Modelling, Simulation and Computer Applications (11M1WCE114)

Solution (Final Sem Exam 2014)

Section-A
1. (a) Optimal control problem
(b) Polynomials can have negative coefficients whereas posynomials must have only positive
coefficients.

(c) No. When analytical solution is available simulation can not yield better results than its
conventional analytical approach.
(d) Large deformations / rotations change the shape and results in production of secondary
moments due to eccentricities of loads. Materials after elastic limit behave in a nonlinear
manner, therefore in inelastic stage, non linearity comes into picture.
(e) Deterministic model: It is a model in which every sets of variables is uniquely determined
by parameters. It will thus always produce the some output from a given initial states.
Stochastic model: it is model in randomness is involved and variables states are not
described by unique value.
For examples, please refer PPT on Types of Models.
(f) The evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) has been getting growing attention
over the past decade. The classification is also appropriate from two other perspectives. The
classical approaches usually use deterministic transition rules, whereas non classical
approaches usually use stochastic rules. They are also different from each other in another vital
aspect. Classical methods mostly attempt to scalarize multiple objectives and perform repeated
applications to find a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. On the other hand, an EMO method
attempts to find multiple Pareto-optimal solutions in a single simulation run, providing the
entire range of solutions (with ideal and nadir points) and the shape of the Pareto-optimal front.
(g) minimum, maximum
The _minimum __value of primal function is equal to _maximum_ value of dual function.
(h) SSM: A stochastic method for the solution of unconstrained multi-objective optimization
problems was proposed by Schafffer in 2002. The method is based on the solution of a set of
stochastic differential equations. This method requires the objective functions to be twice

continuously-differentiable. It may be used for the computation of all or a large number of

Pareto-optimal solutions.
TPM: As early as in 1980, Timmel proposed a population-based stochastic approach forfinding
multiple Pareto-optimal solutions of a differentiable multi-objective optimization problem. In
this method, first, a feasible solution set (we call it a population) is randomly created. For details
refer, PDF file on Pareto solutions.
(i) Neumann conditions consist of these two:
(a) The value (x, y) is specified at each point on the boundary: Dirichlet conditions
(b) The derivative normal to the boundary n (x, y)

Section-B
2.

3.

5.

6.

7.

8. Solve this example replacing 80 with 8000, 10 with 1000, 20 with 2000; and 1 with 100.

9.