11.

In the process of making raw material for sanitary wares industry, equipment that has function to sort
1.

Process/instrument used in a glass industry

Batching (Persiapan bahan baku): pada tahap ini dilakukan penggilingan, pengayakan bahan baku serta
pengotor-pengotornya.
Pencairan (melting/fushing): bahan baku yang sudah homogeny diayak dahulu sebelum dimasukan ke tungku
(furnace) bersuhu 1500C sehingga campuran mencair
Pembentukan (forming/shaping)
Anneling: tahap ini berfungsi untuk mencegah timbulnya tegangan-tegangan antar molekulpada kaca yang
tidak merata yang dapat menimbulkan kepecahan
Finishing dan pengendalian kualitas
2. The main raw materials for making glass
silica (silica dioxide)
3. Machine that have function to melt raw materials of glass
furnace
4. The processes in the purification of cane juice in a sugar industry
The clarification (or defecation) process is designed to remove both soluble and insoluble impurities (such
as sand, soil, and ground rock) that have not been removed by preliminary screening.
The process employs lime and heat as the clarifying agents. Milk of lime (about one pound per ton of cane)
neutralizes the natural acidity of the juice, forming insoluble lime salts.
The sugar beet solution, on the other hand, is purified by precipitating calcium carbonate, calcium sulfite,
or both in it repeatedly. Impurities become entangled in the growing crystals of precipitate and are
removed by continuous filtration.
The non-sugar impurities are removed by continuous filtration. The final clarified juice contains about 85
percent water and has the same composition as the raw extracted juice except for the removed
impurities.
To concentrate this clarified juice, about two-thirds of the water is removed through vacuum evaporation.
The vapor from the last cell goes to a condenser. The syrup leaves the last body continuously with about 65
percent solids and 35 percent water.
The sugar beet sucrose solution, at this point, is also nearly colorless, and it likewise undergoes multipleeffect vacuum evaporation. The syrup is seeded, cooled, and put in a centrifuge machine. The
finished beet crystals are washed with water and dried.
5. Addition of SO2 (defecation) in the process of refining sugar cane syrup is for
Sugar clariffication, to remove the sugar cane from impurities due to the oxidation after an extraction of
sugar cane | supaya gula jd putih dan bersih
6. The function sentrifuge in the sugar industry
The high-speed centrifugal action used to separate the massecuite into raw sugar crystals and molasses is
done in revolving machines called centrifugals.
7. The process of sanitary wares industrial
The production of sanitary ware includes milling and slip preparation section, casting section, green ware
section, glazing section, klin section and final inspection & packing section
8. What is flocculation?
Process of contact and adhesion whereby dispersed molecules or particles are held together by weak physical
interactions ultimately leading to phase separation by the formation of precipitates of larger than colloidal
size. | pemisahan sedimen dari fluida pada suatu larutan/ koloid. Dapat terjadi secara alami ato buatan.
Buatan dpt dilakukan dengan proses agitasi (pengadukan)
9. The name of the place to burn the ceramics?
The process name: Firing | equipment: Furnace (tungku pembakaran/kiln)
10. In the glazing process, what is the substance that is used for the formation of the glass?
The glaze itself consist of the following mineral: zircon, flespar, quartz, calcite, kaolin, zinc oxide. It is most
important at this stage that all glaze is thoroughly tested by the labolatory to ensure it complies with the
requaired spesification.

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31.

the raw material is

Vibrating Screen
The function of Hidrogenation Reactor on the margarine industry
Reaktor hidrogenasi: terbuat dari stainless steel yang beroperasi pada suhu 250C; 10 atm. Nama prosesnya
adalah hidrogenasi yang bertujuan untuk mereduksi ikatan rangkap menjadi ikatan tunggal. Dalam
pembuatan margarin reactor ini mengubah asam lemat tidak jenuh menjadi asam lemak jenuh (adisi).
The lowest kind of perfume is called.....
Colonge
Fixative is a compund used to reduce the evaporation level of perfumes. Example of fixative is....
Galaxolite, propylene glycol, protoni pronix, mithero | Resins (benzoin, Labdanum, myrrh, olibanum, storax,
tolubalsam), wood scents, amber bases
Process of margarine making
Treated with a caustic soda solution to remove unnecessary components known as free fatty acids. The oil is
then washed by mixing it with hot water, separating it, and leaving it to dry under a vacuum. Next,
the oil is sometimes bleached with a mixture of bleaching earth and charcoal in another vacuum
chamber.
The oil is then hydrogenated to ensure the correct consistency for margarine production (helping to increase
temperature)
In the initial step, the liquid, salt, and lecithin (emulsification agent) are mixed together into one tank
The margarine mixture is sent to a device called a Votator, the margarine emulsion is cooled in what is
referred
Catalysts that we used in hydrogenation in margarine making are
Nickel
Soap process making
KOH+H! O ! Lye Solution Cooling ! Fats Heating (110-140 C) ! Mixing ! pH checking (10) ! Add
color and scents ! packaging
Soap maker tool to split fatty acid and glycerine
Splitter (vertical stainless steel column)
Compound used as the emulsifier in soap industry is....
Trigliserida (minyak nabati dan lemak hewani) dengan alkali (NaOH/ KOH) menghasilkan sabun dan
gliserin | Sulfaktan
Perfume extraction process (leaching)
the process of extracting minerals from a solid by dissolving them in a liquid, the liquid is essential oil
The steps of dewatering process in coal industry using the method of Upgrading Brown Coal
Slurry dewatering/preparation( Bagian dari UBC Process)
The way to remove the water from coal is
Selama tahap dewatering, setelah bubuk batubara peringkat rendah dicampur dengan minyak (biasanya
minyak bumi ringan), dan kemudian dicampur dengan minyak berat (seperti aspal), dan dipanaskan dalam
evaporator, air akan terevaporasi dan ditampung di tempat yang sudah disediakan.
The products of Fischer Tropsch process
a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into
liquid hydrocarbons. The process, a key component of gas to liquids technology, produces a synthetic
lubrication oil and synthetic fuel
The name of the equipment to remove sulfur in CTL (coal to liquid) process
The coal tar and oil are then further processed by hydrotreating to remove sulfur and nitrogenspecies
The equipment is stripper | hydrotreator ( nama proses : hydrotreating)
The raw materials to produce cheese
Milk
The objective of standardization in the process of making cheese
Mengatur kada protein, lemak pada keju (dapat mengacu pada standar composision yang dikeluarkan badan
pemerintah) sehingga mendapat komposisi yang sesuai dengan low price

32. Nutrition for bacteria when its in the Fermentor Phase is.
Table 1. Major elements, their sources and functions in bacterial cells.
Element

% of dry
weight

Source

Function

Carbon

50

organic compounds
or CO2

Main constituent of cellular material

Oxygen

20

H2O, organic
compounds, CO2,
and O2

Constituent of cell material and cell water; O2 is

electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

Nitrogen

14

NH3, NO3, organic

compounds, N2

Constituent of amino acids, nucleic acids

nucleotides, and coenzymes

Hydrogen

H2O, organic
compounds, H2

Main constituent of organic compounds and cell

water

Phosphorus

inorganic
phosphates (PO4)

Constituent of nucleic acids, nucleotides,

phospholipids, LPS, teichoic acids

Sulfur

SO4, H2S, So,

organic sulfur
compounds

Constituent of cysteine, methionine, glutathione,

several coenzymes

Potassium

Potassium salts

Main cellular inorganic cation and cofactor for

certain enzymes

Magnesium

0.5

Magnesium salts

Inorganic cellular cation, cofactor for certain

enzymatic reactions

Calcium

0.5

Calcium salts

Inorganic cellular cation, cofactor for certain

enzymes and a component of endospores

Iron

0.2

Iron salts

Component of cytochromes and certain nonheme

iron-proteins and a cofactor for some enzymatic
reactions

33. What is the function of Argon (Ar) gas in Ladle Refining Stand and Furnace process?
Ensure homogenity

34. What is the effect of Carbon (C) addition in steel?

Bertambahnya kandungan carbon dalam steel maka steel akan semakin kuat (harder and stronger) namun
dapat mengurangi elastisitasnya (less ductile)
35. Why annealing process makes the steel stronger and flexible?
Because anneling is reducing atmosphere to prevent any oxidation of the steel surface
36. Why the shape of furnace roof is round?
37. Why the reduction process is important in steel processing?
To remove impurities (such sulfur and inclusions)
38. Mixing has to be done two times in tire industry in order to
To obtain a homogeneous mixture
39. What is the main composition of molecule in
40. What is furnace?
crude oil based on the weight ?
Device used for heating