Abstract:

In this project we are implementing a solution to control and to a certain

extent avoid accidents and mishappenings occurred due to uncontrolled
driving situations occurring at schools and hospitals and various other
buildings where maximum traffic movement is flowing.
We are using radio frequency technology to implement this project so
as to overcome the problems of wired networks as a constant maintenance
has to be done in this case. With wireless technology its quite easy to
install or uninstall a node so as to increase or to decrease the coverage
area of the network. With current technologies working in this domain some
of the best outcome in wireless field are:

Low power designs

High coverage area
Sleep mode to reduce power consumption
And many more

Wireless communication is among technologys biggest contributions to

mankind. Wireless communication involves the transmission of information
over a distance without help of wires, cables or any other forms of
electrical conductors. The transmitted distance can be anywhere between
a few meters (for example, a televisions remote control) and thousands of
kilometers (for example, radio communication). Some of the devices used
for wireless communication are:
Cordless telephones
Mobiles
GPS units
Wireless computer parts
Satellite television.

RF (Radio Frequency):
Short for radio frequency, RF is any frequency within the electromagnetic
spectrum associated with radio wave propagation. When an RF current is
supplied to an antenna, an electromagnetic field is created that then is able
to propagate through space. Many wireless technologies are based on RF
field propagation.
These frequencies make up part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum:

Ultra-low frequency (ULF) -- 0-3 Hz

Extremely low frequency (ELF) -- 3 Hz - 3 kHz
Very low frequency (VLF) -- 3kHz - 30 kHz
Low frequency (LF) -- 30 kHz - 300 kHz
Medium frequency (MF) -- 300 kHz - 3 MHz
High frequency (HF) -- 3MHz - 30 MHz
Very high frequency (VHF) -- 30 MHz - 300 MHz
Ultra-high frequency (UHF)-- 300MHz - 3 GHz
Super high frequency (SHF) -- 3GHz - 30 GHz
Extremely high frequency (EHF) -- 30GHz - 300 GHz

Block Diagram:

In this block diagram, both vehicles are equipped with RF receivers along
with microcontroller that senses the incoming data and controls the car(s)
driving parameters such as speed, horn, etc. as per the zones. The school
and hospital buildings have their own unique address that is radiated in the
air. Each RF transmitter has 100 meters coverage area that can be
extended to any amount such as thousands of meters to kilometers as per
the requirement. Each transmitter has an encoder section within for
address selection and each receiver has their decoder section or the same.

Circuit diagram:

Working of the circuit:

In first block wed used a voltage regulator to provide a constant +5V to
encoder IC HT12E and to RF TX module. The transmitter sends the data
read from encoder IC to serial data and fed to input pin of Tx module. The
RF Tx then radiates the signal into the air for broadcasting. Each Tx unit
broadcasts its address and data bits and the receiver tuned and matched to
this address gets the data and responds accordingly.
The second block is same as first one
The third block is receiver part where the radiated data is received at
antenna and is processed to serial data. This serial data is then input to the
decoder IC HT12D to convert it again to parallel one for microcontroller
interfacing. An LCD is also attached to the 8051 to show the ongoing
activity inside the microcontroller. The relay are connected to 8051 using
relay driver IC ULN2003 for motor speed control and horn control of the
car.

Budget of project:

S.No.

Components

Cost

1.

RF Modules

850/-

2.

Microcntroller

250/-

3.

LCD LM016L

550/-

4.

Crystal oscillator

80/-

5.

7805 voltage regulator

35/-

6.

12V relays

30/-

7.

Toy car

500/-

8.

Sensors

85/-

9.

Misc.

2800/-

List of references:
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generation-2 UHF RFID protocol for communications at 860 MHz 960
MHz, version 1.0.9. Online, September 2005.
http://www.epcglobalinc.org/standards_technology/EPCglobal2UHFRFIDPr
otocolV109122005.pdf.
2. CCC-TV lightning talks day 1. Online, 2005. http://media.ccc.de/browse/
congress/2005/22C3-911-enlightning_talk_day_1.html.
3. J. H. Conway. On Numbers and Games. Academic Press, 1976.
4. Y. Desmedt, C. Goutier, and S. Bengio. Special uses and abuses of the
Fiat-Shamir passport protocol. In CRYPTO, pages 2139, 1987.
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Hebrew). Invited Talk, CPIIS IDC/TAU Workshop on Electronic Voting, May
2009. http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/voting/.
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Security Symposium, pages 116, Boston,