145
165
130
145
195
220
160
180
215
240
220
220
215
240
185
210
165
185
130
145
115
125
175
195
140
160
160
180
165
165
160
180
140
155
125
140
100
110
85
95
130
145
105
120
320
360
330
370
320
360
280
315
250
280
195
220
170
195
260
295
210
235
480
540
500
560
480
540
420
470
375
420
295
330
260
290
390
440
315
355
545
610
565
565
545
610
475
530
425
475
335
375
290
330
445
495
360
400
Table 16. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 15/32 plywood rated sheathing.
Fastener
Product
code
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
I
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
D,E
B,C
B,C
A
A
J
J
K
K
30
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.148
0.131
2 1/2
0.120
0.113
0.099
2 1/4
0.092
2 1/4
15 gauge
16 gauge
1 1/2
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Blocked diaphragms
Unblocked diaphragms
Fasteners spaced 6
maximum at supported edges
Case 1
275
310
300
340
290
325
265
300
230
255
205
230
165
185
145
160
195
220
160
180
245
275
270
300
255
290
235
265
200
225
180
205
145
160
130
145
175
195
140
160
365
410
400
450
385
430
355
400
305
340
275
305
215
245
190
215
260
295
210
235
454
615
600
675
575
650
535
600
455
510
410
460
325
365
290
315
390
440
315
355
620
695
680
765
655
735
605
680
515
580
465
520
370
415
325
365
445
500
360
400
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
185
205
200
225
190
215
180
200
150
170
135
155
110
120
85
95
130
145
105
120
[[ Diaphragm Design ]]
Table 17. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 19/32 plywood rated sheathing.
Fastener
Product
code
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
I
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
D,E
B,C
B,C
A
A
J
J
K
K
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.148
0.131
2 1/2
0.120
0.113
0.099
2 1/4
0.092
2 1/4
15 gauge
16 gauge
1 1/2
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Blocked diaphragms
Unblocked diaphragms
Fasteners spaced 6
maximum at supported edges
Case 1
310
350
365
415
320
360
270
305
230
260
210
235
170
190
150
170
215
245
175
200
280
310
330
370
285
320
240
270
205
235
185
210
150
170
135
155
195
215
155
175
415
465
490
550
425
480
360
405
310
350
280
315
225
255
205
230
290
325
235
265
620
695
740
830
640
720
540
605
465
520
420
470
340
380
305
340
435
490
350
395
705
790
835
940
730
820
610
685
525
590
475
535
385
435
345
390
495
555
400
450
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
210
235
245
275
215
240
180
200
155
175
140
155
115
125
100
115
145
165
115
130
Table 18. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 23/32 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Fastener
Product
code
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
Blocked diaphragms
Unblocked diaphragms
Fasteners spaced 6
maximum at supported edges
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
2
3
2
3
2.5
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
280
315
330
370
250
280
295
330
190
210
220
250
375
420
440
495
560
630
660
740
C
1
1
635
715
745
840
31
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
32
Table 19. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 3/8 Structural 1 plywood.
Product code
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)
2 1/2
2 1/2
320
320
500
490
640
640
845
835
2 1/2
2 1/2
265
265
415
410
530
530
705
695
0.148
230
360
460
610
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
230
360
460
610
0.120
200
305
405
515
D,E
0.113
180
270
365
465
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
145
220
290
370
0.092
2 1/4
130
190
255
325
15 gauge
1 3/4
195
290
385
495
16 gauge
1 1/2
155
235
315
400
Table 20. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 7/16 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Product code
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)
2 1/2
2 1/2
310
320
465
490
620
640
790
835
2 1/2
2 1/2
265
265
415
410
530
530
705
695
280
430
550
730
0.148
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
260
390
520
665
0.120
220
335
445
565
D,E
0.113
200
300
400
510
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
160
240
320
405
0.092
2 1/4
140
210
280
360
15 gauge
1 3/4
210
320
425
540
16 gauge
1 1/2
170
260
345
440
C
1
2
33
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
Table 21. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 15/32 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Product code
HQ1
HQ2
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)
0.113
0.131
2 1/2
2 1/2
2
825
980
0.148
340
510
665
870
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
285
425
570
725
0.120
240
365
485
620
D,E
0.113
220
325
435
555
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
175
260
345
440
0.092
2 1/4
155
230
305
390
15 gauge
1 3/4
230
345
465
590
16 gauge
1 1/2
185
280
375
475
Table 22. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 3/8 plywood rated sheathing.
Product code
Nail diameter
(inches)
34
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)
2 1/2
2 1/2
265
260
395
395
525
525
745
665
2 1/2
2 1/2
220
215
325
325
435
435
620
555
0.148
220
320
410
530
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
220
320
410
530
0.120
180
270
365
465
D,E
0.113
165
245
325
415
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
130
195
265
335
0.092
2 1/4
115
170
230
295
15 gauge
1 3/4
175
260
350
445
16 gauge
1 1/2
140
210
280
360
Table 23. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 15/32 Plywood rated sheathing.
Product code
HQ1
HQ2
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)
0.113
0.131
2 1/2
2 1/2
2
750
885
0.148
310
460
600
770
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
255
385
510
650
0.120
220
325
435
555
D,E
0.113
195
295
390
500
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
155
235
310
395
0.092
2 1/4
140
205
275
350
15 gauge
1 3/4
210
310
415
530
16 gauge
1 1/2
170
255
335
430
Table 24. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 19/32 Plywood rated sheathing.
Product code
HQ1
HQ2
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)
0.113
0.131
2 1/2
2 1/2
2
745
885
0.148
340
510
665
870
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
285
430
575
730
0.120
245
370
495
630
D,E
0.113
225
335
445
570
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
180
270
360
460
0.092
2 1/4
160
245
325
415
15 gauge
1 3/4
230
345
465
590
16 gauge
1 1/2
185
280
375
475
C
1
2
35
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
|| WIND RESISTANCE ||
Design for wind forces requires attention to pressures that are imposed on the
walls as lateral racking forces, lateral forces create out-of-plane bending and
negative pressures where fastener withdrawal can be the controlling load. The
prescriptive nailing schedules differentiate between edge nailing, meaning the
panel edges, and the field nailing, meaning the attachment to the intermediate
framing members.
able 25 provides prescriptive nailing schedules
recognized in the IBC and IRC for wind speeds that
are less than 110 mph, mean building height less
than 30, Importance factor =1.0, and topographic factor =
1.0. In Table 25, the adjustment factor for Exposure C at 30
height is 1.4. The roof sheathing nailing zones referenced in
Tables 25 and 26 are shown in Figure 15.
Any of the HurriQuake nails can be used as an alternate to
8d common nails or galvanized 8d box nails in the Table 25
fastening schedules because the HurriQuake Nails
exceed the 8d common in withdrawal and lateral shear
design capacities. Prescriptive nail schedules for HurriQuake
nails are given in Table 26 for negative pressure resistance
in wind conditions up to 170 mph (3-sec gust) in Exposure B
or Exposure C. The prescriptive nailing schedules should be
checked to verify that sufficient lateral resistance is provided
for the roof to function as a diaphragm. In Table 26, only the
HurriQuake field nail schedule is given because, 6 edge
nailing is sufficient for all roof zones in all wind zones for site
Exposures B and C.
Figure 15. Roof Zones for use with prescriptive nailing schedules
of Table 24 and Table 25; Roof Zones for UBC, IBC, and IRC. For
gable roofs slope 7, shaded area is Zone 1; for gable roof 7 <
slope 45, shaded area is Zone 2.
A
3
3
A
A
Table 25. Roof sheathing fastening requirements for compliance with the IBC and IRC.
Panel thickness (inches)
1/2
Product code
HQ1, HQ2
Fastener
2.5 x 0.0113
D, E
2.375 x 0.113
4/8
K
HQ1, HQ2
2 x 16-gauge staple
2.5 x 0.131
3/6
6/12
D, E
2.375 x 0.113
4/8
7/8 to 1
K
HQ1, HQ2
2 x1 6-gauge staple
2.5 x 0.131
4/8
6/12
1-1/8 to 1-1/4
H
HQ1, HQ2
6/12
6/12
6/12
19/32 to 3/4
36
[[ Wind Resistance ]]
Table 26. HurriQuake fastening requirements for compliance with IBC and IRC in wind zones up to 170 mph (3-s gust) with
Exposures B and C (roof zones shown in Figure 14).
Roof slope
(degrees)
Roof rise
(inches
per 12
inches
run)
Roof zone4
v<170
C
0 to 1.5
1.5+ to 6
6+ to 12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
0 to 1.5
1.5+ to 6
6+ to 12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
C
1
3
7. The combination plywood sheathing ts 15/32, (rated 24/16 and 32/16), frame spacing 24 o.c., roof slope < 27 degrees should not be
used where wind velocity > 140 mph with Exposure C.
37
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
These product codes are provided for convenience of the Guide user. A complete
list of fastener products and tools is available on line at www.Bostitch.com
Bostitch sku
C7P90BDG
C8P90BDG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.092
Smooth
Thickcoat
15 degree wire weld coil
Bostitch sku
C6P99D
C8P99D
C6P99DG
C8P99DG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.099
Smooth
Brite
15 degree wire weld coil
C8R99BD
FC7DS099BD-PP
C6R99BC
FC8DS099BD-PP
0.099
Smooth
Thickcoat
15 degree wire weld coil
C7R99BCG
C8R99BDSS
C8R99BCG
0.099
Deformed
Brite
15 degree wire weld coil
S6D-FH
S6D-2M
S8D
0.099
Deformed
Thickcoat
15 degree wire weld coil
S6DGAL-FH
S6DGAL-2M
S8DGAL
0.099
Deformed
Stainless
15 degree wire weld coil
RH-S6DEP
RH-S8D113EP
0.113
Smooth
Brite
28 degree wire weld stick
RH-S6DHDG
RH-S8D113HDG
0.113
Smooth
Thickcoat
28 degree wire weld stick
PT-S6D113EP
PT-S8D113EP
0.113
Smooth
Brite
21 degree plastic stick
PT-S8D113HDG
Bostitch sku
0.113
Smooth
Thickcoat
21 degree plastic stick
C8R113DG
0.113
Smooth
Brite
33 degree paper stick
S6DR113GAL-FH
S6DR113GAL
S8DRGAL
0.113
Smooth
Thickcoat
33 degree paper stick
RH-S8DR113EP
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.113
Deformed
Thickcoat
15 degree wire weld coil
0.113
Deformed
Thickcoat
28 degree wire weld stick
0.113
Deformed
Brite
21 degree wire weld stick
Bostitch sku
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
Bostitch sku
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
Bostitch sku
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
38
S6DR113-FH
S6DR113-2M
S8DR
S8DS
0.113
Deformed
Brite
28 degree wire weld stick
[[ Product Codes ]]
Bostitch sku
RH-S6DRHDG
RH-S8DR11HDG
PT-S6DR113EP
PT-S8DR113EP
PT-S8DR113HDG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.113
Deformed
Thickcoat
21 degree plastic stick
0.113
Deformed
Brite
33 degree paper stick
0.113
Deformed
Thickcoat
33 degree paper stick
Bostitch sku
C10P120D
C12P120D
C8P120D
C10P120DG
C12P120DG
C8P120DG
S10D-FH
S12D-FH
S8D-FH
S10DGAL-FH
S12DGAL-FH
S8DGAL-FH
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.120
Smooth
Brite
15 degree wire weld coil
0.120
Smooth
Thickcoat
15 degree wire weld coil
0.120
Smooth
Brite
28 degree wire weld stick
0.120
Smooth
Thickcoat
28 degree wire weld stick
Bostitch sku
RH-S10D120EP
RH-S12D120EP
RH-S10D120HDG
PT-S10D120EP
PT-S10D120HDG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.120
Smooth
Brite
21degree plastic stick
0.120
Smooth
Thickcoat
22 degree plastic stick
0.120
Smooth
Brite
33 degree paper stick
0.120
Smooth
Thickcoat
33 degree paper stick
Bostitch sku
C8P131D-4.5M
C10P131D
C12P131D
C16P131D
C10P131DG
C16P131DG
S8D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D131-FH
S16D131-FH
S8D131GAL
S16D131GAL-FH
S10D131GAL
S12D131GAL
S16D131GAL
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Smooth
Brite
15 degree wire weld coil
0.131
Smooth
Thickcoat
15 degree wire weld coil
0.131
Smooth
Brite
28 degree wire weld stick
0.131
Smooth
Thickcoat
28 degree wire weld stick
Bostitch sku
RH-S8D131EP
RH-S10D131EP
RH-S12D131EP
RH-S16D131EP
RH-S8D131HDG
RH-S10D131HDG
RH-S12D131HDG
RH-S16D131HDG
PT-S10D131EP
PT-S12D131EP
PT-S16D131EP
PT-S12D131HDG
PT-S16D131HDG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Smooth
Brite
21degree plastic stick
0.131
Smooth
Thickcoat
22 degree plastic stick
0.131
Smooth
Brite
33 degree paper stick
0.131
Smooth
Thickcoat
33 degree paper stick
Bostitch sku
C10S131DG
S16DS
S12DR131-FH
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Deformed
Thickcoat
15 degree wire weld coil
0.131
Deformed
Brite
28 degree wire weld stick
0.131
Deformed
Thickcoat
28 degree wire weld coil
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Bostitch sku
RH-S10DR131EP
RH-S10DR131HDG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.1131
Deformed
Brite
21 degree plastic stick
0.131
Deformed
Thickcoat
22 degree paper stick
Bostitch sku
C10P148D-SHORT
RH-S214DEP
RH-S10D148EP
RH-S12D148EP
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.148
Smooth
Brite
15 degree wire weld coil
0.148
Smooth
Brite
21 degree plastic stick
Bostitch sku
15S4-44G
15S4-50GA
15S4-57G
15S4-63G
Staple gauge
Shank type
Coating
Collation
15
Smooth
Brite
Adhesive
Bostitch sku
16S2-38
16S4-38
16S4-41
16S4-44
16S4-50
16S5-38
16S5-40
16S5-44
16S5-50
16S2-38GAL
16S4-38GAL
16S4-41GAL
16S4-44GAL
16S4-50GAL
16S5-44GAL
16S5-50GAL
Staple gauge
Shank type
Coating
Collation
16
Smooth
Brite
Adhesive
16
Smooth
Galvanized
Adhesive
Bostitch sku
RH-S16D162EP
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.162
Smooth
Brite
21 degree plastic stick
Bostitch sku
RH-S16D135EP
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.135
Smooth
Brite
21 degree plastic stick
[[ Product Codes ]]
Bostitch sku
C8DR113-HQ
RH-S8DR113-HQ
RH-S8DR113-HQG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.113
Deformed
Brite
15 degree wire weld coil
0.113
Deformed
Brite
21 degree plastic
0.113
Deformed
Thickcoat
22 degree plastic
Bostitch sku
C8DR131-HQ
RH-S8DR131-HQ
RH-S8DR131-HQG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Deformed
Brite
15 degree wire weld coil
0.131
Deformed
Brite
21 degree plastic
0.131
Deformed
Thickcoat
22 degree plastic
Bostitch sku
C10DR113-HQ
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.113
Deformed
Brite
15 degree wire weld coil
Bostitch sku
C10DR131-HQ
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Deformed
Brite
15 degree wire weld coil
Bostitch sku
PT-MC13115-1M
PT-MC13115GAL-1M
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Smooth
Brite
Paper
0.131
Smooth
Galvanized
Paper
Bostitch sku
PT-MC13125-1M
PT-MC13125GAL-1M
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Smooth
Brite
Paper
0.131
Smooth
Galvanized
Paper
Bostitch sku
PT-MC14815-1M
PT-MC14815GAL-1M
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.148
Smooth
Brite
Paper
0.148
Smooth
Galvanized
Paper
Bostitch sku
PT-MC14825-1M
PT-MC14825GAL-1M
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.148
Smooth
Brite
Paper
0.148
Smooth
Galvanized
Paper
Bostitch sku
PT-MC16225-1M
PT-MC16225GAL-1M
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.162
Smooth
Brite
Paper
0.162
Smooth
Galvanized
Paper
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[[ Appendix 1.
|| APPENDIX 1 BUILDING CODE ACRONYMS ||
Where the TLAs are flying, this sheet will help you to stay in the conversation.
42
AF&PA
ICBO
AISI
ICC
AITC
APA
ICC-ES
ICC-IAS
ASCE
ICC-600
ASD
ASTM
AWPA
IEBC
IFC
IMPC
BNBC
IRC
BOCA
ISANTA
CABO
COLA RR
ISO
LRFD
CNBC
CSA
DF
DFL
LSD
LSL
LVL
MCN
ESR
MSR
EWP
FBC
MWFRS
NDS
FEMA
NER
HQ
IAPMO-ES
HurriQuake Nails
NLGA
NRC
SCL
SE
SI
SP
SPF
SPFS
SPIB
SSTD-10
SDPWS
UBC
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Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
|| APPENDIX 2 GLOSSARY ||
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AC (n)
Chemically
treated
wood (n)
Collation (n)
ANSI (n)
Common
wire nail (n)
ASD (n)
ASTM (n)
Corrosion
resistant
fasteners (n)
AF&PA (n)
APA (n)
CNBC (n)
CSA (n)
AWC (n)
AWPA (n)
Dead load
(n)
Deformed
shank (n)
Density (n)
Blocked
diaphragm (n)
Diaphragm
(n)
Dowel (n)
Brite (adj)
Duration of
load effect
(n)
Cement (n)
Face-nail
connection
(n)
[[ Appendix 2. Glossary ]]
Effective
head area (n)
EWP (n)
Electrogalvanization
(n)
End-nail
connection
(n)
Gauge (n)
Glulam (n)
ER-120 (n)
Grade stamp
(n)
ESR-1482 (n)
Gripper
marks (n)
Hardwood
(n)
ESR-1539 (n)
Head (n)
ESR-2020 (n)
Hot-dip
galvanized (n)
ESR-2122 (n)
IAPMO-ES
(n)
ER-5426 (n)
Evaluation report No. 5426 that provides engineering evaluation for power-driven pins for use
in construction with cold-formed steel framing
and wood structural panel sheathing. Issued by
ICC-ES and shows compliance with UBC 1997.
ICC (n)
IBC (n)
ICC-ES (n)
Evaluation
report (n)
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ICC-IAS (n)
MSR (n)
IRC (n)
Nail (n)
ISANTA (n)
NDS (n)
Legacy building
code (n)
NER272 (n)
OSB (n)
LFRS (n)
Pennyweight
system (n)
Pins (n)
LRFD (n)
Main
member (n)
Plywood (n)
Mechanical
galvanization (n)
Metal connector
nails (n)
Preservative
treated wood
(n)
Pull-through
(n)
Moisture
content (n)
Rated
sheathing (n)
[[ Appendix 2. Glossary ]]
Reference
design
property (n)
Stiffness
(n)
Ring
shank (n)
Strength
(n)
SCL (n)
SLS (n)
Screw (n)
Shear (n)
Structural 1
(n)
Tip (n)
Shear
wall (n)
Sheathing
(n)
SI units
(n)
Toe-nail
connection
(n)
Traditional
units (n)
Unit shear
resistance
(n)
Side
grain (n)
Visually
graded
lumber (n)
Side
member (n)
Sinker (n)
Withdrawal
(n)
Wood
structural
panel (n)
Softwood
(n)
Wood that comes from coniferous trees (needlebearing trees), e.g., pine, spruce, fir, Douglas-fir.
Material hardness is not implied or inferred from
the termsoftwood.
Yield limit
equations
(n)
Spike (n)
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