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7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections

Write each equation in the xyplane for the given value of

1.x2 y 2 = 9,

. Then identify the conic.

SOLUTION:
2

x y = 9,

Find the equations for x and y.


x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.

(x')

x'y'

x'y' +
2

(x')

=9

(y')

=9

x'y' +

(y')

(x')

x'y'

(x')
2

x'y' +

(y')

=9

(y') = 9

x'y' + (y') = 18
2
xy (y) + 18 = 0

(x') 2
2

(x) + 2
2

B 4AC = 16 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.

ANSWER:
2

(x) + 2

2.xy = 8,

xy (y) + 18 = 0; hyperbola
=45

SOLUTION:
xy = 8, =45
Find the equations for x and y.
x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


= 8

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(x')

x'y' +

x'y'

(y')

= 8

Page 1

B 4AC = 16 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.

ANSWER:
2
2
7-4 (x)
Rotations
of Conic
+2
xy
(y) + 18Sections
= 0; hyperbola

2.xy = 8,

=45

SOLUTION:
xy = 8, =45
Find the equations for x and y.
x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


= 8
2

(x')

x'y'

x'y' +
2

(x')

(y')

= 8

(y') + 8 = 0

2
2
(x) (y) + 16 = 0
2

B 4AC = 4 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.

ANSWER:
2

(x) (y) + 16 = 0; hyperbola

3.x2 8y = 0,

SOLUTION:
2

x 8y = 0,

Find the equations for x and y.


x = xcos ysin
x = y
y = xsin +ycos
y = x
Substitute into the original equation.
2
(y') 8x' = 0
2
(y') 8x' = 0
There is only one squared term, so the conic is a parabola.

ANSWER:
2

(y) 8x = 0; parabola

4.2x2 + 2y 2 = 8,

SOLUTION:

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2x + 2y = 8,

Page 2

(y') 8x' = 0
There is only one squared term, so the conic is a parabola.

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of Conic Sections
2
(y) 8x = 0; parabola

4.2x2 + 2y 2 = 8,

SOLUTION:
2

2x + 2y = 8,

Find the equations for x and y.


x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


2
2

=8

+2

+2
2

(x')

x'y' +

=8
2

(y) +

(x) +

x'y' +
2

(y')

2(x) + 2(y)

2
2

=8
=8

2
2
(x) + (y) 4 = 0
2
B 4AC = 4 which is less than 0, B = 0, and A = C, so the conic is a circle.

ANSWER:
2

(x) + (y) 4 = 0; circle

5.y 2 + 8x = 0,

=30

SOLUTION:
2

y + 8x = 0, =30
Find the equations for x and y.
x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


=0

+8
2

(x') +

x'y' +

x'y' +

(y') + 4

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(x') +
2

x'y' +

(y') + 4
2

x' 4y'

=0

x' 4y'

=0

Page 3

=0

B 4AC = 4 which is less than 0, B = 0, and A = C, so the conic is a circle.

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
2
2 of Conic Sections
(x) + (y) 4 = 0; circle

5.y 2 + 8x = 0,

=30

SOLUTION:
2

y + 8x = 0, =30
Find the equations for x and y.
x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


=0

+8
2

(x') +

x'y' +
2

(x') +
2

x'y' +

(y') + 4

x'y' +

(y') + 4

(x) + 2

xy + 3(y) + 16

x' 4y'

=0

x' 4y'

=0

x 16y'

=0

B 4AC = 0, so the conic is a parabola.

ANSWER:
2

(x) + 2

x 16y = 0; parabola

xy + 3(y) + 16

6.4x2 + 9y 2 = 36,

=30

SOLUTION:
2

4x + 9y = 36, =30
Find the equations for x and y.
x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


4
4

+9

+9
2

3(x') 2
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero12(x')

= 36
2

x'y' + (y') +

(x') +

21(x) + 10

(y')

= 36

x'y' + 27(y')

= 144

x'y' +

x'y' + 4(y') + 9(x') + 18


2

= 36

xy + 31(y) 144 = 0

B 4AC = 2304 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.

Page 4

B 4AC = 0, so the conic is a parabola.

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of Conic
2
2 Sections
(x) + 2

x 16y = 0; parabola

xy + 3(y) + 16

6.4x2 + 9y 2 = 36,

=30

SOLUTION:
2

4x + 9y = 36, =30
Find the equations for x and y.
x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


4
4

+9

= 36

+9
2

3(x') 2
2

12(x') 8

= 36
2

x'y' + (y') +

(x') +

x'y' + 4(y') + 9(x') + 18


2

21(x) + 10

(y')

= 36

x'y' + 27(y')

= 144

x'y' +

2
xy + 31(y) 144 = 0

B 4AC = 2304 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.

ANSWER:
2

xy + 31(y) 144 = 0; ellipse

21(x) + 10

7.x2 5x + y 2 = 3,

=45

SOLUTION:
2

x 5x + y = 3, =45
Find the equations for x and y.
x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


5
2

(x')

x'y'

x'y' +

(y')

=3

x' +

y' +

(x') +

x'y' +

x'y'
=3

(y')

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Page 5

(x') + (y')

x' +

y' 3 = 0

B 4AC = 2304 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of Conic Sections
2
2

xy + 31(y) 144 = 0; ellipse

21(x) + 10

7.x2 5x + y 2 = 3,

=45

SOLUTION:
2

x 5x + y = 3, =45
Find the equations for x and y.
x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


5
2

(x')

x'y'

x'y' +

(y')

=3

x' +

y' +

(x') +

x'y' +

x'y'
=3

+
2

(x') + (y')
2

x' +

2(x) + 2(y) 5
x+5
2
B 4AC = 16 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.

(y')

y' 3 = 0
y 6 =0

ANSWER:
2

2(x) + 2(y) 5

8.49x2 16y 2 = 784,

x+5

y 6 = 0; ellipse

SOLUTION:
2

49x 16y = 784,

Find the equations for x and y.


x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


16

49

= 784

16

49

= 784

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Page 6

(x') 49x'y' +

(y') 8(x') 16x'y' 8(y')

= 784

B 4AC = 16 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
2
2 of Conic Sections
2(x) + 2(y) 5

x+5

8.49x2 16y 2 = 784,

y 6 = 0; ellipse

SOLUTION:
2

49x 16y = 784,

Find the equations for x and y.


x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


16

49

= 784

16

49
2

(x') 49x'y' +

= 784
2

(y') 8(x') 16x'y' 8(y')

= 784

2
2
2
2
49(x') 98x'y' + 49(y') 16(x') 32x'y' 16(y') = 1568
2
2
33(x) 130xy + 33(y) 1568 = 0
2

B 4AC = 15,811 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.

ANSWER:
2

33(x) 130xy + 33(y) 1568 = 0; hyperbola

9.4x2 25y 2 = 64,

=90

SOLUTION:
2

4x 25y = 64, =90


Find the equations for x and y.
x = xcos ysin
x = y
y = xsin +ycos
y = x
Substitute into the original equation.
2
2
4(y') 25(x') = 64
2
2
4(y') 25(x') = 64
2
2
25(x) 4(y) + 64 = 0
2
B 4AC = 400 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.

ANSWER:
2

25(x) 4(y) + 64 = 0; hyperbola


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10.6x + 5y = 30,
SOLUTION:

=30

Page 7

B 4AC = 400 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of Conic Sections
2
2
25(x) 4(y) + 64 = 0; hyperbola

10.6x2 + 5y 2 = 30,

=30

SOLUTION:
2

6x + 5y = 30, =30
Find the equations for x and y.
x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


6
6

= 30

+5

+5
2

(x') 3
2

18(x') 12

x'y' +

= 30
2

(y') +

(x') +

x'y' +

x'y' + 6(y') + 5(x') + 10


2

(y')

x'y' + 15(y')

= 30

= 120

2
xy + 21(y) 120 = 0

23(x) 2
2

B 4AC = 1920 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.

ANSWER:
2

23(x) 2

xy + 21(y) 120 = 0; ellipse

Using a suitable angle of rotation for the conic with each given equation, write the equation in standard
form.
11.xy = 4

SOLUTION:
xy = 4
2

B 4AC = 1 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.


cot 2

cot 2

=0

=
=

Find the equations for x and y.


x = x cos y sin
=

= x sin
=

Substitute these values into the original equation.


xy = 4

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= 4

+y cos

x +

y
Page 8

B 4AC = 1920 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of Conic 2Sections
2
23(x) 2

xy + 21(y) 120 = 0; ellipse

Using a suitable angle of rotation for the conic with each given equation, write the equation in standard
form.
11.xy = 4

SOLUTION:
xy = 4
2

B 4AC = 1 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.


cot 2

cot 2

=0
=

=
Find the equations for x and y.
x = x cos y sin
=

= x sin
=

+y cos

x +

Substitute these values into the original equation.


xy = 4
= 4
2

xy +

(x)

xy

(y)

(x)

(y)

(x)

(y)

= 4
= 4
= 1
=1

ANSWER:

=1

12.x2 xy + y 2 = 2
SOLUTION:
2

x xy + y = 2
2
B 4AC = 3 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.
cot 2

cot 2

=0

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Page 9

ANSWER:

=1
7-4 Rotations
of
Conic Sections

12.x2 xy + y 2 = 2
SOLUTION:
2

x xy + y = 2
2
B 4AC = 3 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.
cot 2

cot 2

=0
=

=
Find the equations for x and y.
x = x cos y sin
=

= x sin
=

+y cos

x +

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2

x xy + y

=2
=2

(y)

=2
2

(x) +
2

(x) +

(y) = 2
(y)

=1
=1

ANSWER:

13.145x2 + 120xy + 180y 2 = 900


SOLUTION:
2

145x + 120xy + 180y = 900


2
B 4AC = 90,000 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.
cot 2

cot 2

sin 2

andcos2

7 +Manual
24 =-25
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=

Page 10

B 4AC = 90,000 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.


=

cot 2

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


=

cot 2
2

sin 2

andcos2

7 + 24 = 25

=
andcos .

Use the halfangle identities to determine sin


sin

cos

Find the equations for x and y.


x = x cos y sin
x

= x sin
=

+y cos

x +

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2
2
145x + 120xy + 180y = 900

145

+ 120

145

= 900

+180

+ 120
180

xy +

(x)

(y) +

(x)

= 900
2

xy

(y) +

xy +

(x) +

= 900
(y)

2
2

= 4500
= 4500

=1

261(x) 696xy + 464(y) + 288(x) 168xy 288(y) + 576(x) + 864xy + 324(y)


2
2
1125(x) + 500(y)
+

ANSWER:
=1

14.16x2 24xy + 9y 2 5x 90y + 25 = 0


SOLUTION:
2

16x 24xy + 9y 5x 90y + 25 = 0


2

B 4AC = 0, so the conic is a parabola.


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cot 2
cot 2

Page 11

14.16x2 24xy + 9y 2 5x 90y + 25 = 0


SOLUTION:
2
2
7-4 16x
Rotations
Sections
24xy + of
9y Conic
5x 90y
+ 25 = 0
2

B 4AC = 0, so the conic is a parabola.


cot 2

cot 2

sin 2

andcos2

7 + 24 = 25

Use the halfangle identities to determine sin


sin

andcos .

cos

Find the equations for x and y.


x = x cos y sin
=

= x sin
=

+y cos

x +

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2
2
16x 24xy + 9y 5x 90y + 25 = 0

24

16

90

xy +

+
3x + 4y 72x 54y + 25 = 0

9
2

+ 25 = 0

24

16

(x)

+9

(y)

(x) +

xy +

(y) +

(x)

+
xy +

(y) 75x 50y + 25 = 0

2
2
2
2
2
144(x) 384xy + 256(y) 288(x) + 168xy + 288(y) + 144(x) +
2
216xy + 81(y) 1875x 1250y + 625 = 0
2
625(y) 1875x 1250y + 625 = 0
2
(y) 2y + 1 3x = 0
2
(y 1) = 3x

ANSWER:
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(y 1) = 3x

15.2x2 72xy + 23y 2 + 100x 50y = 0

Page 12

2
216xy + 81(y) 1875x 1250y + 625 = 0
2
625(y) 1875x 1250y + 625 = 0
2
(y) 2y + 1 3x = 0
2
(y 1) = 3x

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


ANSWER:
2

(y 1) = 3x

15.2x2 72xy + 23y 2 + 100x 50y = 0


SOLUTION:
2

2x 72xy + 23y + 100x 50y = 0


2
B 4AC = 5000 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.
cot 2

cot 2

sin 2

andcos2

7 + 24 = 25

Use the halfangle identities to determine sin

andcos .

sin

cos

Find the equations for x and y.


x = x cos y sin
=

= x sin
=

x +

+y cos
y

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2

2x 72xy + 23y + 100x 50y


72

+ 23

+ 100
50

xy +

(y)

+ 80x 60y 30x 40y

+23
(x)

=0

72

(x)

xy +

(y) +

=0

(x) +

xy

=0

+
2

(y) + 50x 100y


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=0

2
2
2
2
2
32(x) 48xy + 18(y) 864(x) 504xy + 864 (y) + 207(x) + 552xy +
2
368(y) + 1250x 2500y = 0

Page 13

+ 80x 60y 30x 40y

+23
2
2
(x) ofxy
+
(y)
7-4 Rotations
Conic
Sections

(x)

xy +

(y) +

(x) +

xy

=0

+
2

(y) + 50x 100y

=0

2
2
2
2
2
32(x) 48xy + 18(y) 864(x) 504xy + 864 (y) + 207(x) + 552xy +
2
368(y) + 1250x 2500y = 0
2
2
625(x) + 1250(y) + 1250x 2500y = 0
2
2
(x) + 2(y) + 2x 4y = 0
2
2
2(y) 4y (x) + 2x = 0
2
2
2[(y) 2y + 1] [(x) 2x + 1] 2+1 = 0
2
2
2(y 1) (x 1) = 1

=1

ANSWER:

16.x2 3y 2 8x + 30y = 60
SOLUTION:
2

x 3y 8x + 30y = 60
2
B 4AC = 12 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.
cot 2

cot 2

tan 2

or0

=0
=0
=0
The conic has not been rotated. Convert the equation to standard form.
2
2
x 3y 8x + 30y = 60
2
2
x 8x 3y + 30y 60 = 0
sin 2
2

2
2
(x 8x + 16) 3(y 10y + 25) 16 + 3(25) 60 = 0
2
2
(x 4) 3(y 5) = 1

=1

ANSWER:

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17.8x2 + 12xy + 3y 2 + 4 = 6

Page 14

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


16.x2 3y 2 8x + 30y = 60
SOLUTION:
2

x 3y 8x + 30y = 60
2
B 4AC = 12 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.
cot 2

cot 2

tan 2

or0

=0
=0
=0
The conic has not been rotated. Convert the equation to standard form.
2
2
x 3y 8x + 30y = 60
2
2
x 8x 3y + 30y 60 = 0
sin 2
2

2
2
(x 8x + 16) 3(y 10y + 25) 16 + 3(25) 60 = 0
2
2
(x 4) 3(y 5) = 1

=1

ANSWER:

17.8x2 + 12xy + 3y 2 + 4 = 6
SOLUTION:
2

8x + 12xy + 3y + 4 = 6
2

B 4AC = 4 which is greater than 0, so the conic is a hyperbola.


cot 2

cot 2

=
=13

sin 2

andcos2

Use the halfangle identities to determine sin


sin

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=

andcos .
cos

Page 15

sin 2

andcos2

Use the halfangle identities to determine sin

andcos .

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


sin

cos

Find the equations for x and y.


x = x cos y sin
x

= x sin
=

+y cos
x +

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2
2
8x + 12xy + 3y + 4 = 6

+ 12

=2

+3

+ 12
+3

xy +

(x)

(y) +

(x) +
2

xy
2

=2

(y) +

xy +

(x) +
2

(y)

=2

= 26
= 26

72 (x) 96xy + 32(y) + 72 (x) + 60xy 72 (y) + 12(x) + 36xy + 27(y)


2
2
156(x) 13(y)
2

6(x)

=1
=1

ANSWER:

18.73x2 + 72xy + 52y 2 + 25x + 50y 75 = 0


SOLUTION:
2

73x + 72xy + 52y + 25x + 50y 75 = 0


2

B 4AC = 10,000 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.


=

cot 2

=
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=
2

Page 16

SOLUTION:
2

73x + 72xy + 52y + 25x + 50y 75 = 0


2

B 4AC = 10,000 which is less than 0 and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


=

cot 2

=
=
2

sin 2

andcos2

7 + 24 = 25

Use the halfangle identities to determine sin


sin

andcos .

cos

Find the equations for x and y.


x = x cos y sin
x

= x sin
=

+y cos

x +

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2
2
73x + 72xy + 52y + 25x + 50y 75 = 0

73

+ 72

+ 52
25

73

+
75

+ 50

+ 72

+ 20x 15y + 30x + 40y 75

52
2

xy +

(x)

(y) +

=0

=0

xy

(x) +

(y) +

(x) +
2

xy +
2

(y) + 50x + 25y 75

1168(x) 1752xy + 657(y) + 864(x) + 504xy 864 (y) + 468(x) +


2
1248xy + 832(y) + 1250x + 625y 1875
2

2500(x) + 625(y) + 1250x + 625y 1875


2
2
4(x) + (y) + 2x + y 3
2

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+ (y) + y +

=0

=0
=0
=0

+(y) + y 3

=0

=0

Page 17

1248xy + 832(y) + 1250x + 625y 1875


2

2500(x) + 625(y) + 1250x + 625y 1875


2
2
4(x) + (y) + 2x + y 3

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections

+ (y) + y +

=0
=0
=0

+(y) + y 3

=0

=0

=
=1

=1

ANSWER:

=1

Write an equation for each conic in the xy plane for the given equation in xy form and the given value
of .

19.(x)2 + 3(y)2 = 8,

SOLUTION:
2

(x) + 3(y) = 8,

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2
2
(x) + 3(y) = 8
=8

+3
2

x + xy +
2

x + xy +

y +3
2

y +

=8
2

y 3xy +

2x 2xy + 2y
2

2
2

=8
=8

x xy + y 4 = 0

ANSWER:
2
2
eSolutions
x Manual
xy + y- Powered
4 = 0by Cognero

Page 18

=1

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


Write an equation for each conic in the xy plane for the given equation in xy form and the given value
of .

19.(x)2 + 3(y)2 = 8,

SOLUTION:
2

(x) + 3(y) = 8,

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos

y
x sin

y =

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2
2
(x) + 3(y) = 8
=8

+3
2

x + xy +

y +3

x + xy +

y +

=8
2

y 3xy +

2x 2xy + 2y

2
2

=8
=8

2
2
x xy + y 4 = 0

ANSWER:
2

x xy + y 4 = 0

20.

=1,

=1,

SOLUTION:

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.


eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

9(x) (y)

=1
2

= 225

Page 19

2
2
x xy + y 4 = 0

ANSWER:
2
2
7-4 xRotations
Sections
xy + y of
4 =Conic
0

20.

=1,

=1,

SOLUTION:

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos

y
x sin

y =

Substitute these values into the original equation.

=1

9(x) (y)

= 225
= 225

9
2

x + 9xy +

y + xy
2

y + xy

x
x

= 225

= 225

2
2
4x + 10xy + 4y 225 = 0

ANSWER:
2

4x + 10xy + 4y 225 = 0

21.

=1,

=1,

SOLUTION:

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin
x

Substitute these values into the original equation.

4(x) (y)

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

=1
2

= 36
= 36

Page 20

2
2
4x + 10xy + 4y 225 = 0

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of2 Conic Sections
2
4x + 10xy + 4y 225 = 0

21.

=1,

=1,

SOLUTION:

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.

=1

4(x) (y)

= 36
= 36

y +

xy

xy + 3y

y +

xy

= 36

xy 3x

= 144

4
2

x +2

xy + 12y y + 2

4x + 8

x + 10

= 36

2
xy + 11y 144 = 0

ANSWER:
2

xy + 11y 144 = 0

x + 10

22.(x)2 = 8(y),

=45

SOLUTION:
2

(x) = 8(y), =45


Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2

(x)
2
(x) 8y

= 8(y)
=0

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 21

=0

2
xy + 11y 144 = 0

x + 10

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of Conic
Sections
2
2
xy + 11y 144 = 0

x + 10

22.(x)2 = 8(y),

=45

SOLUTION:
2

(x) = 8(y), =45


Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos

y
x sin

y =

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2

(x)
2
(x) 8y
8
2

y 4

x + xy +
2

x + 2xy+y + 8

= 8(y)
=0
=0

y +4

=0

x 8

=0

ANSWER:
2

x8

x + 2xy+y + 8

23.

y =0

=1, =

SOLUTION:
=1, =

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.


+

=1

4(x) + (y)
4

xy + y +

= 28
= 28

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

3x + 2

xy +

xy +

= 28
= 28

Page 22

x + 2xy+y + 8

x 8

=0

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
2
2 of Conic Sections
x8

x + 2xy+y + 8

23.

y =0

=1, =

SOLUTION:
=1, =

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.


+

=1

4(x) + (y)
4

xy + y +

xy + 4y + 3y 2

12x + 8

13x + 6

= 28
= 28

4
3x + 2

xy +

xy +

xy + x

= 28

= 28

= 112

xy + 7y 112 = 0

ANSWER:
2

xy + 7y 112 = 0

13x + 6

24.4x = (y)2,

=30

SOLUTION:
2

4x = (y) , =30
Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin
x

Substitute these values into the original equation.


4x

= (y)
2
2 =0
4(x) (y)

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 23

=0

2
xy + 7y 112 = 0

13x + 6

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of Conic
Sections
2
2
xy + 7y 112 = 0

13x + 6

24.4x = (y)2,

=30

SOLUTION:
2

4x = (y) , =30
Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.


4x

= (y)
2
2 =0
4(x) (y)

x + 2y

2
4(2

=0

4
2

xy

y +
2

x + 2y

xy

y +
2

x 8y + 3y 2

x 2

xy + 3y 8

=0

2
x ) = (4)0

xy + x

x 8y

=0
=0

ANSWER:
2

x 2

25.

xy + 3y 8

x 8y = 0

=1,

=45

=1,

=45

SOLUTION:

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.

(x) 4(y)
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

=1
2

= 64
= 64

Page 24

x 2

xy + 3y 8

x 8y

=0

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of 2Conic Sections
2
x 2

25.

xy + 3y 8

x 8y = 0

=1,

=45

=1,

=45

SOLUTION:

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.

(x) 4(y)

=1
2

4
2

x + xy +

= 64

y 4

x + xy +

= 64

= 64
2

y 2y + 4xy 2x

= 64

2
2
2
2
x + 2xy + y 4y + 8xy 4x = 128
2
2
3x + 10xy 3y = 128
2
2
3x 10xy + 3y + 128 = 0

ANSWER:
2

3x 10xy + 3y + 128 = 0

26.(x)2 = 5(y),

SOLUTION:
2

(x) = 5(y),

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin
x

Substitute these values into the original equation.


eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

(x) = 5(y)
2
2
(x) 5(y) = 0

Page 25

2
2
3x 10xy + 3y + 128 = 0

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of2 Conic Sections
2
3x 10xy + 3y + 128 = 0

26.(x)2 = 5(y),

SOLUTION:
2

(x) = 5(y),

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2

(x) = 5(y)
2
2
(x) 5(y) = 0
5
2

x +

xy +

=0
x

=0

=0

x 10y

=0

y+

xy + 3y 10y + 10

x +2
2

x + 3y + 2

xy + 10

ANSWER:
2

x + 3y + 2

27.

xy + 10

x 10y = 0

=1,

=30

=1,

=30

SOLUTION:

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin
x

Substitute these values into the original equation.

9(x) 4(y)
eSolutions Manual - Powered by 9
Cognero

=1
2

= 36
= 36

Page 26

x + 3y + 2

xy + 10

x 10y

=0

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of Conic Sections
2
2
x + 3y + 2

27.

xy + 10

x 10y = 0

=1,

=30

=1,

=30

SOLUTION:

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.

=1

9(x) 4(y)

= 36

9
4

9
2

x +
2

= 36
2

y 3y + 2

xy +
2

xy + 9y 12y + 8

27x + 18

= 36

23x + 26

xy x
xy 4x

= 36

= 144

2
xy 3y 144 = 0

ANSWER:
2

23x + 26

28.

xy 3y 144 = 0
=1, =60

SOLUTION:
+

=1, =60

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin
x

Substitute these values into the original equation.


eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

+
2

4(x) + 3(y)

=1
2

= 12

Page 27

2
xy 3y 144 = 0

23x + 26

ANSWER:

7-4 Rotations
of Conic
Sections
2
2
xy 3y 144 = 0

23x + 26

28.

=1, =60

SOLUTION:
=1, =60

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.


+

=1

4(x) + 3(y)
4

+3

= 12

+3
2

x +2

= 12
2

xy + 3y +
2

13x + 2

= 12

xy + 9x

= 48

xy +

xy + 12y + 3y 6

4x + 8

= 12

2
xy + 15y 48 = 0

ANSWER:
2

xy + 15y 48 = 0

13x + 2

29.ASTRONOMY Suppose 144(x)2 + 64(y)2= 576 models the shape in the xyplane of a reflecting mirror in a
telescope.
a.Ifthemirrorhasbeenrotated30,determinetheequationofthemirrorinthexyplane.
b. Graph the equation.

SOLUTION:
a. Find the equations for x and y for
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y=y cos
y =

=30.

y
x sin
x

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2
2
144(x) + 64(y) = 576

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

144

+ 64

= 576

Page 28

x sin

y=y cos

=
y of
x Conic Sections
7-4 yRotations
Substitute these values into the original equation.
2
2
144(x) + 64(y) = 576
144
144

= 576

+ 64
+ 64

108x + 36y + 72

= 576
2

124x + 40
b. Graph the equation by solving for y.
2

xy + 48y + 16x 32

xy

= 576

2
xy + 84y 576 = 0

84y + (40
x)y + (124x 576) = 0
Use the quadratic formula.
y=
y=
Graph the conic using your graphing calculator.

ANSWER:
a. 31x2 10

b.

xy + 21y = 144

Graph each equation if it has been rotated at the indicated angle.

30.

=160

SOLUTION:
+

=160

Find the equations for x and y.


x= x cos +y sin

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

x =

x+

Page 29

30.

=160

SOLUTION:

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


=160

Find the equations for x and y.


x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y=y cos
y =

y
x sin

Substitute these values into the original equation.


+
2

9(x) + 4(y)
9
9

9x + 18

= 36
2

y +y 2

xy +

= 36
= 36

+4
+4

x +

xy + 27y + 4y 8
2

21x + 10
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2

=1

xy + 3x
xy + 12x

= 36

= 144

xy + 31y 144 = 0

31y + (10
x)y + 21x 144
Use the quadratic formula.
y=
y=
y=
Graph the conic using your graphing calculator.

ANSWER:

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 30

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


ANSWER:

31.

=1; 45

SOLUTION:

=1; 45

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos

y
x sin

y =

Substitute these values into the original equation.

=1

36(x) 25(y)

25

36

= 900

25

36
2

9x + 36xy + 9y

= 900

= 900
2

y + 25xy

= 900

2
2
2
2
18x + 72xy + 18y 25y + 50xy 25x = 1800
2
2
7x + 122xy 7y 1800 = 0
2
2
7x 122xy + 7y + 1800 = 0
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
7y (122x)y + 7x + 1800 = 0
Use the quadratic formula.

y=
y=
y=
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Graph the conic using your graphing calculator.

Page 31

y=

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


y=
y=
Graph the conic using your graphing calculator.

ANSWER:

32.(x)2 + 6x y=9; 30
SOLUTION:
2

(x) + 6x y=9; 30
Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x =

x+

x sin

y=y cos
y =

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2
(x) + 6x y = 9

y+

= 9

x + 3y

y+

= 9

+6

x +
2

3x + 2
2

xy +

y +3
2

xy + y + 12

x + 12y 2

3x + 2
xy + y + (12
+ 2)x + (12 2
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2

y + (2
x + 12 2
)y + 3x + (12
Use the quadratic formula.

y + 2x

= 36

)y + 36 = 0

+ 2)x + 36 = 0

y=
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

y=

Page 32

3x + 2

xy + y + 12

x + 12y 2

3x + 2
xy + y + (12
+ 2)x + (12 2
Graph the equation by solving for y.

7-4 Rotations
of Conic Sections
2
2

y + (2
x + 12 2
)y + 3x + (12
Use the quadratic formula.

y + 2x

= 36

)y + 36 = 0

+ 2)x + 36 = 0

y=

y=

y=
Graph the conic using your graphing calculator.

ANSWER:

33.8(x)2 + 6(y)2 = 24; 30


SOLUTION:
2

8(x) + 6(y) = 24; 30


x =

x+

y=y cos
y =

y
x sin
x

Substitute these values into the original equation.


2
2
8(x) + 6(y) = 24
8

= 24

+6

+6

2 by Cognero
eSolutions Manual - Powered

6x + 4
2

12x + 8

= 24

xy + 2y +
2

y 3
2

xy + 4y + 9y 6

= 24

xy + 3x

= 48

xy +

Page 33

= 24

+6

7-4 Rotations
of Conic Sections
8
+6
2

6x + 4

xy + 2y +

12x + 8

= 24
2

y 3

xy + 4y + 9y 6
2

= 24

xy + 3x

= 48

2
xy + 13y 48 = 0

15x + 2
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2

xy +

13y + (2
x) y + 15x 48 = 0
Use the quadratic formula.
y=
y=
y=

ANSWER:

34.

=1; 45

SOLUTION:

=1; 45

Use the rotation formulas for x and y to find the equation of the rotated conic in the xyplane.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

y = y cos
y =

y
x sin

eSolutions
Manual -these
Powered
by Cognero
Substitute
values
into the

original equation.

Page 34

=1

x =

x+

y = y cos

y
x sin

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


y =

Substitute these values into the original equation.

=1

4(x) (y)

= 16

y + xy

2x + 4xy +2y

y + xy

4
2

x
x

4x + 8xy + 4y y + 2xy x
2

= 16

2
2

= 16
= 16
= 32

3x + 10xy + 3y 32 = 0
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
3y + (10x)y + 3x 32 = 0
y=
y=
y=

ANSWER:

35.y = 3(x)2 2x+560


SOLUTION:
2

y = 3(x) 2x+560
Find the equations for x and y.
x= x cos +y sin
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

x =

x+

y=y cos

x sin

Page 35

35.y = 3(x) 2x+560


SOLUTION:
2

7-4

y = 3(x) 2x+560
Rotations
of Conic
Find
the equations
for x andSections
y.
x= x cos +y sin
x =

x+

x sin

y=y cos
y =

Substitute these values into the original equation.


y

= 3(x) 2x+5
2
y 3(x) + 2x 5 = 0
y

x3

x3

2y 2

x
2

x 3x 6

y 5 =0

y +x+

y 5 =0

xy 9y + 4x + 4

+x+
2

xy

xy 9y + (4 2
3x 6
Graph the equation by solving for y.
9y + (2 + 4

5 =0

+2

)x + (2 + 4

x)y + (3x + (4 2

y 20 = 0
y 20 = 0

)x 20) = 0

y=

y=

y=

ANSWER:

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 36

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


ANSWER:

36.COMMUNICATIONAsatellitedishtracksasatellitedirectlyoverhead.Supposey =

x models the shape of

the dish when it is oriented in this position. Later in the day, the dish is observed to have rotated approximately 30.
a. Write an equation that models the new orientation of the dish.
b. Use a graphing calculator to graph both equations on the same screen. Sketch this graph on your paper.

SOLUTION:
a. y =

x ,

=30

Find the equations for x and y.


x = xcos ysin
x=

y = xsin +ycos
y=

x+

Substitute into the original equation.


y

x+

y =

x+

y =

x+

y =

12x + 12

(x)
2

y = 3(x) 2
0 = 3(x)2 2

xy +

(y)

xy + (y)
2

xy + (y) 12x 12

b.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 37

12x + 12

y = 3(x) 2
0 = 3(x)2 2

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections

xy + (y)
2

xy + (y) 12x 12

b.

ANSWER:
a. 3(x)2 2
b.

xy + (y) 12x 12

y= 0

GRAPHING CALCULATOR Graph the conic given by each equation.

37.x2 2xy + y 2 5x 5y = 0
SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
x 2xy + y 5x 5y = 0
2
2
y + (2x 5)y + x 5x = 0
y=
y=
y=

ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 38

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


GRAPHING CALCULATOR Graph the conic given by each equation.

37.x2 2xy + y 2 5x 5y = 0
SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
x 2xy + y 5x 5y = 0
2
2
y + (2x 5)y + x 5x = 0
y=
y=
y=

ANSWER:

38.2x2 + 9xy + 14y 2 = 5


SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
2x + 9xy + 14y = 5
2
14y + (9x)y + 2x 5 = 0

y=
y=
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 39

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


38.2x2 + 9xy + 14y 2 = 5
SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
2x + 9xy + 14y = 5
2
14y + (9x)y + 2x 5 = 0

y=
y=

ANSWER:

39.8x2 + 5xy 4y 2 = 2
SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
8x + 5xy 4y = 2
2
2
4y + (5x)y + 8x + 2 = 0

y=
y=
y=

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 40

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


39.8x2 + 5xy 4y 2 = 2
SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
8x + 5xy 4y = 2
2
2
4y + (5x)y + 8x + 2 = 0

y=
y=
y=

ANSWER:

40.2x2 + 4

xy + 6y + 3x = y

SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2

2x + 4
2

6y + (4

=y

=0

xy + 6y + 3x

x 1)y + 2x + 3x

y=
y=
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

y=

Page 41

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


40.2x2 + 4

xy + 6y + 3x = y

SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2

2x + 4
2

6y + (4

=y

=0

x2

y = 12

xy + 6y + 3x

x 1)y + 2x + 3x

y=
y=
y=

ANSWER:

41.2x2 + 4xy + 2y 2 + 2
SOLUTION:

Graph the equation by solving for y.


2

2x + 4xy + 2y + 2
2

2y + (4x 2

x2

)y + 2x + 2

= 12

x + 12 = 0

y=
y = Manual - Powered by Cognero
eSolutions
y=

Page 42

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


41.2x2 + 4xy + 2y 2 + 2

x2

y = 12

SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2

2x + 4xy + 2y + 2
2

2y + (4x 2

x2

)y + 2x + 2

= 12

x + 12 = 0

y=
y=
y=

ANSWER:

42.9x2 + 4xy + 6y 2 = 20
SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
9x + 4xy + 6y = 20
2
2
6y + (4x)y + 9x 20 = 0

y=
y=
y=

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 43

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


42.9x2 + 4xy + 6y 2 = 20
SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
9x + 4xy + 6y = 20
2
2
6y + (4x)y + 9x 20 = 0

y=
y=
y=

ANSWER:

43.x2 + 10

xy + 11y 64 = 0

SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2

x + 10
2

11y + (10

2
xy + 11y 64 = 0
2
x)y + x 64 = 0

y=
y=

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 44

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


43.x2 + 10

xy + 11y 64 = 0

SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2

x + 10
2

11y + (10

2
xy + 11y 64 = 0
2
x)y + x 64 = 0

y=
y=

ANSWER:

44.x2 + y 2 4 = 0
SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
x +y 4 =0
2
2
y +x 4 =0
y=
y=
y=

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 45

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


44.x2 + y 2 4 = 0
SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
x +y 4 =0
2
2
y +x 4 =0
y=
y=
y=

ANSWER:

45.x2 2

xy y + 18 = 0

SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
x 2
xy y + 18 = 0
2

y (2

2
x)y + x + 18 = 0

y=
y=
y=

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 46

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


45.x2 2

xy y + 18 = 0

SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
x 2
xy y + 18 = 0
2

y (2

2
x)y + x + 18 = 0

y=
y=
y=

ANSWER:

46.2x2 + 9xy + 14y 2 5 = 0


SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
2x + 9xy + 14y 5 = 0
2
2
14y + (9x)y + 2x 5 = 0

y=
y=

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 47

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


46.2x2 + 9xy + 14y 2 5 = 0
SOLUTION:
Graph the equation by solving for y.
2
2
2x + 9xy + 14y 5 = 0
2
2
14y + (9x)y + 2x 5 = 0

y=
y=

ANSWER:

The graph of each equation is a degenerate case. Describe the graph.

47.y 2 16x2 = 0
SOLUTION:
2

y 16x

=0

y = 16x
y = 4x
The graph of the conic is equivalent to the graphs of y = 4x and y = 4x.

ANSWER:
intersecting lines y = 4x and y = 4x

48.(x + 4)2 (x 1)2 = y + 8


SOLUTION:
2
2
(x + 4) (x 1) = y + 8
2
2
x + 8x + 16 (x 2x + 1) = y + 8
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
10x + 15 = y + 8
10x + 7 = y
The graph of the conic is equivalent to the graph of the line y = 10x + 7.

Page 48

The graph of the conic is equivalent to the graphs of y = 4x and y = 4x.

ANSWER:

7-4 intersecting
Rotations
ofyConic
lines
= 4x andSections
y = 4x
48.(x + 4)2 (x 1)2 = y + 8
SOLUTION:
2
2
(x + 4) (x 1) = y + 8
2
2
x + 8x + 16 (x 2x + 1) = y + 8
10x + 15 = y + 8
10x + 7 = y
The graph of the conic is equivalent to the graph of the line y = 10x + 7.

ANSWER:
line y = 10x + 7

49.(x + 3)2 + y 2 + 6y + 9 6(x + y) = 18


SOLUTION:
2
2
(x + 3) + y + 6y + 9 6(x + y) = 18
2
2
x + 6x + 9 + y + 6y + 9 6x 6y = 18
2
2
x +y =0
The only possible point for the equation to be true is (0, 0), so the conic is represented by a point.

ANSWER:
point at (0, 0)
Match the graph of each conic with its equation.
2
2
a. x xy + y = 2
b. 145x2 + 120xy + 180y 2 900 = 0
2

c. 2x 72xy + 23y + 100x 50y = 0


d.16x2 24xy + 9y 2 5x 90y + 25 = 0

50.
SOLUTION:
This is the only parabola in the choices of graphs. Use the discriminate to find the related equation.
2

For 16x 24xy + 9y 5x 90y + 25 = 0, B 4AC = 576 576 = 0, so the graph is a parabola.
The correct answer is d.

ANSWER:
d

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

Page 49

For 16x 24xy + 9y 5x 90y + 25 = 0, B 4AC = 576 576 = 0, so the graph is a parabola.
The correct answer is d.

ANSWER:

7-4 dRotations of Conic Sections

51.
SOLUTION:
The only two ellipses are choices a and b. Therefore, the conic must be graphed.
2
2
145x + 120xy + 180y 900 = 0
2
2
180y + (120x)y + 145x 900 = 0

y=
y=
y=
y=

The correct answer is b.

ANSWER:
b

52.
SOLUTION:
The only two ellipses are choices a and b. Therefore, the conic must be graphed.
2
2
x xy + y = 2
2
y 2 + (x)y + x 2 = 0
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

y=

Page 50

The correct answer is b.

7-4 ANSWER:
Rotations of Conic Sections
b

52.
SOLUTION:
The only two ellipses are choices a and b. Therefore, the conic must be graphed.
2
2
x xy + y = 2
2
y 2 + (x)y + x 2 = 0

y=
y=

The correct answer is a.

ANSWER:
a

53.
SOLUTION:
This is the only hyperbola in the choices of graphs. Use the discriminate to find the related equation.
2
2
2
For 2x 72xy + 23y + 100x 50y = 0, B 4AC = 5184 184 > 0, so the graph is a hyperbola.
The correct answer is c.

ANSWER:
c

54.ROBOTICSAhyperbolicmirrorusedinroboticsystemsisattachedtotherobotsothatitisfacingtotheright.
After
it is rotated,
eSolutions
Manual
- Poweredtheshapeofitsnewpositionisrepresentedby51.75x
by Cognero
2

132.75y = 32,400.
a. Solve the equation for y.

184.5

xy Page 51

The correct answer is c.

ANSWER:

7-4 cRotations of Conic Sections


54.ROBOTICSAhyperbolicmirrorusedinroboticsystemsisattachedtotherobotsothatitisfacingtotheright.
2

After it is rotated, theshapeofitsnewpositionisrepresentedby51.75x 184.5

xy

132.75y = 32,400.
a. Solve the equation for y.
b. Use a graphing calculator to graph the equation.
c. Determine the angle through which the mirror has been rotated. Round to the nearest degree.

SOLUTION:
a.

b.

2
2
c. To find the angle of rotation, use Ax + Bxy + Cy + Dx + Ey + F = 0.
cot 2

cot 2

cot 2
tan 2
2

=1
=1
=45
=22.5

ANSWER:
a. y =
eSolutions
Manual - Powered by Cognero

b.

Page 52

=1
=45
=22.5

tan 2
2

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


ANSWER:
a. y =

b.

c. 22.5

55.INVARIANTS When a rotation transforms an equation from the xyplane to the xyplane, the new equation is
equivalent to the original equation. Some values are invariant under the rotation, meaning their values do not change
when the axes are rotated. Use reasoning to explain how each of the following are rotation invariants.
a. F = F
b. A + C = A + C
2
2
c. B 4AC = (B) 4(AC)

SOLUTION:
2

a. Ax + Bxy + Cy + Dx + Ey + F = 0 is equivalent to A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') + D'x' + E'y' + F' = 0 by rotating the
conic section through

suchthatcot2

. F is unaffected by this rotation, so F = F.

b. Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy + Dx + Ey + F = A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') + D'x' + E'y' + F';


by subtracting out the xy, x, y, and F terms, the remaining statement is true.
2
2
2
Ax2 + Cy = A'(x') + C'(y') ;
A must equal AandB must equal Binorderforthestatementtobetrue.

c. Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy + Dx + Ey + F = A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') + D'x' + E'y' + F';


by subtracting out the x, y, and F terms, the remaining statement is true.
2
2
2
Ax2 + Bxy + Cy = A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') ;
A must equal A,B must equal B, and C must equal Cinorderforthestatementtobetrue.
2

Therefore, B 4AC = (B) 4(AC);

ANSWER:
2

a. Ax + Bxy + Cy + Dx + Ey + F = 0 is equivalent to A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') + D'x' + E'y' + F' = 0 by rotating the
conic section through

suchthatcot2

. F is unaffected by this rotation, so F = F.

b. Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = A'(x')2 + B'x'y' + C'(y')2 + D'x' + E'y' + F';


by subtracting out the xy, x, y, and F terms, the remaining statement is true.
2

Ax2 + Cy = A'(x') + C'(y') ;


A must equal AandB must equal Binorderforthestatementtobetrue.

c. Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = A'(x')2 + B'x'y' + C'(y')2 + D'x' + E'y' + F';


by subtracting out the x, y, and F terms, the remaining statement is true.
2

Ax Manual
+ Bxy -+Powered
Cy = by
A'(x')
+ B'x'y'
eSolutions
Cognero

+ C'(y') ;
A must equal A,B must equal B, and C must equal Cinorderforthestatementtobetrue.
2

Therefore, B 4AC = (B) 4(AC);

Page 53

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


c. 22.5

55.INVARIANTS When a rotation transforms an equation from the xyplane to the xyplane, the new equation is
equivalent to the original equation. Some values are invariant under the rotation, meaning their values do not change
when the axes are rotated. Use reasoning to explain how each of the following are rotation invariants.
a. F = F
b. A + C = A + C
2
2
c. B 4AC = (B) 4(AC)

SOLUTION:
2

a. Ax + Bxy + Cy + Dx + Ey + F = 0 is equivalent to A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') + D'x' + E'y' + F' = 0 by rotating the
conic section through

suchthatcot2

. F is unaffected by this rotation, so F = F.

b. Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy + Dx + Ey + F = A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') + D'x' + E'y' + F';


by subtracting out the xy, x, y, and F terms, the remaining statement is true.
2
2
2
Ax2 + Cy = A'(x') + C'(y') ;
A must equal AandB must equal Binorderforthestatementtobetrue.

c. Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy + Dx + Ey + F = A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') + D'x' + E'y' + F';


by subtracting out the x, y, and F terms, the remaining statement is true.
2
2
2
Ax2 + Bxy + Cy = A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') ;
A must equal A,B must equal B, and C must equal Cinorderforthestatementtobetrue.
2

Therefore, B 4AC = (B) 4(AC);

ANSWER:
2

a. Ax + Bxy + Cy + Dx + Ey + F = 0 is equivalent to A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') + D'x' + E'y' + F' = 0 by rotating the
conic section through

suchthatcot2

. F is unaffected by this rotation, so F = F.

b. Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = A'(x')2 + B'x'y' + C'(y')2 + D'x' + E'y' + F';


by subtracting out the xy, x, y, and F terms, the remaining statement is true.
2

Ax2 + Cy = A'(x') + C'(y') ;


A must equal AandB must equal Binorderforthestatementtobetrue.

c. Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = A'(x')2 + B'x'y' + C'(y')2 + D'x' + E'y' + F';


by subtracting out the x, y, and F terms, the remaining statement is true.
2

Ax2 + Bxy + Cy = A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') ;


A must equal A,B must equal B, and C must equal Cinorderforthestatementtobetrue.
2

Therefore, B 4AC = (B) 4(AC);


GRAPHING CALCULATORGrapheachpairofequationsandfindanypointsofintersection.Ifthe
graphs have no points of intersection, write no solution.

56.x2 + 2xy + y 2 8x y = 0
2

8x + 3xy 5y = 15

SOLUTION:
For each equation, solve for y and use the quadratic formula. Then graph using a graphing calculator.
2
2
x -+Powered
2xy + yby Cognero
8x y = 0
eSolutions Manual
2
y 2 + (2x 1)y + x 8x = 0

Page 54

by subtracting out the x, y, and F terms, the remaining statement is true.


2

Ax2 + Bxy + Cy = A'(x') + B'x'y' + C'(y') ;


A must equal A,B must equal B, and C must equal Cinorderforthestatementtobetrue.

7-4 Rotations2 of Conic 2Sections


Therefore, B 4AC = (B) 4(AC);

GRAPHING CALCULATORGrapheachpairofequationsandfindanypointsofintersection.Ifthe
graphs have no points of intersection, write no solution.

56.x2 + 2xy + y 2 8x y = 0
2

8x + 3xy 5y = 15

SOLUTION:
For each equation, solve for y and use the quadratic formula. Then graph using a graphing calculator.
2
2
x + 2xy + y 8x y = 0
2
y 2 + (2x 1)y + x 8x = 0
y=
y=
y=
2

8x + 3xy 5y

= 15

2
2
5y + (3x)y + 8x 15 = 0

y=
y=
y=

The graphs intersect at one point: (1.9, 2.3).

ANSWER:

(1.9, 2.3)

57.9x2 + 4xy + 5y 2 40 = 0
2

x xy 2y x y + 2 = 0
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

SOLUTION:

For each equation, solve for y and use the quadratic formula. Then graph using a graphing calculator.
2

Page 55

7-4 (1.9,
Rotations
of Conic Sections
2.3)
57.9x2 + 4xy + 5y 2 40 = 0
2

x xy 2y x y + 2 = 0

SOLUTION:
For each equation, solve for y and use the quadratic formula. Then graph using a graphing calculator.
2
2
9x + 4xy + 5y 40 = 0
2
2
5y + 4x(y) + (9x 40) = 0

y=
y=
2
x2 xy 2y x y + 2 = 0
2
2
2y + ( x 1)y + (x x + 2) = 0

y=
y=

The graphs intersect at four points: (1.9, 2.2), (1.5, 1.5), (1.9, 2.2), (1.9, 0.8).

ANSWER:

(1.9, 2.2), (1.5, 1.5), (1.9, 2.2), (1.9, 0.8)

58.x2+

xy 3 = 0

16x 20xy + 9y = 40

SOLUTION:
For each equation, solve for y and use the quadratic formula. Then graph using a graphing calculator.
x2 +
xy 3 = 0

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

xy

=3x

Page 56

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections

(1.9, 2.2), (1.5, 1.5), (1.9, 2.2), (1.9, 0.8)

58.x2+

xy 3 = 0

16x 20xy + 9y = 40

SOLUTION:
For each equation, solve for y and use the quadratic formula. Then graph using a graphing calculator.
x2 +
xy 3 = 0
xy
y

=3x

2
2
16x 20xy + 9y = 40
2
2
9y + (20x)y + 16x 40 = 0

y=
y=
y=

The graphs intersect at four points: (1.6, 0.1), (0.6, 2.7), (0.6, 2.7), (1.6, 0.1).

ANSWER:

(1.6, 0.1), (0.6, 2.7), (0.6, 2.7), (1.6, 0.1)

59.MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this problem, you will investigate angles of rotation that produce the
original graphs.
a. TABULARForeachequationinthetable,identifytheconicandfindtheminimumangleofrotationneededto
transform the equation so that the rotated graph coincides with its original graph.

Minimum
Equation
Conic
Angle of
Rotation
2

x 5x + 3 y = 0
2

+ 10yby Cognero
= 15
eSolutions Manual -6x
Powered
2xy = 9

Page 57

Minimum
Angle of
Rotation

Equation

Conic

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


2

x 5x + 3 y = 0
2

6x + 10y = 15
2xy = 9

b. VERBALDescribetherelationshipbetweenthelinesofsymmetryoftheconicsandtheminimumanglesof
rotation needed to produce the original graphs.
c. ANALYTICALAnoncircularellipseisrotated50 about the origin. It is then rotated again so that the original
graph is produced. What is the second angle of rotation?

SOLUTION:
a.
Equation
2

x 5x + 3 y = 0
2

6x + 10 y = 15
2xy = 9

Graph
parabola

Minimum
Angle of
Rotation
360

ellipse

180

hyperbola

180

The first conic is a parabola because B 4AC = 0. Parabolas can be rotated 360 degrees without repeating the
images.
2
The second conic is an ellipse because B 4AC < 0 and AC. When ellipses are rotated 180 degrees, they are
flipped over and the new image is identical to the old image.
2

The third conic is a hyperbola because B 4AC > 0. When hyperbolas are rotated 180 degrees, they are flipped
over and the new image is identical to the old image.

b. Sample answer: A parabola has 1 line of symmetry and the minimum angle of rotation is a complete circle. An
ellipse and a hyperbola have 2 lines of symmetry and the minimum angle of rotation is a half circle.
c. The ellipse needs to be rotated 180 degrees to reach its initial position. It has already been rotated 50 degrees, so it
only needs to be rotated 180 50 or 130 more degrees.

ANSWER:
a.

Equation
2

x 5x + 3 y = 0
2

6x + 10 y = 15
2xy = 9

Graph
parabola
ellipse

Minimum
Angle of
Rotation
360
180

hyperbola
180

b. Sample answer: A parabola has 1 line of symmetry and the minimum angle of rotation is a complete circle. An
ellipse and a hyperbola have 2 lines of symmetry and the minimum angle of rotation is a half circle.
c.130

60.ERROR ANALYSIS Leon and Dario are describing the graph of x2 + 4xy + 6y 2 + 3x 4y = 75. Leon says that it
is an ellipse. Dario thinks it is a parabola. Is either of them correct? Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:
2

Leon; B 4AC = 4 4(1)(6) < 0 and A C.

ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual
2 - Powered by2 Cognero

Page 58

Leon; B 4AC = 4 4(1)(6) < 0 and A C.

61.CHALLENGE Show that a circle with the equation x2 + y 2 = r2 remains unchanged under any rotation

7-4

2xy = 9
hyperbola
180

b. Sample answer: A parabola has 1 line of symmetry and the minimum angle of rotation is a complete circle. An
ellipse
and a hyperbola
haveSections
2 lines of symmetry and the minimum angle of rotation is a half circle.
Rotations
of Conic
c.130

60.ERROR ANALYSIS Leon and Dario are describing the graph of x2 + 4xy + 6y 2 + 3x 4y = 75. Leon says that it
is an ellipse. Dario thinks it is a parabola. Is either of them correct? Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:
2

Leon; B 4AC = 4 4(1)(6) < 0 and A C.

ANSWER:
2

Leon; B 4AC = 4 4(1)(6) < 0 and A C.

61.CHALLENGE Show that a circle with the equation x2 + y 2 = r2 remains unchanged under any rotation

SOLUTION:
Let x = xcos +ysin andy = xsin +ycos
r2 = x 2 + y 2
2
2

= (xcos +ysin ) + (xsin +ycos )


2
2
2 2
2

= (x) cos
+2xycos sin +(y) sin
+(x)sin
2

2xycos sin +(y)

cos
2
2
2
= [(x) + (y) ]cos
2

= [(x) + (y) ](cos


2
2
= [(x) + (y) ](1)
2

+[(x) + (y) ]sin


+sin

= (x) + (y)

ANSWER:
Let x = xcos +ysin andy = xsin +ycos
2
2
r2
=x +y
2
2

= (xcos +ysin ) + (xsin +ycos )


2
2
2 2
2

= (x) cos
+2xycos sin +(y) sin
+(x)sin
2

2xycos sin +(y)

cos
2
2
2
= [(x) + (y) ]cos
2

= [(x) + (y) ](cos


2
2
= [(x) + (y) ](1)
2

+[(x) + (y) ]sin


+sin

= (x) + (y)

62.REASONINGTrue or false : Every angle of rotation

canbedescribedasanacuteangle.Explain.

SOLUTION:
TrueSampleanswer:Theaxeshaverotationalsymmetryof90.Anyrotationoftheaxesgreaterthan90will
rotatetheaxesontoitselfforevery90.Thefinalrotationalangle willbetheremaininganglemeasureafter
multiplesof90havebeensubtractedoutoftheoriginalangle.

ANSWER:
TrueSampleanswer:Theaxeshaverotationalsymmetryof90.Anyrotationoftheaxesgreaterthan90will
rotatetheaxesontoitselfforevery90.Thefinalrotationalangle willbetheremaininganglemeasureafter
multiplesof90havebeensubtractedoutoftheoriginalangle.

63.PROOF Prove x=x cos


eSolutions
Manual=- x
Powered
by Cognero
andy
sin +
y cos

SOLUTION:

+y sin andy=y cos x sin . (Hint: Solve the system x = x cos


bymultiplyingoneequationbysin andtheotherbycos .)

y sin
Page 59

ANSWER:

7-4

TrueSampleanswer:Theaxeshaverotationalsymmetryof90.Anyrotationoftheaxesgreaterthan90will
rotatetheaxesontoitselfforevery90.Thefinalrotationalangle willbetheremaininganglemeasureafter
multiplesof90havebeensubtractedoutoftheoriginalangle.
Rotations of Conic Sections

63.PROOF Prove x=x cos


andy = x sin

+y sin andy=y cos x sin . (Hint: Solve the system x = x cos


+ y cos bymultiplyingoneequationbysin andtheotherbycos .)

y sin

SOLUTION:
cos
sin

(x
(y

= xcos ysin )
= xsin +ycos )

x cos
+y sin
x cos
x cos

+y sin
+y sin

x cos

+y sin

=xcos

= + xsin
2
= xcos

ysin cos
+ysin cos
2
+xsin
2

+sin

= x(cos
= x

= xcos ysin
sin (x) = sin (xcos ysin )
2
x sin
= xcos sin ysin

= xsin +ycos
cos (y) = cos (xsin +ycos )
2
y cos
= xcos sin +ycos

x sin
y cos
x sin
x sin

y cos
y cos

y cos

x sin

=xcos sin ysin

2
2

= xcos sin +ycos


2
2
= ysin
ycos
2

= y(sin
= y

+cos

ANSWER:
cos
sin

(x
(y

= xcos ysin )
= xsin +ycos )

x cos
+y sin
x cos
x cos

+y sin
+y sin

x cos

+y sin

=xcos

= + xsin
2
= xcos

= x(cos
= x

ysin cos
+ysin cos
2
+xsin
2

+sin

= xcos ysin
sin (x) = sin (xcos ysin )
2
x sin
= xcos sin ysin

= xsin +ycos
cos (y) = cos (xsin +ycos )
2
y cos
= xcos sin +ycos
eSolutions
Manual - Powered by Cognero

x sin
y cos

Page 60

=xcos sin ysin

2
2

= xcos sin +ycos

sin (x) = sin (xcos ysin )


2
x sin
= xcos sin ysin

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


y = xsin

+ycos
(xsin +ycos )

cos (y) = cos


2
y cos
= xcos sin +ycos

x sin
y cos
x sin
x sin

y cos
y cos

y cos

x sin

=xcos sin ysin

2
2

= xcos sin +ycos


2
2
= ysin
ycos
2

= y(sin
= y

64.REASONING The angle of rotation

+cos

canalsobedefinedastan2

, when AC, or

, when A

= C. Why does defining the angle of rotation in terms of cotangent not require an extra condition with an additional
value for ?

SOLUTION:
writtenintermsoftangenthas0inthedenominatorandis

Sample answer: When A = C, the expression for


undefined. However, there is still a rotation of
in terms of cotangent is cot 2
is no reason to find a value for

. Thus, there is an extra condition. The angle of rotation

written

. The only way this expression is undefined is if B = 0. If B = 0, then there

becausethereisnorotationnecessary.

ANSWER:
writtenintermsoftangenthas0inthedenominatorandis

Sample answer: When A = C, the expression for


undefined. However, there is still a rotation of
in terms of cotangent is cot 2
is no reason to find a value for

. Thus, there is an extra condition. The angle of rotation

written

. The only way this expression is undefined is if B = 0. If B = 0, then there

becausethereisnorotationnecessary.

65.Writing in Math The discriminant can be used to classify a conic A(x)2 + C(y)2 + Dx+Ey+F = 0 in the xyplane. Explain why the values of AandCdeterminethetypeofconic.Describetheparametersnecessaryforan
ellipse, a circle, a parabola, and a hyperbola.

SOLUTION:
2

Sample answer: The discriminant is defined as B 4AC, or in this instance, (B) 4AC.Sinceaconicthatis
rotated has no Bterm,thediscriminantreducesto4AC.Thus,onlytheAandCtermsdeterminethetypeof
conic. Therefore, 4AC<0wouldbeanellipseoracircle,4AC=0wouldbeaparabola,and4AC>0would
be a hyperbola. For a circle or an ellipse, AandCneedtosharethesamesign.Foraparabola,eitherAorChas
to be equal to 0. For a hyperbola, AandCneedtohaveoppositesigns.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: The discriminant is defined as B 4AC, or in this instance, (B) 4AC.Sinceaconicthatis
rotated has no Bterm,thediscriminantreducesto4AC.Thus,onlytheAandCtermsdeterminethetypeof
conic. Therefore, 4AC<0wouldbeanellipseoracircle,4AC=0wouldbeaparabola,and4AC>0would
be a hyperbola. For a circle or an ellipse, AandCneedtosharethesamesign.Foraparabola,eitherAorChas
to be equal to 0. For a hyperbola, AandCneedtohaveoppositesigns.

66.REASONING True or false :WheneverthediscriminantofanequationoftheformAx 2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx Page


+ Ey61

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+ F = 0 is equal to zero, the graph of the equation is a parabola. Explain.

SOLUTION:

7-4

Sample answer: The discriminant is defined as B 4AC, or in this instance, (B) 4AC.Sinceaconicthatis
rotated has no Bterm,thediscriminantreducesto4AC.Thus,onlytheAandCtermsdeterminethetypeof
conic. Therefore, 4AC<0wouldbeanellipseoracircle,4AC=0wouldbeaparabola,and4AC>0would
be
a hyperbola.of
For
a circleSections
or an ellipse, AandCneedtosharethesamesign.Foraparabola,eitherAorChas
Rotations
Conic
to be equal to 0. For a hyperbola, AandCneedtohaveoppositesigns.

66.REASONING True or false :WheneverthediscriminantofanequationoftheformAx 2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey


+ F = 0 is equal to zero, the graph of the equation is a parabola. Explain.

SOLUTION:
False; Sample answer: The equation may result in a pair of intersecting lines, a single line, a set of parallel lines or a
single point.

ANSWER:
False; Sample answer: The equation may result in a pair of intersecting lines, a single line, a set of parallel lines or a
single point.
Graph the hyperbola given by each equation.

67.

=1

SOLUTION:

=1
2

The equation is in standard form, and h and k both equal zero. Because a = 9 and b = 64, a = 3 and b = 8. The
values of a and b can be used to find c.
2

c =a +b
c2 = 9 + 64

c=
8.54

Use h, k, a, b, and c to determine the characteristics of the hyperbola.

orientation: In the standard form of the equation, the yterm is being subtracted. Therefore, the orientation of the
hyperbola is horizontal.
center: (h, k) = (0, 0)
vertices: (h a, k) = (3, 0) and (3, 0)
foci: (h c, k) = (8.54, 0) and (8.54, 0)
asymptotes: y k =

(x h)

Make a table of values to sketch the hyperbola.

ANSWER:

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Page 62

single point.

ANSWER:
Sample of
answer:
TheSections
equation may result in a pair of intersecting lines, a single line, a set of parallel lines or a
7-4 False;
Rotations
Conic
single point.

Graph the hyperbola given by each equation.

67.

=1

SOLUTION:

=1
2

The equation is in standard form, and h and k both equal zero. Because a = 9 and b = 64, a = 3 and b = 8. The
values of a and b can be used to find c.
2

c =a +b
c2 = 9 + 64

c=
8.54

Use h, k, a, b, and c to determine the characteristics of the hyperbola.

orientation: In the standard form of the equation, the yterm is being subtracted. Therefore, the orientation of the
hyperbola is horizontal.
center: (h, k) = (0, 0)
vertices: (h a, k) = (3, 0) and (3, 0)
foci: (h c, k) = (8.54, 0) and (8.54, 0)
asymptotes: y k =

(x h)

Make a table of values to sketch the hyperbola.

ANSWER:

68.

=1

SOLUTION:
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=1

Page 63

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


68.

=1

SOLUTION:

=1
2

The equation is in standard form, and h and k both equal zero. Because a = 25 and b = 49, a = 5 and b = 7. The
values of a and b can be used to find c.
2

c =a +b
c2 = 25 + 49

c=
8.6

Use h, k, a, b, and c to determine the characteristics of the hyperbola.

orientation: In the standard form of the equation, the xterm is being subtracted. Therefore, the orientation of the
hyperbola is vertical.
center: (h, k) = (0, 0)
vertices: (h, k a) = (0, 5) and (0, 5)
foci: (h, k c) = (0, 8.6) and (0, 8.6)
asymptotes: y k =

(x h)

Make a table of values to sketch the hyperbola.

ANSWER:

69.

=1

SOLUTION:

=1

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Page 64
The equation is in standard form, and h = 3 and k = 7. Because a = 64 and b = 25, a = 8 and b = 5. The values
of
a and b can be used to find c.

c =a +b

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


69.

=1

SOLUTION:

=1
2

The equation is in standard form, and h = 3 and k = 7. Because a = 64 and b = 25, a = 8 and b = 5. The values of
a and b can be used to find c.
2

c =a +b
c2 = 64 + 25

c=
9.4

Use h, k, a, b, and c to determine the characteristics of the hyperbola.

orientation: In the standard form of the equation, the yterm is being subtracted. Therefore, the orientation of the
hyperbola is horizontal.
center: (h, k) = (3, 7)
vertices: (h a, k) = (11, 7) and (5, 7)
foci: (h c, k) = (12.4, 7) and (6.4, 7)
asymptotes: y k =

(x h)

Make a table of values to sketch the hyperbola.

ANSWER:

Determine the eccentricity of the ellipse given by each equation

70.

=1

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SOLUTION:

Page 65

7-4 Rotations of Conic Sections


Determine the eccentricity of the ellipse given by each equation

70.

=1

SOLUTION:
The ellipse is in standard form. So, a =

First, determine the value of c.


2

andb =

.Therefore,a = 39 and b = 30

c =a b
2
c = 39 30 or 9
a=
c=
or3

Use the values of a and c to find the eccentricity of the ellipse.


e=

0.480

ANSWER:
0.480

71.

=1

SOLUTION:
The ellipse is in standard form. So, a =

First, determine the value of c.


2
2
2
c =a b

andb =

.Therefore,a = 15 and b = 12

c = 15 12 or 3
a=
c=

Use the values of a and c to find the eccentricity of the ellipse.


e=

0.447

ANSWER:
0.447

72.

=1

SOLUTION:
The ellipse is in standard form. So, a =

First, determine the value of c.


2

.Therefore,a = 29 and b = 24

c =a b
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2 Manual - Powered by Cognero
c = 29 24 or 5
a=

andb =

Page 66

e=

0.447

7-4 ANSWER:
Rotations of Conic Sections
0.447

72.

=1

SOLUTION:
The ellipse is in standard form. So, a =

First, determine the value of c.


2

andb =

.Therefore,a = 29 and b = 24

c =a b
2
c = 29 24 or 5
a=
c=

Use the values of a and c to find the eccentricity of the ellipse.


e=

0.415

ANSWER:
0.415

73.INVESTING Randall has a total of $5000 in his savings account and in a certificate of deposit. His savings
account earns 3.5% interest annually. The certificate of deposit pays 5% interest annually if the money is invested
for one year. Randall calculates that his interest earnings for the year will be $227.50.
a. Write a system of equations for the amount of money in each investment.
b. Use Cramers Rule to determine how much money is in Randalls savings account and in the certificate of
deposit.

SOLUTION:
a. Let s = the amount of money in the savings account and let d = the amount of money in the certificate of deposit.
There is a total of $5000 in these accounts, so s + d = 5000. The interest earned on the savings account is 3.5% and
on the certificate of deposit is 5%, so 0.035s + 0.05d = 227.50

b. Solve the system of equations.


s + d = 5000
s = 5000 d
0.035(5000 d) + 0.05d = 227.50
175 0.035d + 0.05d = 227.50
0.015d = 52.50
d = 3500
s + 3500 = 5000
s = 1500

ANSWER:
a. s + d = 5000, 0.035s + 0.05d = 227.50
b. savings account: $1500; certificate of deposit: $3500

74.OPTICS The amount of light that a source provides to a surface is called the illuminance. The illuminance E in
foot candles on a surface that is R feet from a source of light with intensity I candelas is E =

, where

is

the measure of the angle between the direction of the light and a line perpendicular to the surface being illuminated.
Verify that E =

isanequivalentformula.

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SOLUTION:

Page 67

= 1500

ANSWER:
s + d = 5000,of0.035s
+ 0.05d
= 227.50
7-4 a.
Rotations
Conic
Sections

b. savings account: $1500; certificate of deposit: $3500

74.OPTICS The amount of light that a source provides to a surface is called the illuminance. The illuminance E in
foot candles on a surface that is R feet from a source of light with intensity I candelas is E =

, where

is

the measure of the angle between the direction of the light and a line perpendicular to the surface being illuminated.
isanequivalentformula.

Verify that E =

SOLUTION:
=

ANSWER:
=

Solve each equation.

75.log4 8n + log4 (n 1) = 2
SOLUTION:
log4 8n + log4 (n 1) = 2
log4 (8n)(n 1) = 2
2

log4 8n 8n

=2
2

8n 8n

=4
= 16

8n 8n 16 = 0
2
n n 2 =0
(n 2)(n + 1) = 0
n = 2 or 1. Substituting the solutions back into the equation shows that 1 is not a valid solution because log4 (2)
does not exist. Therefore, 2 is the only valid solution.
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ANSWER:
2

Page 68

7-4 Rotations of Conic


Sections
=

Solve each equation.

75.log4 8n + log4 (n 1) = 2
SOLUTION:
log4 8n + log4 (n 1) = 2
log4 (8n)(n 1) = 2
2

log4 8n 8n

=2
2

=4
= 16

8n 8n
2

8n 8n 16 = 0
2
n n 2 =0
(n 2)(n + 1) = 0
n = 2 or 1. Substituting the solutions back into the equation shows that 1 is not a valid solution because log4 (2)
does not exist. Therefore, 2 is the only valid solution.

ANSWER:
2

76.log9 9p + log9 (p + 8) = 2
SOLUTION:
log9 9p + log9 (p + 8) = 2
log9 9p + log9 (p + 8) = 2
log9 [9p (p + 8)] = 2
2

log9 (9p + 72p ) = 2


2

=9
= 81

9p + 72p
2

9p + 72p 81 = 0
2
p + 8p 9 = 0
(p + 9)(p 1) = 0
p = 9 or 1. Substituting the solutions back into the equation shows that 9 is not a valid solution because log9 (1)
does not exist. Therefore, 1 is the only valid solution.

ANSWER:
1
Use the Factor Theorem to determine if the binomials given are factors of f (x). Use the binomials that
are factors to write a factored form of f (x).

77.f (x) = x4 x3 16x2 + 4x + 48; (x 4), (x 2)


SOLUTION:
Use synthetic division to test each factor, (x 4) and (x 2).

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Page 69

Because the remainder when f (x) is divided by (x 4) is 0, (x 4) is a factor. Test the second factor, (x 2), with
3

the depressed polynomial x + 3x 4x 12.

p = 9 or 1. Substituting the solutions back into the equation shows that 9 is not a valid solution because log9 (1)
does not exist. Therefore, 1 is the only valid solution.

7-4 ANSWER:
Rotations of Conic Sections
1

Use the Factor Theorem to determine if the binomials given are factors of f (x). Use the binomials that
are factors to write a factored form of f (x).

77.f (x) = x4 x3 16x2 + 4x + 48; (x 4), (x 2)


SOLUTION:
Use synthetic division to test each factor, (x 4) and (x 2).

Because the remainder when f (x) is divided by (x 4) is 0, (x 4) is a factor. Test the second factor, (x 2), with
3

the depressed polynomial x + 3x 4x 12.

Because the remainder when the depressed polynomial is divided by (x 2) is 0, (x 2) is a factor of f (x).
Because (x 4) and (x 2) are factors of f (x), we can use the final quotient to write a factored form of f (x) as f (x)
2
= (x 4)(x 2)(x + 5x + 6). Factoring the quadratic expression yields f (x) = (x 4)(x 2)(x + 2)(x + 3).

ANSWER:
yes, yes; (x 4)(x 2)(x + 2)(x + 3)

78.f (x) = 2x4 + 9x3 23x2 81x + 45; (x + 5), (x + 3)


SOLUTION:
4

f(x) = 2x + 9x 23x 81x + 45


Use synthetic division to test each factor, (x + 5) and (x + 3).

Because the remainder when f (x) is divided by (x + 5) is 0, (x + 5) is a factor. Test the second factor, (x + 3), with
3

the depressed polynomial 2x x 18x + 9.

Because the remainder when the depressed polynomial is divided by (x + 3) is 0, (x + 3) is a factor of f (x).
Because (x + 5) and (x + 3) are factors of f (x), we can use the final quotient to write a factored form of f (x) as f (x)
2
= (x + 5)(x + 3)(2x 7x + 3). Factoring the quadratic expression yields f (x) = (x + 5)(x + 3)(x 3)(2x 1).

ANSWER:
yes, yes; (x + 5)(x + 3)(x 3)(2x 1)

79.SAT/ACT P is the center of the circle and PQ = QR. If rPQR has an area of 9

square units, what is the area

of the shaded region in square units?


A 24 9
B 9 9
C 18 9

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D 6 9
E 12 9

Page 70

Because (x + 5) and (x + 3) are factors of f (x), we can use the final quotient to write a factored form of f (x) as f (x)
2
= (x + 5)(x + 3)(2x 7x + 3). Factoring the quadratic expression yields f (x) = (x + 5)(x + 3)(x 3)(2x 1).

7-4 ANSWER:
Rotations of Conic Sections
yes, yes; (x + 5)(x + 3)(x 3)(2x 1)

79.SAT/ACT P is the center of the circle and PQ = QR. If rPQR has an area of 9

square units, what is the area

of the shaded region in square units?


A 24 9
B 9 9
C 18 9
D 6 9
E 12 9

SOLUTION:
PQ = PR because they are both radii. Since PQ also equals QR, the triangle is equilateral and the angle of the sector
is60.
Let r equal the radius of the circle and the base of the triangle.

Using special triangles, the altitude of the triangle is

Use the area of the triangle to find r.


A
9

bh

36 = r2
6 =r

Sincetheangleofthesectoris60,theareaofthesectoris
The area of the shaded region is 6 9

r =

(6) = 6.

ANSWER:
D

80.REVIEW Which is NOT the equation of a parabola?


F y = 2x2 + 4x 9
2
G 3xManual
+ 2y - Powered
+ y + 1 by
= 0Cognero
eSolutions
2
2
H x + 2y + 8y = 8
J

Page 71

The area of the shaded region is 6 9

7-4 ANSWER:
Rotations of Conic Sections
D

80.REVIEW Which is NOT the equation of a parabola?


F y = 2x2 + 4x 9
2
G 3x + 2y + y + 1 = 0
H x2 + 2y 2 + 8y = 8
Jx=

(y 1) + 5

SOLUTION:
2

Choice H is the only choice with both an x term and a y term.

ANSWER:
H

81.Which is the graph of the conic given by 4x2 2xy + 8y 2 7 = 0?

SOLUTION:
2

4x 2xy + 8y 7 = 0
2
B 4AC = 60 which is less than 0, and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.Alloftheotheroptionsareeliminated.
The correct choice is A.

ANSWER:
A

82.REVIEW How many solutions does the system

=1 and (x 3) + y = 9 have?

F 0
G1
H 2
J 4

SOLUTION:
Graph both equations.

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Page 72

B 4AC = 60 which is less than 0, and B0,sotheconicisanellipse.Alloftheotheroptionsareeliminated.


The correct choice is A.

7-4 ANSWER:
Rotations of Conic Sections
A

82.REVIEW How many solutions does the system

=1 and (x 3) + y = 9 have?

F 0
G1
H 2
J 4

SOLUTION:
Graph both equations.

The graphs intersect at 2 points, so there are 2 solutions to the system.

ANSWER:
H

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