Impression

materials (2)
Non-aqueous elastomeric impression materials:
They are also called rubber base materials.
They all undergo cross-linking polymerization reactions.
They have similar but not identical mixing and handling properties.
One very important difference between types of elastomers is the
adhesive used to bond the impression material to non-perforated metal
stock tray or custom tray.
1-polysulfides:
Composition:
They are supplied as two pastes in tubes:
White paste

Brown paste

- polysulfide polymer.

- Lead oxide.

- inorganic filler.

- oily organic chemicals.

- sulfur.

The working and setting times are accelerated by heat and humidity.
Advantages:
-The longest working time of any other elastomers.
-inexpensive.
-Easy to pour with gypsum materials.
Disadvantages:
-Disagreeable smell and taste.
-Stain clothing.
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-long working and setting time(15 min).

-Evaporation of water (by-product of reaction) results in distortion.
Uses:
-impression of crowns and bridges (light body is injected around teeth
and heavy body in the tray).
-complete denture impressions (light and medium body material).
2-Condensation silicones:
It supplied in two tubes:
Base

catalyst

-silicone and fillers

silicate.

-stannous octoate , alkyl

It comes in light, medium, heavy and putty viscosities.

The condensation reaction produces ethyl alcohol as by-product that
rapidly lost by evaporation
dimensional instability.
Advantages:
It is better than polysulfide in :
1- Ease of mixing.
2- Pleasant taste and odorless.
3-Shorter working and setting times.
Disadvantages:
-Contract with time and must be poured within a few minutes.
-It has poor wetting characteristics make it difficult to pour without
bubbles unless a surfactant is used.

Uses:

It has been used in crown and bridge procedures but it has been
replaced by addition silicone.
3-Addition silicone (polyvinyl siloxane or vinyl polysiloxane):
The most popular type of impression material especially for crowns
and bridges.
It comes in five viscosities: light, medium, heavy body, monophase
(more viscous than regular) and putty.
Each viscosity comes in two different colored pastes. The pastes
(except putty) are mixed in the same manner as polysulfides.
Also it supplied in double-barreled cartridges for use in automix gun
that forces the pastes through a tip which contain spiral-shaped baffle.
Jenis material cetak yg digunakan. Brand: Exaflex (GC), aquasil
(Dentsply), dsb

The baffle causes the material to swirl around and mixes two pastes

together.
Putty material:
It is mixed by kneading the two colors together with the fingers.
Vinyl gloves should be worn over hands washed with soap and water.
Latex gloves should not

be worn when mixing because sulfur in latex gloves inhibit the

polymerization reaction.
It sets faster than light, medium and heavy body materials.

Uses of putty:
It is used in wash technique(putty is mixed and placed in stock tray,
the light body is syringed around the prepared tooth).
It is also used to form a provisional restoration.
Advantages of addition silicones:
-They are clean.
-Have no unpleasant odor or taste.
-Accurate and stable impression material for a least a week without
distortion.
-can be poured up several times.
Uses:
-They are the most popular impression material for crown and bridge
impression.
-They used also for bite registration either by injecting the mixed
material directly on the occlusal surfaces of mandibular teeth then the
patient bite on it or by using bite tray.
Additives to the material:
1-surfactants:
A chemical that lowers the surface tension of a substance so it
increases wetting and decreases the likelihood of bubbles.
2-Hydrogen absorbers:
If the components are not formulated in the proper ratio or with the
proper purity, hydrogen gas is produced as secondary reaction.
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If a material is poured quickly, hydrogen gas is formed between

impression material and the model so hydrogen absorber is added to
the formulation to prevent this problem.
4-Polyethers:
Polyethers are supplied as light, medium and heavy body viscosities.
Equal lengths of material are dispensed from two unequal sized tubes
of base and catalyst onto a mixing pad.
It also comes in pouches of base and catalyst that are placed in
mechanical mixer then delivered into the impression tray.
Advantages:
-They set quickly.
-clean materials.
-short working and setting times.
-very accurate and easy to pour.
-can be poured up to a week and remain stable for several days.
Disadvantages:
-unpleasant taste and very stiff.
-expensive.
-very sensitive to temperature and moisture.
Features of elastic impression materials:
Impressio cost
n material

Surface Dimension Ease of Pour within Ability to

detail al stability use
repour

Agar

high

low

low

low

Immediately no

alginate

low

lowest

low

high

1 hr

no

Polysulfide

Medium

high

medium

medium 30 minseveral hrs

Yes, second not

as accurate

Condensati Medion silicone um

high

Low to
medium

medium 1 hr

yes

Addition
silicone

high

high

highest

high

1 wk

yes

Polyether

high

high

high

high

1 wk

yes

Disinfecting the impression:

Steps:
1-After removal from the mouth, impression should be rinsed with
water to remove saliva, blood and other debris.
2-Excess water should be shaken off before using the disinfectant as
not to dilute it.
3-Disinfectant can be applied by :
Immersion of impression or

spraying

4-They should be placed in a closed container or sealed plastic bag

before transported to the lab.
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5-Inspect the oral cavity for residual material upon removal( use
explorer and floss to remove alginate from embrasures).
6-clean the patients face with damp towel and rinse patients mouth.

Disadvantages of :
Immersion
spraying
Can cause distortion of
airborne particles of

1 -It creates

materials that prone to

could be inhaled

chemicals that

imbibe water and swell

patients.

by staff or

as polyethers and alginate.

2-It may not
reach all surfaces if sever
tissue
undercuts are present.
Different impression materials require different materials and
handling for disinfection:
Impression
material
Alginate &
Agar
Polysulfides

compatible disinfectants

NaHCl, iodophors

NaHCl, iodophors,
glutaraldehydes.

Immersion time

10-30 min or
spray
10-30 min

Silicones
(condensation
and addition)

NaHCl, iodophors,
glutaraldehydes, complex
phenolics.

10-30 min

Polyethers

NaHCl, iodophors, complex

phenolics.

> 10min or spray

compound

NaHCl, iodophors.

10-30 min

Zinc oxide
eugenol

iodophors, glutaraldehydes.

10-30 min

Spraying of the impression should be done inside a plastic bag or

headrest cover to contain the spray and protect the handler from
inhaling droplets.
Wax may distort when it is immersed. So the recommended procedure
is to rinse-spray-rinse-spray-rinse and then placed in the container
for transport.

Good Luck

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