Textbook Citizenship: The Depiction of Citizenship in Selected Social Studies

High School Textbooks in Iloilo City

A Research Project Presented to

Division of Social Sciences
College of Arts and Sciences
University of the Philippines in the Visayas
Miagao, Iloilo

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Management

Submitted by:
Doni June V. Almio

March 2012

Approval Sheet
The research paper attached hereto entitled, Textbook Citizenship: The Depiction of
Citizenship in Selected Social Studies High School Textbooks in Iloilo City, prepared
and submitted by Doni June Almio in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Management, is hereby recommended
for acceptance.

_____________________
Prof. Tomasito T. Talledo
Adviser

Accepted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in
Political Science Management

_________________________
Dr. Rosalie Arcala Hall
Chairperson
Division of Social Sciences
College of Arts and Sciences
University of the Philippines in the Visayas
Miagao, Iloilo
ii

Acknowledgement
One does not simply forget the persons who helped him.
This research paper would not have been possible without the help of some
persons who dedicated a part of their time to me. Words are not enough to show my
appreciation and gratitude for their time and effort. This is my way of showing
gratefulness to those who gave a little bit of their time in making this research a success.
One does not simply walk into a battle without a good adviser.
First and foremost, I owe my deepest gratitude to my research adviser, Professor
Tomasito T. Talledo, who supported me until this research was finished. I thank him for
his non-ending patience in giving constructive criticisms to my research paper. I give 5
shots to you sir! Kampai!
One does not simply forget his mentors.
This research paper would not have been possible without my PoliSci professors
and instructors. Thanks to UP Visayas Miagao PoliSci teachers: Dr. Rosalie ArcalaHall, Professor Joseph Loot, Professor Brian Ventura, Professor Pepito Fernandez, Mr.
Juhn Cris Espia and UP Cebu PoliSci teachers: Professor Zenaida Ligan and Professor
Kaira Zoe Alburo. It is because the lessons that you gave me for the past four years that I
learned how to construct arguments and ideas for my research. I give 5 shots to you!
Salud!
One does not simply forget his colleagues.
To the centennial PoliSci batch, thanks for being my batchmates. Thank you for
all the times we shared. Thank you for the help you guys gave for my research. Thank
you for the eating sessions, coffee sessions, and drinking sessions. Through these
sessions, we were able to discuss some matters and exchange some ideas which I
incorporated in this research of mine. I give 4 shots to you! Yung Sing!
One does not simply forget his seniors.
I give my thanks to my upperclassmen who gave me some insights and ideas for
my research paper (through the drinking sessions and some serious moments of course). 3
shots to you! Pura Vida!
One does not simply forget his respondents
I also give my thanks to my interviewees and school respondents. If not for them,
this research would have been a failure. 2 shots for you! Vashi!
One does not simply forget his helpers.
To all the persons who made it possible for me to get all the textbooks I need for
my research paper: Mr. Richard Lacson, Mr. Ronald Gilles, Prof. Dominique Maquiran,
Jessa Mariae Redome, a million thanks to you! And to you guys, I give 1 shot! Prost!
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One does not simply forget his devotee.

To my dearest Miss Ma Erika Benjamin, I appreciate your help in making my
research possible. For always being there to me everytime Im down. Thank you for your
optimistic view towards my research. I love you. 1 shot to you!
One does not simply forget his parents
To Mama and Papa, Paciencia V. Almio and Sergio G. Almio. Thank you for
providing my emotional, financial, physical, and mental needs. My gratitude to you cant
be simply put into words. I love you both. A million shots to you! Tagay na!
One does not simply forget the Supreme Being
To someone up there. Thank you for hearing my prayers and made me finish this
research paper. A million shots to you too!
Thank all the persons!
Before, I get drunk because of the shots I have taken; I would like to thank all the
persons that I forgot to mention in this acknowledgement. May it be mentally,
emotionally, physically, or financially, you contributed a lot for this research paper to be
a success. 1 shot for each of every one of you!

Reach for your dreams because there are no dead ends

-

Doni June Valenzuela Almio

iv

Almio, Doni June V. (March 2012). Textbook Citizenship: The Depiction of Citizenship
in Selected Social Studies High School Textbooks in Iloilo City. A research project
submitted to Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the
Philippines in the Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo.

Abstract
A research was conducted to identify the citizenships depicted in selected Social Studies
textbooks in Iloilo City and compared it with the citizenships found in Russia in Bulgaria.
The method used for the study was qualitative content analysis of sixteen social studies
textbooks and key informant interview for the process of textbook making. The most
dominant body involved in the textbook making process is the state through its agencies.
The schools, may it be public, laboratory, or private are subjected to the guidelines of the
Department of Education when it comes to selection of textbooks. The researcher
identified four classifications of citizenship that are present in the textbooks that were
analyzed: Passive Citizenship, Active Citizenship, National Citizenship, and Religious
Citizenship. These classifications of citizenship are dependent on the political culture of
each country. By identifying the citizenship depicted in the high school social studies
textbooks, it will be evident on how the Philippines wants its citizens to be. This is
because of the reason that Philippines used the textbooks as state ideological apparatuses
to maintain control over its people. Citizenship training is the best way to do that.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER I - Research Proposal

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

Pages
i
ii
iii
v
vi
viii
ix

Statement of the Problem

Rationale of the Study
Objectives of the Study
Conceptual Framework
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms
Methodology
a. The Process of Collecting
Textbooks
b. Content Analysis Process
I. Review of Related Literature
J. Citizenship Classifications

1
1
3
4
6
6
7
9
10

CHAPTER II The Process of Textbook

Making and Selection

32

Data Gathering Process

The Textbook Making Process
The Social Studies Curriculum
School Level Textbook Selection
Process
State Control and Formation of
Citizenship
CHAPTER III Depiction of Citizenship
Textbooks
Passive Citizenship
Active Citizenship
National Citizenship
Religious Citizenship

14
16
30

32
34
42
44
48

47

53
60
64
66
vi

CHAPTER IV Similarities &

Differences: Citizenships
of Other States and
Citizenships in
Textbooks Used in Iloilo
City
CHAPTER V Conclusion
REFERENCES
a. General References
b. Interviews
c. Textbooks Used
APPENDICES

71
78
82
83
86
87
88

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LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 1. Conceptual and Operational
Definitions of Terms

Table 2. Types of Citizenship Found and

Textbook Under It

69

viii

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Relationship of the Variables in
this Study
Figure 2. The Process or Textbook
Making in the Philippines
Figure 3. The Relationship of
Citizenships in Textbooks that
were Analyzed

Pages
4
41
68

ix