Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 3

COLUMN IAQ APPLICATIONS

This article was published in ASHRAE Journal, August 2014. Copyright 2014 ASHRAE. Posted at www.ashrae.org. This article may
not be copied and/or distributed electronically or in paper form without permission of ASHRAE. For more information about ASHRAE
Journal, visit www.ashrae.org.

Roger Hedrick

Standard 62.1 Update & Plans


BY ROGER HEDRICK, BEMP, MEMBER ASHRAE

ASHRAEs principal ventilation standard, Standard 62.1-2013, Ventilation for


Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, was recently republished with a number of updates. A
number of years ago, Standard 62.1 went through some fairly significant changes.
The transition from the advisory language of 62-1989 to todays mandatory, codeintended language, which includes much more extensive requirements was long,
difficult and contentious.
Fortunately, or perhaps naturally, revisions to 62.12007 and 62.1-2010 have been much more straightforward. In large part, this is because the major issues have
been resolved and the changes are focused on improving
the details of the standard. For example, changes to 62.12010 that resulted in 62.1-2013 include:
Table 6.2.2.2, Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness,
is modified to increase the effectiveness of underfloor
air-distribution systems that meet certain conditions.
The Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness (Ez) is a factor
used in calculating the amount of outdoor air needed at
the zone that accounts for how well the ventilation air
gets from the diffuser to the occupant breathing zone.
For underfloor air distribution systems that have vertical
throws of less than 50 fpm (0.25 m/s) at a height of 4.5 ft
(1.37 m) above the floor, the standard now allows an Ez of
1.2. These systems may then meet the standard with less
outdoor air than systems with lower Ez values, depending
on the Ez value in the critical zone.
The requirements for the quality of water used in
humidification systems is modified and clarified. In
previous versions of the standard, the language regarding water used in humidification systems was unclear,
Water shall originate directly from a potable source or
from a source with equal or better water quality. In particular, it was not clear to users what water treatment
chemicals might be allowed. The language was clarified
that no chemicals could be added other than those that
meet either of two other standards (NSF/ANSI 60-2012,
Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects and 21
CFR 173.310, Secondary Direct Food Additives Permitted In Food
86

A S H R A E J O U R N A L ashrae.org AU G UST 2014

For Human Consumption). For chemicals meeting 21 CFR


173.310, automated dosing equipment is required to be
used to control the chemical concentrations in the water.
Building-level pressurization requirements were
clarified, and a definition of exfiltration was added.
Standard 62.1-2010 required that total building outdoor
air intake exceed total building exhaust airflow whenever the mechanical air-conditioning systems are dehumidifying. The wording was revised for the 2013 version
such that the requirement applies except When outdoor
air dry-bulb temperature is below the indoor zone dewpoint design temperature.
A performance alternative to the prescriptive exhaust rates is added. This approach is similar to the IAQP
in that it allows a performance approach. It differs, however, in that monitoring of the concentrations of contaminants of concern is required and provides the basis for control of exhaust flow rates. Standard 90.1-2010
includes a requirement that garage ventilation systems
must vary flow rates based on monitored contaminant
levels. Standard 62.1, on the other hand, provided a required exhaust rate for parking garages, but no allowance for reducing this flow. Thus, Standards 90.1 and 62.1
contained conflicting requirements. 62.1-2013 was modified to include a performance approach for exhaust systems, to address the conflict. This approach requires that
contaminants of concern be identified based on sources
in the zone, that concentration limits be specified, and
Roger Hedrick is principal engineer at Architectural Energy Corporation, a member of
NORESCO Energy and Sustainability Services. He is chair of SSPC 62.1, Ventilation for
Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.

COLUMN IAQ APPLICATIONS

monitoring systems be installed to ensure that exhaust


rates are adequate to maintain concentrations below the
specified limits.
Some changes are made to the outdoor airflow rates
and zone types in Table 6.2.2.1 (previously known as Table 6-1). These include the addition of refrigerated warehouses and, for sports-related zones, change the ventilation rate to include a per-occupant component that
allows the use of demand-controlled ventilation in these
zones. For refrigerated warehouses, the area component
of the ventilation rate is set to zero, so no ventilation is
required when there are no occupants in the zone.
The filter requirement on air entering wetted cooling
coils has been modified to change the MERV rating from 6
to 8. This change reduces potential for particulate deposition on the coils that could lead to biological or other contamination. The SSPC believes that MERV 8 filters are now
so common that this change does not impose any significant cost increase on building owners or operators.
Toilet exhaust air that is cleaned to Class 1 may be recirculated. This is a change that came from a continuous
maintenance proposal, and was accepted by the SSPC.
The requirements for this air cleaning are subjective, but
include inoffensive odor.
Addenda in progress continue the trend of improving
the standard. The major addenda are described here
as currently drafted, but are subject to revision in the
approval process.
Addendum 62.1j will revise the Indoor Air Quality Procedure (IAQP, the performance-based path for determining ventilation rates) by adding procedures for addressing
mixtures of contaminants. Additivity, the effect of combinations of contaminants each at low concentrations, has
long been an implicit part of the Ventilation Rate Procedure. The IAQP, on the other hand, allowed determination
of ventilation rates on the basis of keeping concentrations
of each individual contaminant below specified limits and
ignoring additive effects. Addendum j will require that in
the presence of mixtures of contaminants (nearly always
the case in non-industrial indoor environments) that ventilation rates are calculated to keep the concentration of
the mixture below specified levels.
There has been a fair amount of effort in various quarters aimed at increasing the usability of the IAQP. These
efforts have not yet resulted in new addenda. However,
it is hoped that efforts to define adequate filtration
approaches or lists of contaminants and concentration

limits, possibly used in conjunction with each other,


may eventually result in methods of providing acceptable indoor air quality with lower ventilation rates and
the associated reductions in energy consumption.
Addendum 62.1k will modify the classification of
laboratory hood exhaust air. This change will explicitly
allow EH&S (Environmental Health and Safety) Professionals to determine the appropriate air class for laboratory hood exhaust airstreams. Those that are Class 3 or
better could then use heat wheel energy recovery.
Addendum 62.1p will allow ventilation air in some
zones to be reduced to zero based on occupancy sensors.
Currently, ventilation air must be provided to all zones
during periods of expected occupancy, even when zones
are unoccupied. This addendum will allow occupancy sensors to be used to determine if a zone is unoccupied and
then reduce ventilation air to zero. This reduction will only
be allowed for zones where occupants are the primary contaminant source, i.e., those with an area component of the
ventilation rate of 0.06 cfm/ft (0.305 L/sm2)
Addendum 62.1r will modify DCV (demand controlled ventilation) control requirements to improve
clarity. The changes also remove the assumption that the
Standard is intended for use only as calculations for code
review and not operation.
Addendum 62.1q will revise requirements restricting the location of positively pressurized exhaust ducts.
Draft Addendum DA-53 aims to strengthen requirements for equipment maintenance and sensor calibration. These requirements are particularly aimed are sensors used for DCV control.
At the meeting of the Standing Standards Project
Committee in Denver in June 2013, the committee
brainstormed ideas for how the standard could be further improved. A fairly extensive list of topics was generated. Many of these are concepts for possible addenda.
Some examples include:
Requirements for personal ventilation systems and
corresponding revision of ventilation rates.
Additional requirements for building controls and
provision of standard sequences of operation.
Revisions to area components of the ventilation rates
in light of lower-emitting building materials.
Methods to account for emission rate decay as buildings age.
Modifications appropriate for areas outside the U.S.
and Europe.
AU G UST 2014 ashrae.org A S H R A E J O U R N A L

87

COLUMN IAQ APPLICATIONS

Inclusion of additional alternate compliance paths,


particularly for use in existing buildings.
Addition of requirements for low humidity limits.
Improvements to the natural ventilation procedure.
Further improvements to DCV requirements.
One exception to the theme of improving the details
of the standard is Addendum 62.1a. This addendum will
change the scope of the standard. Currently Standard
62.1 covers all buildings except residential buildings three
stories high or less. Standard 62.2 covers single family
houses and multifamily buildings up to three stories. The
two standards result in significantly different requirements between multifamily buildings that are three (62.2)
or four (62.1) stories tall. More significantly, Standard
62.2 has an appendix that provides alternative compliance methods for existing buildings. This appendix is
heavily used by residential weatherization programs.
When residences are weatherized under these programs,
compliance with Standard 62.2 is often required to
assure that measures do not compromise the IAQ in the
homes. Standard 62.1 has no corresponding method to

Advertisement formerly in this space.

88

A S H R A E J O U R N A L ashrae.org AU G UST 2014

allow existing buildings to show compliance other than


by meeting all of the requirements intended for new
construction. This placed weatherization programs in the
difficult position of applying Standard 62.2 outside of its
scope or not applying an IAQ standard when weatherizing
multifamily dwelling in buildings taller than three stories.
Addendum 62.1a and a corresponding addendum to
Standard 62.2 will change the scopes of both standards
such that single family homes and dwelling units in multifamily buildings, regardless of height, will be covered
by Standard 62.2 while the common areas of multifamily
buildings will be covered by Standard 62.1. This will allow
weatherization programs to apply the existing building
appendix of 62.2 to any residential building. It also has the
benefit of providing uniform ventilation requirements
for all apartments, regardless of the height of the building in which they are located. It also will clarify coverage
of mixed use buildings of three stories or less. Currently,
it is unclear which standard covers a building with retail
on the first floor and apartments on the second and third
floor. The current scope language for both standards
defines coverage by building. The proposed scope change
will explicitly determine coverage at the zone level.
This change in scope is not expected to have major
impacts in other areas of the standard. It will, however,
have a significant impact on users. Nearly all multifamily residential buildings will need to comply with both
Standards 62.1 and 62.2. It is unclear how future standards will fit with the model codes that are a primary
user of the standards. There will also be impacts on
LEED, where compliance with ventilation standards is
a prerequisite for certification. Finally, Standards 90.1
and 189.1 have similar scope as the current 62.1, and
the scope of 90.2 is similar to that of 62.2. The proposed
changes will impact this symmetry.
SSPC 62.1 is focused on improving the usability of
Standard 62.1, while providing flexibility to building
designers. The tension between providing acceptable
indoor air quality and reducing energy consumption is a
never ending issue. SSPC 62.1s primary goal is to assure
that building occupants are provided with acceptable
indoor air quality, but we are open to changes that allow
energy savings but dont compromise IAQ. The SSPC
welcomes change proposals from ASHRAE members and
the public. See How to Submit a Proposed Change to a
Standard at www.ashrae.org/standards-researchtechnology/standards-formsprocedures.

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi