Exercise 3.

7 (Solutions)

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(2)3 (1)3
=

+ ( 2 1)
3
3
8 1
= +1
3 3
7
10
=
+1 =
sq. unit.
3
3

Example 4
Find the area bounded by the curve
f ( x) = x3 2 x 2 + 1
and the x-axis in the first quadrant.
Solution
Put f ( x) = 0
x3 2 x + 1 = 0
By synthetic division
1 1 2 0
1
1 1 1
1 1 1 0

Question # 2
y = 5 x2 ;
2

Area =

x = 1

or x =

1 1+ 4
1 5
=
2
2
1 5
Thus the curve cuts the x-axis at x = 1 ,
2
Since we are taking area in the first quad. only
1+ 5
1 5
ignoring
as it is ive.
x = 1,
2
2
1+ 5
Intervals in 1st quad. are [ 0,1] & 1,
2

Since f ( x) 0 whenever x [ 0,1]

1+ 5
and f ( x) 0 whenever x 1,
2

Area in 1 quad. =

(x

x4
x3
=
2 + x
4
3

=
=
=

x = 1 to x = 2

y 0 whenever x [1, 2]
2

Area =

(x

+ 1)dx

x dx + dx
2

x3
3

+ x
1

2
1

Question # 3
y = 3 x ;

x = 1 to x = 4

Since y 0 when x [1, 4]

4

Area =

3
1
4

= 3

x dx

1
3x 2

1 2
= + 1 0
2 3
7
=
sq. unit
12
Question # 1
y = x2 + 1 ;

)dx

(2)3
(1)3
5(2) 3 5(1) 3

8
1

10 3 5 + 3

22 14
22 14
+
=
3 3
3 3
36
= 12 sq. unit
3

2 x + 1 dx

x3
5x
3

1 (1) 2 4(1)(1)
2(1)

st

(5 x

x2 x 1 = 0

or

x = 1 to x = 2

y > 0 whenever x ( 1, 2 )

( x 1) ( x 2 x 1) = 0
x 1 = 0

Page#167

dx = 3

1
x2

dx

1
+1
x2

1
+1
2

2
= 3
3

= 3
1

3 4
x2
1

3 4
x2

3
32
= 2 (4) (1) 2

4
4
2 32
3 3
3
(4)

(1)
=
2

(2 ) 1
4

= 2 ( 8 1) = 14 sq. unit

Question # 4

to x =
2
2

Q y > 0 whenever x ,
2 2
y = cos x ;

x=

FSc-II / Ex- 3.7 - 2

Area =

sin x

Question # 7
y = x3 + 1
Putting y = 0 , we have

= sin sin
2
2
= 1 + 1 = 2 sq. unit

x3 + 1 = 0

Question # 5
y = 4 x x2
Putting y = 0 , we have
4 x x2 = 0

Now y > 0 when x ( 0, 4 )

4

2
( 4x x ) dx
0

x +1 = 0

or x 2 x + 1 = 0

x = 1

or

3 4

4x
x

2
3

2 x2

3 4

x
3

Area =

(4)
(0)3
2
= 2(4)2

2(0)

3
3

64

= 32 ( 0 0 )
3

32
=
sq. unit.
2
Question # 6
y = x2 + 2 x 3
Putting y = 0 , we have
2

x + 3x x 2 = 0

x ( x + 3 ) 1( x + 3 ) = 0
= 0

x = 3 or x = 1

Now y 0 whenever x [ 3,1]

1

Area

(x

+ 2 x 3 dx

=
=

1 (1)2 4(1)(1)
2(1)

x 2x
+
3x
3
2
x3
+ x 2 3x
3

(x

+ 1 dx

x4
+x
4

( 2)
( 1)4
=
+ 2
1
4
4

16
1
= + 2 1
4
4
3
27
= 6
=
sq. unit
4
4
4

Question # 8
y = x3 2 x + 4 ;
Putting y = 0 , we have

x2 + 2 x 3 = 0

( x + 3)( x 1)

x=

= 0

x = 0 or x = 4

( x + 1) ( x 2 x + 1)

1 1 4
2
1 3
x=
2
Which is not possible.
Now y 0 when x [ 1, 2]

x (4 x) = 0

Area =

5
32
+9 =
sq. unit
3
3

cos x dx

(1)

=
+ (1)2 3(1)
3

(3)3

+
+ (3) 2 3(3)
3

1
27

= +1 3 +
+ 9 + 9
3
3

5
= + ( 9 + 18)
3

x =1

x3 2 x + 4 = 0
By synthetic division
2 1
0 2
4
2 4 4
1 2
2
0

( x + 2 ) ( x2 2 x + 2)

= 0

x + 2 = 0 or x 2 2 x + 2 = 0
2 (2)2 4(1)(2)
2
2 4 8
=
2
2 4
=
2
This is imaginary.
Now y 0 when x [ 2,1]
x = 2

or x =

Area =

(x

2 x + 4 dx

2
1

x3dx 2 x dx + 4 dx

FSc-II / Ex- 3.7 - 3

x4
=
4

And y 0 whenever x [ 0,1]

x2
2
2

+4 x
2

1
2

(1)4 (2)4 (1)2 (2) 2

=

4 2
2
4
+ 4 (1 (2) )
1 16 1 4
= 2 + 4 (1 + 2 )
4 4 2 2
1
1

= 4 2 2 + 4 ( 3)
4
2

15 3
= 2 + 12
4 2
15
45
= + 3 + 12 =
sq. unit
4
4
Question # 9
y = x3 4 x
Putting y = 0 , we have
x3 4 x = 0

x x 4 = 0
x ( x + 2 )( x 2 ) = 0
x = 0 or x = 2 or x = 2

Now y 0 whenever x [ 2, 0]
And y 0 whenever x [ 0, 2]

(x

y dx y dx

Area =
=

4 x dx x 4 x dx

x4
x2
4
4
2
x4
2 x2
4

2
0

x4
x2

4
4
2
x4

2 x2
4

0
2

y dx y dx

x ( x 1)( x + 1) dx

x ( x 1)( x + 1) dx
0

x3 x dx x3 x dx
0

x4 x2
=

4
2

x4 x2

4
2

(0)4 (0) 2 (1) 4 (1) 2

=

2 4
2
4
(1) 4 (1)2 (0)4 (0) 2

2 4
2
4

Question # 11
y2 = 3 x ;

Q y 0 when x [ 1, 2]
2

Area =

16
= ( 0 0 ) 8
4

16

8 + (0 0)
4

= ( 4 8 ) ( 4 8 ) = ( 4 ) ( 4 )

Putting y = 0 , we have
x ( x 1)( x + 1) = 0

x = 0 or x = 1 or x = 1
Now y 0 whenever x [ 1, 0]

3 x dx

1
2

(3 x ) 2

dx

= 4 + 4 = 8 sq. unit.
Question # 10
y = x ( x 1)( x + 1)

x = 1 to x = 2

y = 3 x
The branch of curve above the x-axis is
y = 3 x

(0)
(2)

=
2(0)2
2(2)2
4
4

4
4
(2)

(0)

2(2)2 +
2(0)2
4
4

1 1
= ( 0 0 )
4 2
1 1
+ ( 0 0 )
4 2
1 1
= 0 + 0
4 4
1 1
1
= +
=
sq. unit
4 4
2

Area =

(3 x )

1
+1
2

1 + 1 (1)
2

(3 x )

3
2

( 3 2 ) (1)

2 (3 x )
3

3
2

2 (3 2)
2 ( 3 (1) )
+
3
3
3

2 (1) 2 2 ( 4 ) 2
=
+
3
3
2 2 ( 2)
= +
3
3

3 2
2

3
2

FSc-II / Ex- 3.7 - 4

2 16
= +
3 3

When x = 0
a 0 = a sin

14
sq. unit
3

sin = 1

Question # 12
1
g ( x) = cos x ; x = to x =
2
Q g ( x) 0 when x [ , ]

When x = 2a
a 2a = a sin

x
2

sin
1

So area =

x
= 2 sin
2

= a

= a

= a

1
2

= cos
cos(0)
2
3

a2
=
2

y = 2ax x 2
Putting y = 0 , we have

x ( 2a x ) = 0

2a x = 0 x = 2a

Q y 0 when x [ 0, 2a ]

1 + cos d

(1 + cos ) d

a
+ sin
2

a2

+ sin + sin

2 2
2 2
2

Error Analyst
Waqas Muzzafar (2009-10)

2ax x 2 dx

Book: Exercise 3.7 (Page 167)

a 2 a 2 + 2ax x 2 dx

Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic

12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
Edition: May 2005.

a 2 a 2 2ax + x 2

0
2a

2a

cos 2 d

0
2a

a2
( + 1 + 1)
2
a2
a 2
= ( ) =
sq. unit
2
2

2ax x = 0
On squaring
2ax x 2 = 0

a cos cos d

2a

a 2 cos 2 cos d

Question # 14

Area =

= a2

3
1 1
1 3
sq. unit.
= 1 = =
2 2
2 2
4

or

sin 2x dx

x=0

Q y 0 when x 0,
3

= a
x = 0 to x =

a 2 1 sin 2 cos d

Question # 13

cos 2 x

= 2(2) = 4 sq. unit.

Area =

a 2 a 2 sin 2 ( a cos d )

= 2 sin sin

2
2
= 2 (1 ( 1) ) = 2 (1 + 1)

y = sin 2 x ;

a = a sin

=
2

1 = sin

1
cos x dx
2

Area =

a sin = a

=
2

a2 ( a x )

Put a x = a sin
dx = a cos d
dx = a cos d

dx

dx

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Last Update: 30 October 2010