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Functions:

An equation will be a function if for any x in the domain of the equation (the domain is
all the xs that can be plugged into the equation) the equation will yield exactly one
value of y .
Example 1 : Determine if each of the following are functions.

Solution
(a) This first one is a function. Given an x, there is only one way to square it and then
add 1 to the result. So, no matter what value of x you put into the equation ,
there is only one possible value of y .
(b)The only difference between this equation and the first is that we moved the
exponent off the x and onto the y . This small change is all that is required, in this
case, to change the equation from a function to something that isnt a function.
Function notation
Function notation is nothing more than a fancy way of writing the y in a function that
will allow us to simplify notation and some of our work a little. Lets take a look at the
following function,

Using function notation we can write this as any of the following.


f(x)

h(x)

g(x)

Using function notation we represent the value of the function at x=- 3 as f( - 3) .

All throughout a calculus course we will be finding roots of functions. A root of a function
is nothing more than a number for which the function is zero. In other words, finding the
roots of a
function, g(x), is equivalent to solving
.
INVERSE OF A FUNCTION:
A function is called one- to -one if no two values of x produce the same y .
Mathematically this is
the same as saying,

Given two one-to -one functions fx ( ) and gx ( ) if:

then we say that ( ) fx and ( ) gx are inverses of each other. More specifically we will
say that
( ) gx is the inverse of ( ) fx and denote it by

Fourier series and science:


Mathematics is after all only a concise shorthand description of the world and if a
position finding calculation based, say, on trigonometry and stellar observations, gives
two results, equally valid, that you are either in Greenland or Barbados, you are entitled
to discard one of the solutions if it is snowing outside. So we use Fourier transforms as a
guide to what is happening or what to do next, but we remember that for solving
practical problems the blackboard-and-chalk diagram, the computer screen and the
simple theorems described here are to be preferred to the precise tedious calculations of
integrals.
Ninety percent of all physics is concerned with vibrations and waves of one sort or
another. The same basic thread runs through most branches of physical science, from
acoustics through engineering, fluid mechanics, optics, electro-magnetic theory and Xrays to quantum mechanics and information theory. It is closely bound to the idea of a
signal and its spectrum.

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