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Slide 12.1
Biopotential Amplifiers:
Circuits
www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/analogdevices/105505445AD620_e.pdf
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.2
Wheatstone
Bridge Circuit
Single Supply
configuration
Analog Ground
Amplifier Circuits
Wheatstone bridge
Slide 12.3
R1
R2
R3
RX
V+
Input to
instrumentation
amplifier
V
Transducer
(strain gauge)
R 1R 2
RX
V =
R3 R X
RX
R2
V V =
R3 R X R1 R 2
Choose: R1 =R3 R X =R 2
R 2
R2
V V =
R1 R 2 R1 R 2
V V
R1 R2
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.4
Wheatstone bridge:
Question
bending
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.5
Analog Grounds
Analog Ground.
V+ = 5V (20k)/(20k+10k+20k)
= 2V
The circuit is a unity gain follower.
The value of the follower: the output
impedance is much lower, so it can
source current without a drop in
voltage.
I would put capacitors (a few 100nF
of ceramics) on the input and output.
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.6
AGnd
Instead of ground, we connect
to the Analog Gnd level (=Signal Ground)
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.7
Gain calculation
A = 49.4k/RG +1
= 49.4k/0.499 + 1 = 100
So
Vo= 100(V+ V) + 2V
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.8
I would put a
resistor in this
Line, for patient
protection (may be in
protection/isolation
circuit)
Driven Ground
Circuit
Gain is
RG = (24.9k+24.9k)||8.25k
RG = 7.08k
A = 49.4k/7.08k + 1 = 8
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.9
Instrumentation
Amplifier
Averaging
Amplifier
times -1
Copyright by A. Adler, 2009 (including Material from J.G. Webster)
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.10
Lead I
Lead III
Lead II
Dominant
direction of
E field from
heart
Lead I: RA LA
Lead II: RA LL
Lead III: LALL
Thus, only the RL is left unused for
the diagnostic information
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.11
RG =8.25k224.9k =7.07k
Driven Ground
Circuit
R4
1M
DC Gain= =
=80
R3
24.9k24.9k
R
1M10k
AC Gain= 4 =
=0.8
R3
24.9k24.9k
f b point when :
AC |gain|<1
to prevent
oscillations
1
10k =1M
jC
1
2
10k
=1M
2
C
2
2 1
=C 1M 100k =C995k
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.12
Components of a
medical ECG amplifier
Functional Blocks
Protection Circuits
Isolation Circuits
Lead selector
Calibration signal
Preamplifier (with high CMRR)
Main amplifier (with settable gain)
Driven RL circuit
Analog to Digital Converter
Memory
Local display
Upload / link to hospital IT system
And if the unit is wireless, then there are still more components required:
Battery, wireless LAN connection, security, local storage & upload for when
LAN not available ...
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.13
Ground loops
Open lead wires
Large signal transients
+
-1
Amplifier Circuits
Slide 12.14
Questions