Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
OF INDIA
IN THE SUPREME COIJRT
ORDERXVIRULE 4(iXA)
LEA\E PETITION
of India)
(under Article 136 of the Constitution
I:r-
(Arisingoutoftheimpugnedjudernen!*9.f]ii,orderdated2l,o2,IolzpassedbytheHon.bleHigh
WP No' 561412012)
tc.u.t Jt lraicature at Mud'u' in
BET\ATEEN
2i,
Rouse Avrll-r:le,
110 002'
No' 7
... ApPellant/ ResPondent
VS
A.K. Balaji
7/107, Mel Batcha Pet'
Petitroner
... ResPondent No'1/
I,VALERIEELENMARYDAVIES,daughterofCledwynWilsonDavies,havinganofficeat3
MoreLondonRiverside,LondonSEl2AQ,do.herebysolemnlyaffirmandsincerelyStateaS
follows:
l,IamaSolicitoroftheseniorCourtsofEnglandandWales'IwasadmittedasaSolicitorin
EnglandandWalesinJanuarylg?gandbecameaPartnerinNortonRoseinlg36.Iamthe
GlobalGeneralCounselofNortonRoseLLPandamemberandpartner'Iamauthorisedtomake
thisAffidavitandhavetheconductoftheseproceedingsonbehalfofNortonRoseLLP
i
1
Vk"*iwM
(.
!/)
'{fi
P
u6,1c Lo nd
on,
En s
(Luis N. HYde'Vaami:"-.,
anc
2e (t7'l
r .-r'r\ The Answering
::Tl[
of
thi'
;:]"ffi ;f: fi ::
t$S;:5;X
iTJ::li :;;*"il::I]
filed before
counter affidavit
my
to
refer
pu"tl
Respondent
the
affidavit'
r r.eave
to
is the 29th Respondent
the impugped
petition frled against
Court of
l'':*"*
'":;tilt;X;,
on the
z.Attheourset,Istarethat'theabovespecialLeavePetitionfrled"::"':;"'uua'u'("theHigh
O'*-"^1"' le High
and order
rai
se
U**
"'0"i"
d b v trre'rpp
Jrra:nt
t"'""'*'"'""
warrant
'"""U
nn'" o"
* *t'
aPPeal alat
Court in an
Hon'ble
O' tO"
allegation
each and everv
,3 ::,
"'1'"'*
l'u*t'l :1'
mention;l;":"$,'iil
:':
relate to
so far as theY
e Petition
ffi;;"ein'
*,:il*:',::H:l'x'1ffi;;;""0'n'"uu*:
Reguiati":i::::'l**i""
*":i:x;:::
counter
1 swore mv
Since
*"'""'itors
regulated o'
together with
to*llonon
"'2AQ'
Rose Australia'
sEl
Rose LLp "ru
Riverside, ,"ru",
".n* law firm ogilvy Renault' now
paragraPh
'' frn.u forces with
affidavit r*.."u''*
""r"u*n
;::T':'ffi
ffiT['J;:::;::;;JH;'ihes'u'ih^T::'$fi
:""1'r": :*j**'',.::;;l::::lt]fi:' :.*;..j
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't
the Answering
submit that
an orrice
;Ifl
,,
;;;;-n,
n":Y
u riur.on
"*':Tilj[.::: ffi:;
ru*
o,
]:il;
;T:::'"I
rooms or
usins hotel
*:":;ff":ffi:::';";;'":"'"::r::;;:i"fi:'ffi ::-T::il*:::
* ;;uing Resp'nden'l
"'
i:::il::i:#ru;;;l::ffi:'
4
sub
o,
Answer
mit that the
n"n*r**,
in s
* - :,i;;;:
shareholding
tn
::'- t::::: :H:ffi:#1:1"'l;ffi:jJ;
of iaw in I'dia
practice
the
does ,r".,
-lt *.*.ruenr
The Answelnl
firm'
raw
Indian
*'*o"
of lndian re**t"' 'nt
;;;
*t'n"'Ut"t
works with
instructs and
X,::ff'T':I
':::::;::'::l,TJ#:T:'f
number"ir**lawrirms-q:ff
contravention
Parties
does not represent
in
the
London, England
Xen;,b4
d*Vaamonde)
%ff'9-'
Respondent acts on matters for clients whose business spans across borders and jurisdictions and
which depends on lawyers who understand the nature of their business. With regard to business in
lndia, work done by the Answering Respondent is either in connection with investrnent outside
India by krdian based companies or business organizations, or in connection with investment into
India by companies and other business organizations based outside India or Indian
based
companies on matters of law other than hdian iaw. This includes representing clients who wish
to buy interests in business organizations and/or companies or setting up joint ventures or lendiug
money to lndian companies where the governing law of the transaction is English law or the law
of one of the other jurisdictions in which we practice law (by way of example France, Germany,
Italy, The Netherlands and Hong Kong). ln short, the Answering Respondent acts on international
law or
transactions where it gives advice, from an intemational perspective, to clients on English
one of the other laws mentioned above, Staff from the-Answering Respondent's various offices
may visit lndia to promote the tjrm and to visit clients and business contacts. This may include
giving talks and attending conferences held in India. I submit that these instances can in no way
be construed as legal practice in
Indian law, we work alongside lndian law firms who provide Indian law advice. Therefore the
Answering Respondent is fully entitled to engage in the activities that are iiescribed above. I
submit that none of the Answering Respondent's activities amount to the practice of iaw in India
and therefore cannot be subject to the regulatory control ofthe Indian authorities'
5.
The submissions of the Appellant before the High Court at Madras are recorded in para 26 of the
impugned judgment. I further submit that none of the questions of law raised before this Hon'ble
Court were canvassed by the Appellant'before the High Court at Madras' I submit that the
contentions of the Appellant before the High Court at Madras as found liorn its counter-affidavit
in WP 5614 of 2010 can be summarized
t.
as:
The issue in the Writ Petition has been settled by the judgment and order of the lligh
Court of Judicarure at Bombay ("the High Couri at Bombay") in WP No. 1526 of 1995 in
it
Advocates Act, 1961 not only governed practice in litigious matters but also practice in
a._.
11.
.:. I
.'.,:
Only persons who are citizens of India and thus eligible to enroll under Section 24 of the
Advocates Act, 1961 are allowed to practice. The Bar Council of India has the power to
provide for a relaxation ofsuch conditions.
N/.,wW
iii.Thepracticeofforeigrlawwithintheten.itoryoflndiawillalsobesubjecttoregulation
bytheBarCounciloflndia.Suchpracticecouldevenbebypractitionersregisteredor
jurisdictions'
recognized within their domestic
6. None of
impugned judgment'
called into question under the
been
have
points
aforesaid
the
ThereforethbAppellantcannotbeaggrievedbyanyofthefindingsorobservationsmadebythe
of law does not
does not state that the practice
judgment
High court at Madras. The impugred
at
paragraph 63(i) the High court
side' on the other hand' in
include practice on the non-litigious
Madrasaffirmsthatforeignlawfirmsorforeignlawyerscannotpracticetheprofessionoflaw
of the
side unless they fulfill the requirement
non-litigious
the
or
side
litigious
either on the
AdvocatesAct,lg6lortheBarCounciloflndiaRules.Further,theimpugnedjudgmentdoesnot
0f lndia
relaxation from the Bar council
otherwise have not obtained
state that non-citizens, who
states in para 44
High court ai Madras specifically
The
India.
within
law
are aliowed to practice
collective
the view taken 'n the Lawyers
judgment that it does not differ fronr
of the impugned
case.
T.HowevertheHighCourtatMadrasrightlypointsoutthattheprimaryquestionthatarosebefore
theHighCourtatBombaywaswhetherforeignlawlrrmscouldopenliaisonofficesinlndiaand
submit tllat at
and non-litigious matters' I
litigious
in
person
another
to
render legal assistance
paragraph45theHighCourtatMadrasinitsimpugnedjudgmentriglrtlypointsoutthatthe
lawyers, without establishing
foreign law firms or foreign
whether
is
case
this
in
question
any
inlndiaonforeignlaw,areprohibitedunderthe,provislonsoftheAdvocatesAct,ig6l'TheHigh
CourtatMadrasfu*herrightlypointsoutthatthisquestionwasneitherraisednoransweredinthe
LawYers Collectiv e case'
g.ThethirdpointraisedbytheAppellantthateventhe'practice'offoreigniawwithinlndiarvouid
Appellant before the l{igh court
of India was not argued by the
be governed by the Bar council
atMadras'lnanyevent,theterm.practice,envisagessomelevelofpermanencyofestablishment
oroperationsinlndia.onlythePetitionerbeforetheHighCourtatMadras(whoistheFirst
to India by a foreign iaw
visit
contended that even a temporary
Respondent in the present appeal)
firmoraforeignlawyerforandonbehalfofhisclienttoadviseaclientonmattersofforeignlaw
isalsonotpermittedundertheAdvocatesAct,lg6l'SuchcontentionwasrejectedandtheHigh
foreign
'lil
lndia for
firms or foreigrr lawyers from visiting
their own
in India regarding foreign law or
legal advice to their clients
giving
of
purpose
the
for
i:'i.j
,':,.i
|
.
1aw
Rules preventing
is no bar either in the Act or the
court at Madras decided that there
in and fly out' basis'
a temporary period on a 'fly
r::l
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London, Engtand
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Systemoflawand/orondiverseintemationailegalissues.TheFirstRespondenthasnotfiledan
appeal.TheAppellantwhowastheTtl,RespondentbeforetheHighCourtatMadrasneverraised
the High Court'
such contention before
9.
TheHighCourtatMadrastookonrecordtlresubmissionsmadebytheRespondentlawfirmsin
para47.;.Isubmitthatsuchvisitsonatemporaryortransientbasisdonotamounttopracticeof
of establishment but also
connotes perrnanency
only
not
term 'practice'
law within India. The
absent as far as the
day out basis which is
ln
auy
and
a systematic
follows'
connotes practice on
at Madras found as
At para 51, the High court
concerned,
Answering Respondent.is
,,suchactivitiescannotatallbeconsideredaspractisinglawinlndia,Ithasnotbeen
system of law or on
advice on their own
rawyers are free to
Engrand,
foreign
in
controverted that
EnglishLaworanyotherSystemoflawtuithoutanynationalityrequirementorneedtobe
qualifiedinEngland.,,Fufther,theHighCourtatMadiasalsoinparaS|reasonedthatin
to state that
internatioiralcommercialarbitrationbetweenlndianandforeignpartiesarisingoutof
it wourd be inappropriate
to foreign law,
that may be subject
international contracts
suchforeignpartiescannotberepresentedoradvisedbytheirownlawyersmerelybecausethe
venueofsucharbitrationisinlndia.Thereasonsarecogentlyexplainedinparagraphs52to5,Tot
theimpugnedjudgment.IsubmitthattheHighCourtatMadrasriglrtlyfoundinpara5Tas
follows,,,There/bre,toadyocateapropositia'nthatforeignlawyersorforeignlawfirmscannot
comeintolndiatoadvicetheirclienl,sonforeignlawwouldbeafarferchedanddangerous
proposifionandinouropinion,wouldbebtakeastepbacbward,whenlndiaisbecominga
preferredseatJbrarbitrationinlnternationalConmercialArbitratiol,is',,onthesaidbasis,the
on behalf of the
accepted the contention
judgment
in the impugned
High court at Madras
Respondentlawfirmsandaisopointedo,.u,nu,u60thatsuchanargumgntwouldbecounterof international arbitration
to make India a hub
Go,.**.nt
Indian
the
of
productive to the aim
.andwouldalsoresulttna,,manifestlyabsurdsituafionwhereinonlylndiancitizenswithlndian
lawdegreewhoareenrolledasanadyocateun'dertheAdvocatesActcouldpracticeforeign
law""
'
is
but
l0.Irespectfullysubmitthatthefindingsinparagraph63(ii)and(iii)arewellfoundedinlawand
its own eariier position
only inconsistent with
not
is
Apperlant
by the
the contention .uken
alsounsupportedbytheprovisionsoftheAdvocatesAct,lg6lortheBarCounciloflndiaRules.
Accordingly,thereisnothinginconectinanyofthefindingsintheimpugnedjudgmentwhich
by this Hon'ble Court'
deserves any interference
f,hE
lr,,t'"'
W\*NA
London,Eng]alo
[ilJ*Hil;taamonde]
11'Withoutprejudicetotheabovecontentions,sincetherearenodirectallegationsagainstthe
AnsweringRespondentinthespecialLeavePetition,Irespondparawiseonlytothequestionsof
Higir Court'
law raised before this Hon'ble
12.withrespecttoparagraph2(A)oftheSpecialLeavePetition'IsubmitthattheAppeilant's
questioniiverydifferentfromthefindingmadebytheHighCourtatMadrasinparagraph63(i)
oftheimpugnedjudgment.Paragraph63(i)statesthatforeignlawfirmsorforeignlawyerscannot
practicetheprofessionoflawinlndiaeitheronthelitigationornon-lidgationside,unlessthey
fulfiltherequirementsoftheAdvocatesAct,lg6landtlreBarCouncilofindiaRules.However,
appearingbeforeanArbitralTribunalinrespectofadisputearisingunderforeignlawshouldnot
at Madras
Therefore, the High court
be considered as
come
clarifiedwhatconstitutespracticrngtheprofessionoflaw.ItisinthisregardthattheHiglrCourt
cannot be debaffed to
stated: "Joreign lawyers
63(iii)
paragraph
in
its f,rnding
at Madras, in
tolndiaandconductarbitrationproceedingsinrespectofdisputesarisingoutoJ,aContract
commercial arbitration"
relating to international
'
13'Withrespecttoparagraph2(B)oftheSpecialLeavePetition,theissrteindisputeiswhetherit
on a mattel of foreign
1961 if advice is given
Act'
Advocates
the
of
breach the provisions
would
lawonaflyinandflyoutbasisbyaforeignlawyerorforeignfirm'However,theHighCourtat
Madrasfoundinparagraph63(ii)thatprovidinglegaladvicetoclientsinlndiaregardingfbreign
lawonaflyinandflyoutbasiswouldnotbreachiY.":theprovisionsoftheAdvoca.tesAct,
lg6l.TheHighCourtatMadrasheidthatgivingsuclr"u^"'.:ontemporaryvisitsona..flyinand
flyoutbasis,,doesnotconstitute..practicing,'tireprofessionoflawwhichistheprohibition
of theAdvocates Act' 1961'
imposed by Section 29
,ll,Withrespecttoparagraph2(C)ofthespecialLeavePetition,thequestionraisediswhethera
personnotenroiledasanadvocateundertheAdvocatesAct,lg6lcanbeallowedto..carryon
legalprofession,,.Paragraph63(i)confirmsthatapersonnotenrolledasan..Advocate,'inlrrdia
or non,itigation side'
whether on the ritigation
India
in
law
of
the profession
cannot practice
.Therefore,IamadvisedthatthiscannotformagroundforappealbeforethisHon,bleCourt.
transitorypresenceforgivingadviceonmattersofforeignlaworconductofarbitrationgoverned
:
v!
't,;','
:.t::.:.
):,,:'.'
'.:'14:t
byforeignlaw.IsubmitthattheHighCourtatMadraswasjustifredinfindingthatthereisnobar
eitherintheActortheRulesforforeignlawfirmsorforeignlauyerstovisitlndiafora
PW
London, Englann
ffiti.
Hvot-'aamonde)
to
clients in
IndiaregardingforeignlawortheirownSystemoflawandondiverseinternationalissues'Tlrere
63(i)
by the High Court at Madras in paragraph
is nothing inconsistent between the findrngs made
and 63(ii) of the impugned judgment'
keeping in
Court at Madras that law must be interpreted
enoneous about the hndings of the High
is conducted'
the international nature of business that
mind
consistent
ortransientpresenceofforeignlawyersorforeignlawfirmsinlndiawouldamountto
no enor which
,practicing, Iaw in India is unfounded and without basis' consequently there is
of the findings made by the High court at
interference by this Hon'ble Courr oir any
warrants the
toforeignlawyerswhovisitlndiatemporarilyoronaflyinflyoutbasistoadviseclientson
Arbitration' I believe that eacir of these
foreign iaw or to conduct lntemational commercial
ci.
country' Nothing
to regulatory supervision in their own home
Respondent law firms are subject
firms
judgment gives rise to a view that the foreign law
contained in any hnding of the impugned
'.:).
,::
if
24 of the
they do not satisfy the eligibility of Section
:i-/
19.
::1
:i
impugnedjudgment.IfurthersubmitthattheStandtakenbytheAppellarrtresultsinanabsurd
l't'l
tl
::,1
1,]
,j:i
conductlnternationalCommercialArbitrationswithinlndiaeventhoughtheywouldnotbe
,:l
.\
:.:a
and there is no
in paragraph 5 of this appeal are valid
submit that no'ne of the grounds raised
in paragraph 63 or elsewhere in the
the findings of the High court at Madras
error in ariy of
.,1
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Special Lea
20.AstherearenospecificallegationsagainsttheAnsweringRespondentinthe
Answering
petition, I seek the liberty to file an additional affidavit at a later stage, if the
that are made'
Responcient feels the need to respond to any allegations
2l.TheAppellanthasnotmadeoutanycaseforthegraniorcontinuationofanyoftheintenmrelief.
basis'
appeal are denied as unjustified and without
The allegations contained in paragraph 6 ofthe
22. Inview of the above,
it is therefore humbly
y
(
on this the
O7
l,blaly Pubk
'tt'
,.
Loll:f^:*:ld
a'.
TN
t-
3vv
':t.
BETWEBN
The Bar Council of India,
21, Rouse Avenue,
l0
002.
vs
A.K. Balaji
7
.. Respondent
No.li Petitioner
And 40 others.
I,
101
r6rs
At the outset, I state that the above Special Leave Petition filed against the impugned judgment
ancl order dated 2l
0l.l0ij
passed by the
I deny
each and every allegation mentioned in the Special Leave Petition so far
as they relate to the Answcring Responcent
22,,d
rrs
t-^..^
t-. ,
3\v N
to
present situation, the Answering Respondent being dragged
using liotel rooms or private premises either, Therelore in the
High courl at Madras is highly misconceived and pre.iudicial to
the Apex court to answer on matters never raised before the
the interests of the Answering Respondent'
ol law
joint ventures or lending money to Indian companies where the governing law of
the
visit lndia to promote the firm and to visit clients and business
Staff from the Answering Respondent,s various offices may
way
held in lndia. I submit that these instances can in no
contacts. This may include giving talks and attending conferences
referred to above which involve tndian law' we work
be construed as legal practice in India. [n all matters of the kind
of matters not involving Indian larv' we also
alongside lndian law firms who provide Indian law advice; in the majority
is fully entitled to engagc in the activities that are
work alongside Indian law firms. Therefore the Answering Respondent
to the practice of law in India and
I submit that none of the Answering Respondent's activities amount
described above.
authorities.
therefore cannot be subject to the regulatory control ofthe Indian
Respondent by christopherJohn Humphrey Parsotls
I have otherwise read the affidavitto be subrnitted on behatf of the22nd
those
to 22 (incrusive) of that affidavit. I agree with and adopt
before this Flon,ble court and specificatty paragraphs 5
Firm.
paragraphs of Mr parson's affidavit on behalf of the 36tl' Respondent
in the Special Leave Petition, I seek the liberly to file
As there are no specific allegations against the Answering Respondent
feels the need to respond to any allegations that are
an additional affidavit at a later stage if the Answering Respondent
7i:1.
,|l
g.
Petition withexemplarycostsandthusrenderjustice'
l-,+
b*t2,4;'r4itcd
in
l*' 4"'^l
tun'+-paFH
BEFORE ME
Gordurrffavid CooPer