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Regelungstechnik FS 12
Lsung 3
Aufgabe 1
Assume:
1. perfect mixing in the tank
2. no volume changes due to mixing
Let
be the density of pure water, assumed constant
t be the density of pure solid, assumed constant
s, e be the slurry densities in inlet and exit streams, respectively
ws, we be the mass flow rate of inlet and exit streams, respectively
Then by definition, ws = sqs
s
x s ws
xe
ws
1 x s ws x s
1 x s
1
1 xe
d e
ws w we
dt
d e x e
ws x s we xe
dt
V e
dxe
d
xeV e ws x s we xe
dt
dt
V e
d xe
ws x s ws xe wx e (note the disappearance of we)
dt
Upon substitution for s, e and ws we obtain the final unsteady-state model for the blender:
dxe
q x xe
V
s s
wx e
xe 1 xe dt
x s 1 x s
Aufgabe 2
Assume:
1. perfect mixing in the tank
2. no volume changes due to mixing (ideal solution)
3. constant densities of pure components
Let
cAi, cBi be molar concentrations of A and B in the feed, respectively
cA, cB, cC be molar concentrations of A, B and C in the exit stream, respectively
xA, xB, xC be molar fractions of A, B and C in the exit stream, respectively
cTi, cT be total molar concentrations of the feed and exit stream, respectively
MA, MB, MC be molecular weight of A, B and C , respectively
A, B, C be densities of A, B and C , respectively
q be the volumetric flow rate of the exit stream.
Lets recall some basics on ideal solutions. If volumes are preserved upon mixing, we can
write for the inlet and outlet respectively:
~
~
~
Vt n AV A n BVB nCVC Vt c A M A / A Vt c B M B / B Vt cC M C / C
1 M A / A c A M B / B c B M C / C cC
1 M A / A c Ai M B / B c Bi
~ ~
~
where VA , VB and VC are the molar volumes of A, B and C respectively. The last 2 equations show
that once temperature and pressure are fixed one molar concentration can always be calculated
knowing the remaining concentrations, namely by means of the following equations:
MB
c Bi
1
MA
B
M
M
cC C 1 A c A B c B
A
B
MC
c Ai
-2-
1 M A / A cT x A M B / B cT x B M C / C cT 1 x A x B
cT x A , x B M A / A x A M B / B x B M C / C 1 x A x B
1 M A / A c Bi M A / A c Ai c Bi M B / B c Bi
cTi c Bi
A
MA
1 M A / A M B / B c Bi
dcT
q i cTi qcT Vk 2 cT2 x A x B
dt
**
***
plugging the term for VdcT/dt into the equations after some rearrangements we get:
dx A
qi c Ai qi cTi x A VcT2 k1 x A2 k 2 x A x B 1 x A
dt
dx
VcT B qi c Bi qi cTi x B VcT2 k1 x A2 k 2 x A x B 1 x B
dt
VcT
If densities are equal, i.e. A = B = C, densities of streams are constant; this together with the
assumption of constant volume implies that q = qi. Once the volumetric flow rate of the exit stream is
known, component balances can be written in terms of molar concentrations so that equations ** and
*** become:
V
d c A
qi c Ai q i c A V k1c A2 k 2 c A c B
dt
-3-
d c B
qi c Bi qi c B V k1c A2 k 2 c A c B
dt
The equations above in the two unknowns cA(t) and cB(t) represent the unsteady-state model of the
system, while equation * lets us calculate cC(t) once cA(t) and cB(t) are known.
Aufgabe 3
w wA
h1 in
s
w wC
h2 A
s
1
p1 p a 1 / 2
R
1
1/ 2
wC p 2 p a
R
p1 g h1 h3 p a
wA
p 2 g h2 p a
Zusammen
w wA
h1 in
1
g h1 h3
R
s
win
g
w wC
h2 A
Rs
s
h1 h3 h2
Der Parameter R bestimmt sich mit h20 = 10 cm, wC0 = 200 g/min sowie Wasser = 1 g/cm3 und g
= 1000 cm/sec2 zu
R
gh20
30 g cm
wC 0
1 / 2
i = 1,2
g
2 Rs h10 h3
g
2 Rs h10 h3
h1
h1
1
win
s
g
2 Rs h20
h2
1
p1 p 2 1 / 2 1 g h1 h2
R
R
wC unverndert
w wB
h1 in
win
g
w wC
h2 B
Rs
s
1
g h1 h2
R
s
h1 h2 h2
Die Gleichgewichtslagebestimmt sich zu h10 = 20, h20 = 10, win. Bei gleichem Vorgehen wie in
c) erhlt man:
-5-