VoIP

Marcelo Zanata
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

Best Codec Use

G.729 WAN with QoS
iLBC Network without
QoS

Overhead
Ethernet
PPP
Frame-Relay
MLPPP
MPLS
WLAN
IP
UDP
RTP

18 bytes
6 Bytes
6 Bytes
10 Bytes
4 Bytes
24 Bytes
20 bytes
8 Bytes
12 Bytes

Sampling: 8000 discrete signal measurements are taken at equal intervals

every second
Quantization: The level of each sample is rounded to the nearest
expressible value
Encoding: Digital values are encoded as binary numbers for encapsulation
Compression (Optional): The signal is compressed in realtime to
G.729
consume less bandwidth
8 kbps
Layer 2 Qos Marking
conjugate-structure
MOS
Bandwidth
Complexity
Free
algebraic code-excited
G.722 SB-ADPCM4.13
48-64 kbps
Medium
Yes
linear prediction (CSG.711 PCM4.1
64
Low
Yes
ACELP).
iLBC4.1
15.2
High
Yes
G.729a is a compatible
G.729 CS-ACELP3.92
8
High
No
extension of G.729, but
G.726 ADPCM3.85
32
Medium
Yes
requires less
G.729a CS-ACELP3.7
8
Medium
No
computational power.
G.728 LD-CELP3.61
16
High
No
Bandwidth Calc
G.729 has been extended
voice payload in bytes = [(codec bit rate in kbps) * (sampling rate in
in Annex B (G.729b) which
msec)] / 8
provides a silence
packets per second = [1 / (sampling rate in msec)] * 1000
compression method that
L3 Bandwidth = [(packets per second) * (voice payload + 40 bytes for
enables a voice activity
RTP/UDP/IP headers) * 8 bits] / 1000
detection (VAD) module
L2 Bandwidth = [(packets per second) * (voice payload + 40 bytes for
G.711
RTP/UDP/IP headers + Y bytes for Layer 2 overhead) * 8 bits] / 1000
64 kbps
Bandwidth Consumption for Voice Payload and IP Header g711alaw - for E1
g711ulaw - for T1
Only
Codec
Sampling Voice
Pkts/Sec Bandwidth
RTP Payload Type
(ms)
Payload
per
VAD = 13
conversation RTP-NTE = 101
G.711 and G.722-64k
20
160
50
80 kbps
G.711alaw = 8
G.711 and G.722-64k
20
164
50
81.6 kbps
(SRTP)
G.711 and G.722-64k
30
240
33.3
74.7 kbps
G.711 and G.722-64k
30
244
33.3
75.8 kbps
(SRTP)
iLBC
20
38
50
31.2 kbps
iLBC (SRTP)
20
42
50
32.8 kbps
iLBC
30
50
33.3
24.0 kbps
iLBC (SRTP)
30
54
33.3
25.1 kbps
G.729A
20
20
50
24.0 kbps
G.729A (SRTP)
20
24
50
25.6 kbps
G.729A
30
30
33.3
18.7 kbps
G.729A (SRTP)
30
34
33.3
19.8 kbps

Codecs Supported by c5510 DSP

Medium Complexity
High Complexity
Flex Mode
G.711 (a-law, mu-law)
G.711 (a-law, mu-law)
At 15 MIPS per call:
Fax/modem passthrough Fax/modem passthrough G.711 (a-law, mu-law)
Clear channel
Clear channel
Fax/modem
passthrough
G.726 (32K, 24K, 16K)
G.726 (32K, 24K, 16K)
Clear channel
Fax relay
Fax relay
At 30 MIPS per call:
G.729 (a, ab)
G.729
G.726 (32K, 24K, 16K)
G.729 (a, b, ab)
Fax relay
G.728
G.729
G.723.1 (32K, 24K, 16K) G.729 (a, b, ab)

VoIP

Marcelo Zanata
G.723.1a (5.3K, 6.3K)
Modem relay

At 40 MIPS per call:

G.728
G.723.1 (32K, 24K,
16K)
G.723.1a (5.3K, 6.3K)
Modem relay

VoIP

Marcelo Zanata
Codecs Supported by c5510 DSP

PVDM2-8 (1/2
DSP)
PVDM2-16 (1
DSP)
PVDM2-32 (2
DSP)
PVDM2-48(3
DSP)
PVDM2-64(4
DSP)

IP Phone Boot Process

Low
Complexity
4

Medium
Complexity
3

MIPS per
PVDM
120

240

16

12

480

1. Power Over Ethernet

(Optional)
Power is supplied via IEEE 802.3af/at
or Cisco ILP
32
24
960
2. VLANs Learned via CDP or
LLDP
Codecs Supported by PVDM3
Voice and data VLANs communicated
Low Complexity
Medium
High
Very High via CDP/LLDP
Complexity
Complexity
Complexi 3. IP Assignment via DHCP
ty
The phone sends a DHCP request in
G.711 (a-law, muG.726
G.729
iSAC
the voice VLAN; the response
law)
includes an IP and DHCP option 150
Fax Passthrough
Fax Relay
G.729B
4. Configuration Retrieved via
Modem Passthrough G.729A
G.723
TFTP
Clear channel
G.729AB
G.728
The phone retrieves its configuration
G.722
Modem Relay
from one of the TFTP servers
GSMFR
iLBC
specified in the DHCP option
GSMEFR
5. Registration
The phone registers with the call
Codecs Supported by PVDM3
Low
Medium
High
Very High server(s) specified
Complexi Complexity Complexit Complexit in its configuration
ty
IP Phone auto-registration
y
y
PVDM3-16
PVDM3-32
PVDM3-64
PVDM3-128
PVDM3-192
PVDM3-256

24

16
32
64
128
193
258

18

12
22
44
97
140
194

720

10
14
28
60
89
121

8
12
24
50
74
101

The same stetp 1,2,3 of boot

process

1. Phone try to get via TFTP

[mac].cnf.xml configuration file. If
the file does not exists, they go to
step 2, also go to registration
2. Phone try to get
CDP
XMLDefault.cnf.xml. CUCM assign a
Multicast 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC
directory number and create the
Sent every 60 secs
records to this phone, then create
Work on Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM
[mac].cnf.xml
Holdtime of 180 secs (to delete from neighbors list)
3. Phone updates their firmware if
Carrier the informations: Operating Syste / Hostname / IP
necessary
Address / Port ID / Device Type,Model / Duplex Settings / VTP
4. Phone register on server specified
Domain / Native VLAN / Power Draw
on XMLDefault.cnf.xml
Encoded as TLV (Type-Length-Value)
Only one CCM Group will have
AutoQoS uses CDP Switch send QoS Values (CoS) to used on PC
the auto-reg enabled
Port of ephone

TAPS
The same step of auto-reg

1. User dial to CTI Route Point assigned to CRS application

2. User enter the appropriate Directory Number
3. The number is looked up in the phone configuration records
that were previously added using a dummy MAC address.
4. Cisco CRS update the dummy MAC with the actual MAC
5. Phone reset and download its newly configuration from TFTP
Server

Voice Class Configuration

voice class codec 1

codec preference 1 g729r8
codec preference 2 g711ulaw
!
dial-peer voice 9
voice-class codec 1

Allow inter-VoIP Connections

voice-service voip
allow-connections [h323/sip] to [h323/sip]