The Ayurvedic Wellness Counselor Program

KAA 108: Ayurvedic Bodywork

The Goal of Ayurvedic Treatment

To remove the root cause of disease:

The imbalance of the Doshas.

Definition of Disease
An imbalance of the Doshas is Roga (Disease)
A balance of the Doshas is Aroga (Health)

Definition of Disease
In Ayurveda there are two
main ways to balance the
Doshas:
1. Shodhana (Cleansing):
Making pure
2. Shamana (Palliating):
Calming down

Definition of Disease
Shodhana: Purifying
Shodhana
is
completely
removing
the
aggravated
Doshas, Ama, and Malas from
the body, thereby offering a
complete cure. In many chronic
diseases, Shodhana Chikitsa is
very important because the
disease process has gone
through all stages of Samprapti
(pathology).

Definition of Disease
Shamana: Calming Down
Shamana is calming aggravated Doshas,
mainly using herbs, diet and lifestyle. By
using Shamana, the doshas keep a low
profile, as long as a person is strictly
following the regimen. With even a slight
Pradnyaparadha or Asatmya Indriya
Samyoga, the Doshas begin going out of
balance and manifest their symptoms. In
acute conditions, when the disease has not
gone through all of its phases, Shamana
works better than Shodhana. Diet and
lifestyle regimens are very important aspects
of this method of restoring balance.

Ayurvedic Body Therapies

Ayurvedic body therapies mainly
involve oils, or other fats. Many
times they are cured with herbs
to achieve the benefits of the
medicinal qualities of the herbs.
There are different ways of using
oils called Snehana.

Snehana: The Benefits of Natural Fats

They spread easily through the dhatus because of

their fluidity and quick absorption.

They help liquefy fat-soluble toxins.

They work like a soap; react with ama and the

doshas to begin loosening them.

They enhance flow without obstruction.

Their lubricating quality protects dhatus at the site

of ama and dosha separation.

Their oleating quality soothes Vata.

They stimulate secretions through which the

doshas can move ama and malas into the Koshtha
(out of the tissues and into the physical channels).

Snehana: Benefits

Stimulates secretions in the dhatus that begin

liquefying ama.

Secretions also bind the malas together to

remove them from the dhatus and finally from
the body.

Helps remove ama, thereby improving dhatu

nutrition.

Opens the Srotas so that ama begins flowing

out of the tissues and into the physical channels
(Koshtha).

Restores Vata's function.

Snehana: Benefits

Smoothes the skin and improves its

luster and tone.

Sharpens the sense organs.

Improves the vision.

Tonifies and strengthens the muscles.

Prevents aging.

Rejuvenates the body.

Snehana: Contraindications

Obesity.

Recent completion of
Panchakarma Therapy.

Recent or current diarrhea or

dysentery.

Weak Agni.

Liver and spleen diseases and

ascites.

Snehana: Types of Fats Used

Tail
Ghee
Vasa
Majja

Oil
Clarified Butter
Animal Fat
Fat from Bone Marrow

Snehana: Types of Fats Used

Sesame oil is used as a base for many oil
preparations. Its qualities are warm, sweet,
astringent, and it easily penetrates Dhatus
and nourishes the skin. Many herbs are
used to make herbal oils.
Ghee is nutritive, penetrating, kindles Agni,
cools excessive Pitta. Research has shown
that it reduces cholesterol, calms Vata and
lubricates Dhatus.
Vasa and Majja are very heavy in nature, so
are used only occasionally. Used mainly in
excessive Vata conditions, debility, and with
some kinds of cancers, Teekshna Agni and
Kapha & Dhatu Kshaya.

Snehana: Commonly Used Herbs

Many of these fats are medicated by curing them
in herbal decoctions using herbs such as:

Trikatu
Guduchi
Kutki
Triphala
Licorice
Lemongrass
Shatavari
Ashvagandha

Snehana: The Two Types

1. Bahya: External
Massaging the body
with oils.
2. Abhyantara: Internal
Taking oils or ghee
internally.

Snehana: The Two Types

Both types of Snehana are
important because we need to
cleanse all of the tissue layers. The
internal Snehana works from the
inside out while the external
Snehana works from the outside in,
making sure all of the Dhatus are
saturated with oil.

Abhyantara Snehana: Internal Oleation

For internal oleation, sesame oil is used for
Vata and Kapha, while Ghee is used for Pitta
constitutions
Internal oils or ghees are medicated with
herbal decoctions. Often bitter herbs are
used to help remove excess oils from the
Dhatus.

Abhyantara Snehana: Internal Oleation

Quantity for a 3 or 5-Day Panchakarma
Day
1st day
2nd day
3rd day
4th day
5th day
6th day
7th day

Quantity
1-2 TB
2-3 TB
3-4 TB
4-5 TB
5-6 TB
6-7 TB
7-8 TB

Bahya Snehana: External Oleation

The direction of the strokes are first
away from the heart and then toward the
heart.
The pressure of the massage varies
depending on the part of the body being
massaged and its relation to the Marma
points. The pressure facilitates the oil
penetrating the Dhatus through the skins
pores.

Bahya Snehana: Oils Used

The oils are selected according to
individual constitution:
Dosha
Vata
Pitta
Kapha

Recommended Oil
Sesame Oil
Coconut Oil
Mustard Oil

Effect
Warming
Cooling
Heating

Abhyanga: Whole Body Massage

For the whole body,
sesame or medicated oils
are used for massage.
The oil should be
appropriately warm.

Abhyanga: Benefits
The skin is the largest organ of our body. It is very sensitive to
touch therapy, either by massage (with powder, oil or aromas) or
just gentle pressure. It produces antidepressants, anti-cancer and
anti-aging substances and hormones that enhance circulation.
Instead of using automatic massage rollers, machines, or muscle
vibrators, the touch of a human hand on the body has immediate
benefits for the mind, emotions and the physiology. That is why
Ayurveda has emphasized more on the healing magic of touch
since ancient times.
Remember that every neurochemical found in the nervous system
is also present in the skin. Massage can stimulate those
neurochemicals, hence it is found effective in psychological as well
as nervous conditions.

UdvartanaUdgharshanaUtsadan
These terms refer to a special
therapeutic form of massage. In this
massage, firm pressure is applied with a
consistent flow of upward strokes, done
either with oil or with powder.
When done with the help of dry
powders, which is indicated in Obesity,
it is named Udgharshana. When done
with herbal paste and oil then it is
called Utsadan. This is indicated in thin
patients.

Udvartana: Benefits

Reduces excess fat

Reduces excess Kapha and Vata

Gives strength to the body

Improves skin luster

Improves function of Bhrajaka Pitta

Increases skin absorption

Clears the blockages

Reduces itching and bad smell from

the sweat.

Mardana: Pressure Massage

Mardana is the application of warm
oil to the body followed by a
kneading massage.

Self Massage
Everyone needs massage on a regular basis
either by self or can be enjoyed with a partner,
or to get it done by a professional massage
therapist. Ayurveda calls this procedure as
Abhyanga. As any machine needs oiling &
greasing, the body loves to be oiled for pleasure
and also to protect it from wear and tear. In the
ancient Indian healing practice of Ayurveda, selfmassage plays an important role. Many people
are now realizing that this simple and effective
method of vitalizing, balancing, and stimulating
the body and mind offers many advantages. It is
not difficult, nor does it take a lot of time. You
can massage the entire body or just certain
parts. A few minutes of massage every day can
make a lot of difference in energy level and well
being.

Self Massage: Benefits

Increases skin softness

Decreases Vata

Strengthens the dhatus

Cleans the skin and makes it

lustrous and soft

Increases strength

Increases longevity and slows

aging

Promotes sleep

Improves vision

Increases stamina

Mini Oil Massages

When time is the factor,
Abhyanga or oil massage
should at least be done to
the head, ears and feet.

Head Massage: Benefits

Prevents headache.

Prevents hair loss, early

graying and balding.

Strengthens hair,
improves growth.

Skull bones become

strong.

Brightens facial skin.

Promotes sound sleep.

Ear Massage: Benefits

Prevents ear
problems and
ringing

Balances Vata

Prevents neck
stiffness

Improves hearing

Prevents headaches

Foot Massage: Benefits

Prevents hardening, stiffness, roughness,

tiredness and insensitivity to touch.

Increases foot strength.

Prevents cracks in the foot and blood vessel

clogging.

Improves eye sight.

Aids sleep.

Acts as an aphrodisiac.

Snehana: Other Types

Pishinchhali (Sarvangdhara):
Continuous massage and pouring of
warm oil over the body.

Shirodhara: Continuous stream of

warm oil on the forehead.

Tarpana: Keeping oil over the

eyeballs, ears, vagina with a cotton
swab dipped in oil.

Snehavagahana: Bathing in a tub

filled with warm oil.

Oil Massage & the Doshas

Before performing massage
one must know their
constitution.
Traditionally massage
according to Ayurveda
includes oils that provide
specific benefits for Vata, Pitta
and Kapha. Appropriate oils
should be selected with an
understanding of the Doshas.

Oil Massage & Vata

Vata Prakriti needs oil massage daily or
on alternate days. Vatas tend to
become dry easily. They benefit from
the nurturing quality of a warm oil
massage. It lubricates their dry skin,
protects their fragile joints, helps them
feel grounded and strengthens their
aura.
Vata Prakriti is very sensitive to touch.
Moderate pressure massage is enough
ideal for them. Rolfing and other deep
tissue massage are rarely needed in
Vata people. Even the more subtle
energy types of massage can have
dramatic effects, as these people are
very sensitive to touch.

Oil Massage & Vata

For Vata Prakriti, oil should always be warm when applied
so it can penetrate more deeply to calm the nervous
system. Moderate amount of oil is enough as too much
oil may cause disturbance in digestive tract.
Herbs such as Bala, Amruta, Ashwagandha and Shatavari
can be added to the oils to create tonic effect.
Dhanvantara, Narayan or Mahanarayan oils are also very
good to eliminate inflammation or stiffness in the joints.

Vata types, who tend toward worry and

restlessness, can benefit from a gentle
massage using oils such as sesame or almond,
which are heavy and warm.

Oil Massage & Pitta

Pitta Prakriti enjoys regular massage
from a skilled, highly knowledgeable
and loving massage professional. They
are less likely to massage themselves.
Massage with correctly applied oil will
enhance the natural luster of their
skin, nourish their muscles, and calm
nervous system. Excess quantity or
excessively heating oils make Pitta
people itchy, thirsty and irritable. Their
skin is very sensitive and easily
becomes inflamed.

Oil Massage & Pitta

Suitable oil should be cooling and neutral in nature.
Coconut oil calms and cools the body. It also
reduces thirst and burning sensations. Sunflower oil
helps inflamed skin. Olive oil and Ghee are more
neutral. At times they may be too heating unless
cooling herbs are added. Gotu kola, Bhringraj,
Mandukparni, Jati and Sandalwood are the most
useful herbs to bring a cooling effect. Essential oils
that have cooling effect include jasmine, lotus, rose
mogra, khus, lemongrass and gardenia. Pitta people
have strong likes and dislikes.

Pitta types are prone to overheating

and heat related conditions such as
rashes and other irritations of the skin.
Hence they should use a deep massage
with cooling oils such as coconut and
olive.

Oil Massage & Kapha

Kapha Prakriti needs massage to
improve their circulation and
lymph drainage. Their skin and
muscles are strong and thick.
Hence they need deep tissue that
is penetrating massage. More oil is
not at all good to Kapha people.
Even though they will love to have
it more, they should use very little
as they tend to increase the feeling
of heaviness in the body. Hence
one must use small amount of hot
sharp stimulating oils such as
Mustard. Jojoba oil with essential
oil such as cedar, pine musk,
cinnamon is also good.

Oil Massage & Kapha

Finely meshed herbal powder massage is also good
for Kapha people. Thus vigorous friction massage,
triggering, lymphatic massage are also good for Kapha
people. Oils for massage are selected not only
according to the Dosha they benefit; but also
according to the climate, season, age and location.
Castor and Sesame are good in dry climates because
they are heavy and penetrate the skin, going deep
into the tissue. Sunflower oil is recommended for
damp climate. Mustard and sesame are best in cold
weather, while coconut and olive are good for hot
weather. Similarly local other oils such as jojoba,
grape seed and avocado. Jojoba oil is very good as it is
light and penetrating. Avocado is rich and nourishing.

Oil Massage & Kapha

In contrast to these natural products is mineral oil.
Because oil is a carrier of nutrients to the body, such
harsh, poor quality, unnaturally colored and
perfumed oils should never be used on the skin.

Kapha types, who can become sedentary

and sluggish when out of balance,
respond best to the vigorous,
stimulating massage using light oil such
as sunflower or mustard. Dry massage
with powders is also beneficial for
Kapha.

Massage Procedure: Step 1

Use warm oil.
Start by massaging the head. Dip fingertips in warm oil
and begin to massage the scalp. Comfortable medium
pressure is given during the massage. The massage for
the entire body should be done not only by fingertips,
but with the palms too. Massage to the head, neck and
shoulders are very important. Due to the fast life style
we are exhausted mentally than physically, thus
increasing stress. Our thoughts and emotions tend to
stiffen the muscles of the face, head, neck and shoulders
particularly. By good massage to these areas, we can
release the tension over the muscles and even release
emotional traumas. Massage allows energy to flow more
freely between the head and heart. Apply oil gently to
the face and both front and back of the neck.

Massage Procedure: Step 2

Massage the external ear. For that, turn the head
slightly to the left supported by the left hand.
Hold the right ear lobe between the thumb and
index finger. With a gentle squeezing and rolling
motion, move along the outer edge of the ear to
the point where ear connects to the head. Use
the tips of the index fingers to rub the innermost
part of the ear and the ear hole. Lastly rub the ear
with whole hand until it is warm. Turn the head to
the right and repeat the massage by the same
manner to left ear.

Massage Procedure: Step 3

Apply a small amount of oil
to the entire body and then
proceed with the massage
to other areas of the body.
This will allow maximum
amount of time for the oil
to be in contact with the
body and get absorbed
through the skin.

Massage Procedure: Step 4

Massage the arms.
The
proper motion is back and
forth over long bones and
circular over joints. Massage
arms, forearms, palms and
fingers.

Massage Procedure: Step 5

Apply oil to the chest and
abdomen. A very gentle
circular motion should be
used, moving clockwise
over the bowel area.

Massage Procedure: Step 6a

Concentrate on the massage of the back. (This is
very difficult to do by yourself. You may need
another person to do the back). Using the tapping,
rubbing, firm pressure the spine can be gently
massaged to relax and resume its natural shape.
Spinal massage strengthens the nervous system
and promotes the free flow of cerebrospinal fluid
within it. For the massage of the spine, a receiver
needs to be lying on his stomach with his/her back
exposed from the sacrum up to the top of the
neck. Always start the massage strokes from the
base and work up to the top of the spine.

Massage Procedure: Step 6b

Start with a tapping action. To do so, stretch the
hand with the fingers loosely spaced. This
awakens the spinal energies and improves
circulation to the spinal area. Then take warm
oil and rub vigorously into either side of the
sacrum, then up along both sides of the
vertebral column. Then using both thumbs,
apply pressure evenly, starting at the tip of the
sacral area, then on both sides of the sacrum
and up the spine. Pressure should be firm, but
not uncomfortable. Total self massage of the
spine and back is not possible. There will be
some area which you may have difficulty
reaching.

Massage Procedure: Step 7

Massage the legs. Like the arms,
use a back and forth motion over
the long bones and a circular
motion over the joints.

Massage Procedure: Step 8

Massage the soles of the feet. The feet also
have very important Marma points.
Proportionately more time should be spent to
massage it than other parts of the body. Use
the palms of your hands and massage
vigorously back and forth over the soles of the
feet.

Kati Basti
Kati (lower back) Basti (oil
treatment) involves a dam
with black gram and wheat
flour is prepared placed on
the lower back.
Warm oil is poured in the
dam with a cotton swab for
5-10 minutes.

Kati Basti: Indications

Sciatica

Osteoarthritis of lower
spine

Restricted muscular
movements

low back pain

Stiffness of lower back

Kati Basti: Benefits

Muscle
aches,
spasms and lower
spine rigidity

Strengthens the
bone tissue of
lower back.

Uro Basti
Uro-Basti means medicine
retained on the chest and
heart region.

Uro Basti: Benefits

Reduces pain in the

chest and strengthens
the heart.

Releases
emotions
buried at the level of
the Anahata Chakra.

Udara Basti
Udara is Abdomen.
This Basti is done
around the navel.
Different herbs are
used with the oil.

Udara Basti: Benefits

Improves digestion
Reduces gas, bloating
Relieves acid stomach

Pishinchhali
This technique is popular in South India
where there is predominance of Vata
aggravating weather. Pishin (Squeezing),
chhali (vigorous movement). Large quantities
of oil are poured on the body while massaging
it vigorously with a bolus of rice wrapped in a
cloth. The massage forcefully drives the oil
into the pores of the skin so it can penetrate
into the deep tissues.

Pishinchhali: Main Function

Vata pacification

Stimulate Marma points

Create harmony between

Vatas five sub-Doshas

Eliminate toxins from joints

and improve their mobility

Reduce muscle spasms,

fatigue

Reduce degenerative muscle

diseases

Improves circulation

Dhara
Translated, Dhara means stream.
As the name suggests, a stream of
medicated oil, milk, butter milk is
poured continuously over the
affected area.

Shirodhara
Warm sesame oil is streamed
across the forehead in a
simple procedure that has
profound calming effect on
the mind, body and soul.

Shirodhara: Benefits

Balances the nervous system

Reduces stress and anxiety

Mind becomes peaceful

Improves hearing and vision

Life becomes peaceful and more

enjoyable

Takra Dhara
In Takra Dhara, medicated
buttermilk is poured in an
uninterrupted flow over the
forehead and scalp. Takra Dhara
is mainly aimed at Pitta Dosha as
it has cooling effect on the body.

Takra Dhara: Benefits

Psoriasis

Hypertension

Diabetes

Hair loss (due to heat)

Skin problems

Insomnia

Pada Dhara
Oil, milk or
buttermilk is poured
continuously on the
feet.

Pada Dhara: Indications

Foot dryness
Pain in the small
joints of the feet
Burning feet
Vision problems

Pichu
Warm medicinal oil is applied
with cloths to indicated areas,
followed by a gentle massage. The
treatment is named after the
folded piece of cloth used to cover
the crown called the 'Pichu'.

Pada Dhara: Indications

Acute pain
Joint pain
Headache

Swedana: Heat Therapies

After Snehana,
Swedana is
performed. Swedana
literally means
anything that makes a
person sweat.

Swedana: Benefits

Helps loosen Ama and dislodge it

from the Dhatus

Dilates Srotas and opens up

channels so Ama, Malas and Doshas
are easily separated from the Dhatus

Improves Agni and liquefies Ama,

making it easier for it to flow
through channels

Facilitates movement of Doshas,

Ama and Malas from Shakha to
Koshtha

Relieves stiffness, heaviness and

cold

Swedana: Indications

Vata-predominant constitution and diseases

Exposure to cold and Kapha diseases like common cold

Hiccough, Asthma

Heaviness of the body and obesity

Pain in neck, lumber-sacral region, back, hips, legs, head,

hands

Stiffness in the neck, hips & back, Lock jaw, facial

paralysis

Sciatica, Arthritis, Urinary disorders, constipation

Swedana is done in mainly Vata and Kapha

conditions and is avoided in high Pitta
conditions.

Swedana: Contraindications

Pitta predominant diseases like fever,

inflammations

Bleeding tendencies

Skin diseases

Severe diarrhea

Alcoholism

Pregnancy

Toxic conditions

Menstruation

Diseases of eye

During Swedana, the eyes and heart area (Pitta

locations) should be protected with cool moist cloth.

Swedana: Types
1.

Nadi Sweda: Nadi is a channel, a tube. Steam

is passed through the tube and is applied to
the localized area. It is a wet heat and
penetrates well in all Dhatus. A facial steamer
comes very handy as a nadi Sweda. Generally
it is done for about 10 15 minutes.

2.

Bashpa Sweda: In this type, a steam is

applied to the whole body. A steam cabinet,
steam tent or a wet sauna is examples of
Bashpa Sweda. In the steam cabinet, a person
either sits or lies down. Heat is applied to the
entire body except the head. This steam is
applied for about 15 30 minutes.

Swedana: Types
3.

Pinda (Bolus) Swedana (Heat): A bolus of rice cooked

with special Vata pacifying herbs is soaked in herbal
milk decoction of nutritive herbs. This is then rubbed
on the body focusing on the muscle tissue and joints. It
is usually performed after Snehana.

Main Function


Improves muscle tone

Nourishes Mamsa Dhatu

Pacifies Vata

Useful in facial paralysis and hemiplegia

Useful in multiple sclerosis and muscular

atrophy

This therapy has to be administered and performed in a

series over a period of time especially for degenerative and
muscular disorders.

Swedana: Types
4. Tapa Sweda: A piece of cloth (e.g. a
towel) is heated by hot sand, a hot brick,
a lamp, etc and used as a heating pad. It
is ideal for Kapha.
5. Upanaha Sweda: Semi-solid or semiliquid material like a poultice is used.
6. Valukapottali Sweda: It is dry
fomentation by sand.
7. Lepa: Application of an herbal paste
which dries on the skin and is then
removed.

Ayurvedic Body Scrub: Benefits

The skin becomes soft and the dead
cells are removed. The skin becomes
supple and there is healthy glow to
it. This treatment is very good for
cellulites and obesity.

Ayurvedic Facial Massage

The smooth strokes while
massaging the face release
subtle tension underneath
the skin. Pressure points
work on the deeper tissues
and associated organ
systems.

Ayurvedic Facial Massage: Step 1

Apply warm oil to both the

palms and start massaging
with smooth strokes,
starting from the mid-line
of the chin.

Ayurvedic Facial Massage: Step 2

Place the fingers under the
jaw, resting thumbs on the
jaw line. Ask the patient to
open his mouth slightly.
Manipulate the chin and
jaw area by pressing up
and releasing gently.

Ayurvedic Facial Massage: Step 3

Place thumbs on the jaw at
the chin with index and third
finger underneath the jaw
line. Apply pressure to the
top & inner part of the jaw
bone. Lightly make small
clockwise circles at the
temples. The point at the
temple is Shankha Marma.
Repeat the procedure twice.

Ayurvedic Facial Massage: Step 4

Place the index finger between
lower lip and tip of the chin.
Ask the patient to open his
mouth slightly. Make small
clock wise circles at this point.
Continue this type of clock wise
type of massage from cheeks to
the temples. Repeat twice.

Ayurvedic Facial Massage: Step 5

Place the tips of index fingers between
the nose and the middle of the upper lip.
This is called as Ushtra Marma. Press
gently. Then stroke from this point out on
both sides up to the corners of the mouth,
then under the cheek bones, to the top of
the ear, over the ear, to the base of the ear
where it touches the head, to the bony
bump (Mastoid) behind the ear lobe.
Repeat this twice.

Ayurvedic Facial Massage: Step 6-7

Hold the left side of the head
with left hand. Place right
index finger just above the
base of the nostril. This
point is known as Nasa
Marma. Give small circular
massage from this point up
to the bony prominence
behind the ear lobe, but
from over the ear. Repeat
twice. Repeat, holding the
right side of the head with
the right hand.

Ayurvedic Facial Massage: Step 8

Starting at the inner end
of the eye brow, pinch
along the eye brow to its
outer edge with the help
of index finger and
thumb.

Ayurvedic Facial Massage: Step 9

Stroke from the tip of the
nose to the area of third
eye, which is slightly
above the mid-point
between the eye brows.
This is Ajna Marma.
Massage this area in
gentle clockwise motion
for two minutes.

Ayurvedic Facial Massage: Step 10

Massage the fore head.
Make zigzag motions
from one side of the fore
head to the other. Repeat
this from right to left and
then from left to right.

Marmas: The Vital Points

Marma point is an anatomical site where the muscles, arteries, veins, nerves, ligaments,
bones and joints meet together. This does not mean that all the structures must be
present collectively at that site of Marma.
According to Ashtang Hridaya these are the points where important nerves, (Dhamani)
come together along with other structures such as muscles and tendons, etc.
Vagbhata says that those sites, which are painful, severely tender and show abnormal
pulsation (should also be) considered as Marma or vital points
These points are the seats of life. They are also the sites where not only Tridoshas (Vata,
Pitta and Kapha) are present but their subtle forms Prana, Ojas (soma) and Tejas (Agni)
are also present with Sattva, Rajas and Tamas (Su. sh. 6122).
According to another definition, they are Marayanti iti Marmani meaning these are the
vital areas if injured can lead to death. If Marmas are injured they do not always result
in death but can cause various diseases, which are difficult to cure.

Marmas: Two Categories

1. Therapeutic areas
2. Lethal areas

Marma Points
Marma or the vital points on the body are the
junction of the body and mind. They are also
important pressure points on the body much like the
acupuncture points of the Traditional Chinese
Medicine.
The
most
important
difference
between
acupuncture points and Marma is the Marma points
are measured in anguli or finger unit relative to each
individual, and they are larger in size. Also, these
points are not related to meridians.
Sushruta being surgeon has stressed the importance
of the knowledge of Marma in surgical practice. He
has stated that in any surgical procedure the
knowledge of Marma and other structures like
nerves, muscles, bones and veins and arteries is
utmost essential.

Marma Points
While performing Kshara karma
application of plant alkalisthe
knowledge of Marma is essential.
Kshara can act like surgical instrument
hence one should be cautious. The area
of Marma is very sensitive hence the
surgeon should take precaution while
performing any surgery or while
applying anything on the Marma areas
or near these vital points.
Marma points are stimulated by
massage to achieve the healing effects
to specific areas of the mind-body
system. Marmas are sensitive areas so
massage should be done carefully. The
duration of the Marma points should be
at least 3-5 minutes.

Marma Points

For toning and strengthening the internal

organs, massage in a clockwise direction.
For detoxification and reducing excess
Doshas do it anticlockwise.

For Vata Prakriti, use sesame oil in large

quantity.

The ideal oil for Pitta is Coconut oil, ghee,

sandalwood oil, etc.

Kapha do better by with mustard oil,

safflower oil.

Marma Therapy & Herbal Pastes

Herbal pastes help reduce swelling and pain when
applied over an injured Marma. Pastes are applied
after massage sometimes to seal the energy of the
treatment. Pastes can be prepared by adding water
in the powdered her.
The Proportion
Powder: 1 part
th
Oil: 1/4 part, 1/6th part or 1/8th part.
Some of the Herbs Used are
Ginger, turmeric, calamus, hing, sandalwood, aloe
and Ashwagandha, etc.

The 12 Important Marmas

No.
1

Marma
Adhipati

Location
Top of the cranium

Controls
7th (Sahasrara) Chakra, Majjavaha & Pranavaha Srotas, Prana
Vata, Tarpaka Kapha and Sadhaka Pitta

Sthapani

Manya

At the center of the 6th (Ajnya) Chakra, Prana Vayu

eyebrows; Position of
the Third Eye
Both sides of thyroid 5th (Vishuddha) Chakra, Prana and Udana Vayu, Speech

Hridaya

Heart

Nabhi

Umbilicus

4th (Anahata) Chakra, Rasavaha Srotas, Sadhaka Pitta, Vyana and

Prana Vayu, Avalambaka Kapha
3rd (Manipura) Chakra, Annavaha, Raktavaha, Pancreas, Agni
(solar plexus), Pachaka and Ranjaka Pitta; Samana Vayu

The 12 Important Marmas

No.
6

Marma
Basti

Location
In between pubic bone
and umbilicus
Anal region around anal
orifice

Controls
2nd (Swadhisthan) Chakra, Mamsavaha Srotas, Apana
Vayu
1st (Muladhara) Chakra, Mutravaha, Shukravaha &
Artavavaha Srotas, testes and ovaries

Guda

8-9

TalaHridaya

Center of the sole facing Pranavaha Srotas, Mamsa Dhatu of Planters Arch
the root of the third toe

10-11

TalaHridaya

12

Kukundara

Situated in the center of Pranavaha: Lungs and respiration, Avalambaka Kapha,

palm, facing the root of Mamsa Dhatu of Superficial and Deep Palmers Arch
the middle finger
On both buttocks
Raktavaha Srotas, formation of Rakta Dhatu (blood)

Vata-Balancing Marma: Front of Body

Marma

Location (See Diagram)

Benefits/Functions

Basti
Bhaga
Tala Hrida

1
2
3; Center of the arches of the feet,
center of palms
4, 5; Ligaments
6, 7; Midfemoral
8, 9, 10, 11; Rounded center of thighs as
well as back front and sides
12, 13
14, 15; Rounded center of calves

Uterus, bladder, Apana Vayu, Kledaka Kapha

Reproductive organs, Apana Vayu, Kledaka Kapha, Ranjaka Pitta
Controls Prana VS

Vankshana
Lohita
Urvi (Oorvee)
Charana
Indrabasta
Gulpha
Kshipra

Reproductive organs, Apana Vayu, Pachaka Pitta, Ranjaka Pitta, Kledaka Kapha
Colon, lymph, reproductive system, circulation
Ovaries, testicles, colon, bladder, Purusha VS, Shukra and Artava VS

Colon, bladder
Reproductive organs, descending colon, ascending colon (constipation, diarrhea,
dysmenorrheal, leg pain), Apana
16, 17; Both inner and outer part below Colon, Kidneys
each ankle
18, 19; Between big and second toe, Reproductive organs, pituitary gland. Tala on foot stimulates Apana Vayu. Prana
thumb and index fingers
VS, Shukra and Artava VS, testicles, ovaries and lungs stimulated by Nadi ending in
big toe.

Vata-Balancing Marma: Back of Body

Marma
Karnapali
Karnamula
Griva
Vrukka
Kukundura
Kati
Trik
Sphig
Urvi
(Oorvee)
Indrabasta

Location (See Diagram)

1
2; Behind Ears
3; C6
4, 5; T12, Renal Angle
6, 7; L5
8; Lumbar-Sacral Joint
9; Tip of Coccyx
10, 11; Mid-Gluteal fold, Sit
Bones
12, 13; Rounded center of
thighs as well as back, front and
sides
14, 15

Benefits/Functions
Lumbar-sacral joint, Apana Vayu, Kundalini, root chakra
Intestines, colon, amnesia, Bells Palsy, Prana, Samana and Apana Vayu.
Small intestine, colon, Samana & Apana Vayu
Kidneys, adrenals
Bladder, kidney, ureter, colon
Bladder, ovaries, testicles, colon
Prostate, cervix, Kundalini, Apana Vayu, Shukra and Artava VS
Sciatica, colon, leg pain, Apana Vayu, Purisha VS
Ovaries, testicles, bladder, colon

Colon, hemorrhoids, IBS, sciatica

Pitta-Balancing Marma: Front of Body

Marma
Basti
Bhaga
Tala Hrida
Vankshana
Lohita
Urvi
(Oorvee)
Charana
Indrabasta

Location (See Diagram)

Benefits/Functions
1
Uterus, bladder, Apana Vayu, Kledaka Kapha
2
Reproductive organs, Apana Vayu, Kledaka Kapha, Ranjaka Pitta
3; Center of the arches of the Controls Prana VS
feet, center of palms
4, 5; Ligaments
Reproductive organs, Apana Vayu, Pachaka Pitta, Ranjaka Pitta,
Kledaka Kapha
6, 7; Midfemoral
Colon, lymph, reproductive system, circulation
8, 9, 10, 11; Rounded center of Ovaries, testicles, colon, bladder, Purusha VS, Shukra and Artava
thighs as well as back front and VS
sides
12, 13
Colon, bladder
14, 15; Rounded center of calves Reproductive organs, descending colon, ascending colon
(constipation, diarrhea, dysmenorrheal, leg pain), Apana

Pitta-Balancing Marma: Front of Body

Marma
Gulpha
Pleeha
Nabhi

Location (See Diagram)

16, 17; Both inner and outer
part below each ankle
13; Midpoint of lower left
ribs
14a, b, c and d; Center

Benefits/Functions
Colon, Kidneys
Ranjaka and Pachaka Pitta, spleen, left kidney and pancreas.
Seat of Samana Vayu and small intestine, junction between Prana and
Apana Vayu, site of 72,000 Nadis, Panchaka and Ranjaka Pitta.
a. Nabi 1: Gall bladder, head of pancreas, duodenum, regulates
Panchaka and Ranjaka Pitta, Samana Vayu and gastric fire.
b. Nabi 2: Spleen, Samana Vayu and small intestine.
c.
Nabi 3: Samana and Apana Vayu, regulates juncture of ileocecal
valve between Pitta and Vata, appendix and right ureters.
d. Nabi 4: Regulates Samana and Apana Vayu, descending colon and
left ureter.

Pitta-Balancing Marma: Back of Body

Marma

Location (See Diagram)

Benefits/Functions

Shivarandra

1; Two anguli behind

Murdhini
2; Posterior cranial fossa,
below occiput
3, 4; Base of occiput, l&r,
close to C1 and one anguli
out to each side

Sadhaka Pitta, headaches, calms mind, balances emotions and neck pain.

Manyamula
Vidhuram

Krkatika
Griva
Manyamani
Adhah
Skanda
Brahati

Parshwa
Sandhi
Angustha
Mula

5, 6; C2
7; C6
8; C7
9, 10

Sadhaka and Pachaka Pitta, connected to digestive process and acidic secretions. Anna
VS, Prana Vayu, stroke, pancreatic dysfunction and toxins in the sigmoid colon.
Alochaka Pitta, Ranjaka Pitta, Prana VS, occipital headaches, connected to acidic
secretions, nose bleeds, cerebral hypertension, disequilibria and visual disturbances.
Right: Liver
Left: Spleen
Spleen and liver.
Small intestine, colon, Samana and Apana Vayu.
Bhuta Agni, heart and Pituitary gland
Hyperacidity and gastritis

11, 12; Bottom tips of Rakta VS and Ranjaka Pitta.

scapula
Right: Gall bladder
Left: Spleen
13, 14; Literally side joint
Right: Liver
Left: Spleen
15; At the snuff box
Ranjaka Pitta, liver pain, spleenic pain, congestion in the spleen, anger, rage, hostility,
irritability and impatience.

Kapha-Balancing Marma: Front of Body

Marma
Kantha

Location (See Diagram)

1; Adams apple

Jatrurdhwa Granthi
Kanthanadi

2
3; Clavicle notch

Jatru

Apastambha

5, 6; Second intercostals space

Hrud 1

7, 8; Third intercostal space

Benefits/Functions
Udana Vayu, Prana Vayu, Bodhaka Kapha, vocal chords and
larynx.
Thyroid gland
Udana Vayu, Prana Vayu, Avalambaka Kapha, Sadhaka Pitta,
trachea, thyroid and metabolism.
Udana Vayu, Prana Vayu, thymus gland, Ojas, T-Lymphocyte
production and immune system.
Udana and Prana Vayu, Avalambaka Kapha, Prana VS, Anna VS,
bronchii, vegus nerve (rest and digest), pulmonary and aortic
valves, breast tissue, asthma, bronchitis, brings up grief and
sadness.
Vyana Vayu, Prana Vayu, Avalambaka Kapha, increases
circulation of lymph, pericardium, left and right atrium of the
heart.

Kapha-Balancing Marma: Front of Body

Marma
Hrud 2
Kakshadhara

Janu
Charana
Gulpha

Location (See Diagram)

9, 10; Fourth intercostals space

Benefits/Functions
Prana Vayu, Vyana Vayu, Avalambaka Kapha, heart valves and
ventricles, improves circulation of lymph and blood.
11, 12; Midpoints of deltopectoral Mamsa VS, Prana VS, allows heart to express its energy,
fossae
increased ventilation, lymph, breast/mastic tissue (promotes
circulation within tissue).
13, 14
Vyana Vayu, Prana Vayu, Avalambaka Kapha, Kledaka Kapha,
lymph, heart, lungs and bladder.
15, 16; Bifurcations of tibia and Thyroid, kidneys, diabetes, gall bladder, PMS, regulates Apana
fibula
and Vyana Vayus, Medha VS
17, 18; Below each ankle: Inner Ambu VS, Purisha VS, Apana Vayu, balances Prana. Lifting
and outer
inner ankle gives thyroid Prana. Lifting inner arch activates
Udana Vayu.
Outer: Ovaries and testicles.
Inner: Colon, kidneys, brings of negative emotions.

Kapha-Balancing Marma: Back of Body

Marma
Manyamula
Krkatika
Griva
Manyamani
Prustha
Amsa
Phalak
Vrukka
Janu

Location (See Diagram)

1; Above occiput
2, 3
4, 5, 6; C#, C4, c%
7; C7
8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b;
T3, T4, T5
11, 12; Center of scapula

Benefits/Functions
Pancreas
Diabetes, pancreas, lungs and asthma
Thoracic duct, vocal cords and parathyroid.
Heart, lungs, bronchus and bronchii.
Heart, lungs, asthma and bronchitis.

13, 14; Renal angles, T12

Ambu VS, Apana and Udana Vayu, adrenal pain, kidneys, regulating point
between Apana and Udana Vayu.
Lungs

15, 16

Heart, lungs, asthma and bronchitis.