CHAPTER-1

(1.1) INTRODUCTION TO HRM

Human Resource Management is an art of managing people at work in such

a manner that they give their best to the organization. In simple word human resource
management refers to the quantitative aspects of employees working in an organization.
Human Resource Management is also a management function concerned with hiring,
motivating, and maintains people in an organization. It focuses on people in organization.
Organizations are not mere bricks, mortar, machineries or inventories. They are
people. It is the staff who manages organizations.
HRM involves the application of management functions and principles. The functions
and principles are applied to acquisitioning, developing, maintain, and remunerating employees
in organizations.
Decisions relating to employees must be integrated. Decision on different aspect of
employees must be consistent with other human resource decisions.
Decision made must influence the effectiveness of organization. Effectiveness of an
organization must result in betterment of services to customers in the form of high-quality
product supplied at reasonable costs.
HRM function s is not confined to business establishment only. They are applicable to
non-business organizations, too such as education, health care, recreation etc.
The scope of HRM is indeed vast. All major activities in the working life of his or her
entry into an organization until he or she leaves-come under the previews of HRM.specifically,
the activities included are HR planning, job analysis and be sign, recruitment and selection,
orientation and placement, training and development, performance appraisal and job evaluation,
employee and executive remuneration, motivation and communication, welfare, safety and
health, industrial relations and the like.
HRM is a broad concept Personnel management and human resource development is
a part of HRM.
Human resource management plays an important role in the development
process of modern economy. In fact it is said that all the development comes from the
human mind.

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 Human Resource Management is a process of producing development, maintaining and

controlling human resources for effective achievement of organization goals.

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(1.2) INTRODUCTION TO STRESS

A lot of research has been conducted into stress over the last hundred years. Some of
the theories behind it are now settled and accepted; others are still being researched and debated.
During this time, there seems to have been something approaching open warfare between
competing theories and definitions: Views have been passionately held and aggressively
defended.
What complicates this is that intuitively we all feel that we know what stress is, as it
is something we have all experienced.
Definition:
Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in 1956 was
that stress is not necessarily something bad it all depends on how you take it. The stress of
exhilarating, creative successful work is beneficial, while that of failure, humiliation or infection
is detrimental. Selye believed that the biochemical effects of stress would be experienced
irrespective of whether the situation was positive or negative.
Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and ideas have moved
on. Stress is now viewed as a "bad thing", with a range of harmful biochemical and long-term
effects. These effects have rarely been observed in positive situations.
The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to Richard S
Lazarus) is that stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that
demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize. In
short, it's what we feel when we think we've lost control of events.
This is the main definition used by this section of Mind Tools, although we also
recognize that there is an intertwined instinctive stress response to unexpected events. The stress
response inside us is therefore part instinct and part to do with the way we think.

The types of stress are as follows

Mechanical

Stress (physics), the average amount of force exerted per unit area.

Yield stress, the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.

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Compressive stress, the stress applied to materials resulting in their compaction.

Biological

Stress (biological), physiological or psychological stress; some types include:

o Chronic stress, persistent stress which can lead to illness and mental disorder
o Eustress, positive stress that can lead to improved long-term functioning
o Workplace stress, stress caused by employment
Music

Accent (music).

Stress (band), an early '80s melodic rock band from San Diego.

Stress (punk band), an early '80s punk rock band from Athens.

Stress (Neo-Psychedelic band), from the late 1980's.

Stress, a song by the French band Justice on their debut album

Other

Stress (game), card game

Stress (linguistics), phonological use of prominence in language

Stress (physics), the average amount of force exerted per unit area.
Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area. It is a measure of the
intensity of the total internal forces acting within a body across imaginary internal surfaces, as a
reaction to external applied forces and body forces. It was introduced into the theory of elasticity
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by Cauchy around 1822. Stress is a concept that is based on the concept of continuum. In
general, stress is expressed as

Where
Is the average stress, also called engineering or nominal stress, and
Is the force acting over the area .
Chronic Stress
Chronic stress is stress that lasts a long time or occurs frequently. Chronic stress is potentially
damaging.
Symptoms of chronic stress can be:

upset stomach

headache

backache

insomnia

anxiety

depression

anger
In the most severe cases it can lead to panic attacks or a panic disorder.
There are a variety of methods to control chronic stress, including exercise, healthy diet, stress
management, relaxation techniques, adequate rest, and relaxing hobbies.

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Ensuring a healthy diet containing magnesium may help control or eliminate stress, in those
individuals with lower levels of magnesium or those who have a magnesium deficiency. Chronic
stress can also lead to a magnesium deficiency, which can be a factor in continued chronic stress,
and a whole host of other negative medical conditions caused by a magnesium deficiency.
It has been discovered that there is a huge upsurge in the number of people who suffer from this
condition. A very large number of these new cases suffer from insomnia.
In a review of the scientific literature on the relationship between stress and disease, the authors
found that stress plays a role in triggering or worsening depression and cardiovascular disease
and in speeding the progression of HIV/AIDS.
Before we define Human Resource Management, it seems good to first
define heterogeneous in the sense that they differ in personality, perception, emotions,
values, attitudes, motives, and modes of thoughts.

(1.3) OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This project gives us a detailed idea of what is stress and also the definition of stress is been
defined. For more detailed study the types of the stress is also defined. By looking at the starting
of the project you will find:
o Introduction to Human resource
o Introduction and Definition of stress
o Stress in biological terms
o What is stress?
o Coping with stress at work place.
o Stress management
o Workplace stress
o Reducing of stress.

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(1.4) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PRIMARY DATA:
Questionnaire research design proceeds in an orderly and specific manner. Each item
in the flow chart depends upon the successful completion of all the previous items. Therefore, it
is important not to skip a single step. Notice that there are two feedback loops in the flow chart to
allow revisions to the methodology and instruments.

Design Methodology
Determine Feasibility
Develop Instruments
Select Sample
Revise Instruments
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Conduct Research
Analyze Data
Prepare Report

(1.5) LIMATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The questionnaires were filled be 35 employees working in the two major Banks of Gwalior i.e.
Axis Bank, and HDFC Bank . So the scope of sample findings was less.
The questionnaire was filled by 35 employees of different designations. So the point of view of
employees differs as per their designations.
The employees from whom the questionnaires are filled are in a heavy workload so some of the
questionnaires filled by the employees who are in stress cannot be called reasonable.
The responses of the employees cannot be accurate as the problem of language and
understanding arises. (These problems are not in all cases.)
One of the other problems of questionnaire is the cost. Some times it may be possible that even
by spending so much the result may not be reasonable.
Many a times the employees may not be really conscious or may not be bothered about the
questionnaire. This may create a problem in the research.

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(1.6) SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This project consist of the information about the employees undergoing from stress
who working in the banks. So considering this factor this topic becomes one of the most
important part of the project as it consists of the opinion of the employees who work in the
banks. In short it was a direct interview of the employees who gave their opinion about how to
reduce stress. The response of employees in the major banks of Mumbai like, The AXIS Bank,
and The HDFC bank was marvelous and they have given their valuable opinion about reducing
stress as a result of the last question included in the questionnaire.

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CHAPTER-2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Employees opinion about how to reduce stress
This project consist of the information about the employees undergoing from stress
who working in the banks. So considering this factor this topic becomes one of the most
important part of the project as it consists of the opinion of the employees who work in the
banks. In short it was a direct interview of the employees who gave their opinion about how to
reduce stress. The response of employees in the major banks of Mumbai like, The AXIS Bank,
and The HDFC bank was marvelous and they have given their valuable opinion about reducing
stress as a result of the last question included in the questionnaire 2. So the opinion if the
employees were as follows:

Just smile away An employee- HDFC Bank

Just believe in yourself and just do what your heart wants An employee- HDFC Bank

-Talking to family members, - Watching TV or listening good music, - Going for a walk or long
drive An employee- HDFC Bank

Believe in God An employee- HDFC Bank

Respect yourself and give time to yourself An employee- HDFC Bank
Working in environment welfares, lot of positive attitude. Positive attitude is only that reduces
stress and achieves success. Most of the people frustrate due to lack of positivity and stress level
climbs up due to that. So get positive attitude about work, about life, and forget the stress An
employee- AXIS Bank

We should do such activities from which we get happiness and also make others happy. Pass
your time with your close friends and relatives. An employee- AXIS Bank

Play and watch cricket An employee- AXIS Bank

Listen music and spend time with family An employee- AXIS Bank
Get adjusted with others, Find and spend time for prayer, Study the scriptures, See oneness in
all, All are manifested of the supreme GOD An employee- AXIS Bank

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These opinions are seemed to be valuable and effective as one of the effective things has been
noticed that the employees who have got less than 18 marks in the Burnout test have given their
opinions about reducing the stress.
It is also noticed that in the AXIS bank Mumbai in the time of afternoon slow
instrumental music are been played so that the employees can work stress free. This is one of the
positive things which are seen in the organization who is caring for their employees. This will
help the organization to boost up the productivity.
From the certain sample of employees selected for the research, only 10 employees
have given their opinion how to reduce stress. So we can understand that how overloaded the
employees of the bank are.

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CHAPTER-3
CONSUPTUAL FRAMEWORK
It is analyzed from the questionnaire filled by the employees that from the sample
of 35 bank employees who have been surveyed, one is found to be a heart patient. This can be
because of high level of stress.
In the stress analysis questionnaire one of the question was You have an important
function at your home and your boss asks to give a 4 hour over time what will be your response
Yes or No? the employees have given their opinion as per their mood.
While considering the point of view of entertainment it depends upon the mood of
the employees. The entertainment is considered one of the most ultimate solutions to reduce
stress. Most of the employees do not spend regular time in entertainment. This may be because
they may not be getting time for entertainment or they may not be interested in the same.
One of the questions was asked that were their social life balanced? It is observed
that the employees who have scored above 20 marks in the burnout test did not have their social
life balanced. Thus we can conclude that the employees who are above 20 dont have their social
life balanced. Thus it is proved that stress may affect our social life also.
The employees were asked weather they plan their work or not, moderate answers
were given. The employees scoring more than 25 marks were not found their work planned. Thus
the employees who plan their work have scored below 25 marks in the burnout test except some
cases as there are always some drawbacks in making plan. Failure of a plan may also lead a
person to stress. Thus we can conclude that planning of the work may help to reduce stress level.
Most of the employees who have scored more than 20 marks fear about their quality
of work they give. This aspect is not dependent of the burnout level. This aspect depends upon
the dedication of work. So it is meaningless to compare this question with the burnout test.
A question was asked that weather you get stressed at the non-achievement of their
target? All the employees have responded positively. But this is not concern with the burnout
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score. From this we can conclude that all the employees are given achievable target and naturally
by the non-achievement of the target all the employees may get stressed. One of the other
possibilities is that the employees have responded positively to show themselves to be good.
The employees having more than 10 marks in the burnout test says that they are
under stress. Out of 35 employees of the sample 20 of the employees accepted that the reason for
their stress is workload. 10 employees are not stressed because of the workload but because of
their family problem. 5 of the employees are not suffering from stress. 14 employees out of 30
employees who are stressed feel stressful when their boss scolds them while 16 employees
refused that they are not stressed because their boss scolds them. All the 30 employees have
accepted that they try to find the solution of their stress. 10 employees out of 30 employees
practice yoga to reduce their stress and the other 20 employees dont practice yoga. The burnout
scores of the employees who practice yoga are either more than 25 or less than 20. Thus we can
conclude that the employees have reduced their stress by yoga therapy and other employees have
just started the yoga because of high level of burnout
The above analysis is done by the data received from the questionnaire. So the
accuracy of data depends upon the response of the employees.

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CHAPTER-4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Sample: I have taken the sample of 35 employees from three different banks of Mumbai. All the
employees were of the same designations.
Reason: As we find the employees of the bank to be more stressful as more and more employees
are taking VRS and are dismissed because of inflation. I have selected only those three banks
which are affiliated to the public and are specialized in consumer needs fulfillment.
It is incumbent on the researcher to clearly define the target population. There are no
strict rules to follow, and the researcher must rely on logic and judgment. The population is
defined in keeping with the objectives of the study.
Sometimes, the entire population will be sufficiently small, and the researcher can
include the entire population in the study. This type of research is called a census study because
data is gathered on every member of the population.
Usually, the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to survey all of its
members. A small, but carefully chosen sample can be used to represent the population. The
sample reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.
Sampling methods are classified as either probability or non probability. In
probability samples, each member of the population has a known non-zero probability of being
selected. Probability methods include random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified
sampling. In non probability sampling, members are selected from the population in some
nonrandom manner. These include convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling,
and snowball sampling. The advantage of probability sampling is that sampling error can be
calculated. Sampling error is the degree to which a sample might differ from the population.
When inferring to the population, results are reported plus or minus the sampling error. In non
probability sampling, the degree to which the sample differs from the population remains
unknown.

Random sampling is the purest form of probability sampling. Each member of the population
has an equal and known chance of being selected. When there are very large populations, it is
often difficult or impossible to identify every member of the population, so the pool of available
subjects becomes biased.

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Systematic sampling is often used instead of random sampling. It is also called an Nth name
selection technique. After the required sample size has been calculated, every Nth record is
selected from a list of population members. As long as the list does not contain any hidden order,
this sampling method is as good as the random sampling method. Its only advantage over the
random sampling technique is simplicity. Systematic sampling is frequently used to select a
specified number of records from a computer file.

Stratified sampling is commonly used probability method that is superior to random sampling
because it reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset of the population that shares at least one
common characteristic. The researcher first identifies the relevant stratums and their actual
representation in the population. Random sampling is then used to select subjects from each
stratum until the number of subjects in that stratum is proportional to its frequency in the
population. Stratified sampling is often used when one or more of the stratums in the population
have a low incidence relative to the other stratums.

Convenience sampling is used in exploratory research where the researcher is interested in

getting an inexpensive approximation of the truth. As the name implies, the sample is selected
because they are convenient. This non-probability method is often used during preliminary
research efforts to get a gross estimate of the results, without incurring the cost or time required
to select a random sample.

Judgment sampling is a common non-probability method. The researcher selects the sample
based on judgment. This is usually and extension of convenience sampling. For example, a
researcher may decide to draw the entire sample from one "representative" city, even though the
population includes all cities. When using this method, the researcher must be confident that the
chosen sample is truly representative of the entire population.

Quota sampling is the non-probability equivalent of stratified sampling. Like stratified

sampling, the researcher first identifies the stratums and their proportions as they are represented
in the population. Then convenience or judgment sampling is used to select the required number
of subjects from each stratum. This differs from stratified sampling, where the stratums are filled
by random sampling.

Snowball sampling is a special non-probability method used when the desired sample
characteristic is rare. It may be extremely difficult or cost prohibitive to locate respondents in
these situations. Snowball sampling relies on referrals from initial subjects to generate additional
subjects. While this technique can dramatically lower search costs, it comes at the expense of
introducing bias because the technique itself reduces the likelihood that the sample will represent
a good cross section from the population.

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CHAPTER-5
Data analysis and Interpretation
The project report shows the information of the level of
stress which the employees are facing as the period of recession is
going the employee cut-off and
Yes
No
No response
turnover ratios are found to be
27
8
0
high so the workload for the
existing employees are high. So
they are facing the problem of work overload and thus they get
stressed.
Lets have a watch on the basic data of the survey:
1. Are you satisfied with the performance you give at your work?

Response
Yes

No

No response

23%

77%

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From the diagram it is clear that 77 % of the employees are satisfied with the performance they
give in the work while 23 % of the employees are not satisfied.

2. Do you think that you are suffering from depression?

Yes

No

28

Response
Yes

No

No response

20%

80%

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No response

Page 17

20 % of the employee feel that they are suffering from depression while 80 % of the
employee feel that that they are free from the depression

3. Do you worry about your colleague's opinion about you?

Yes

No

26
Response

Yes

No

No response

26%

74%

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No response
0

Yes

26% of the
about their

32

No
3

No response
0

about them while

employees worry
colleagues opinion
74% of the

employees are not concern with the opinion about their colleague.

4. Do you discuss your problem with your spouse or friend or any other close to you?

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Response
Yes

No

No response

11%

89%

91% of the employees of the bank discuss their problem and share their feelings with their
spouse or friends or others while 9 % of the employee is not concerned with it.

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5. Do you work more than 8 hours?

Yes

No

31

No response
0

Response
Yes

No

No response

11%

89%

89% of the employees work for more than 8 hours which is the starting point of the stress while
11 % of the employees dont work for more than 8 hours.

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6. You have an important function at your home and your boss asks to give a 4 hour over
time, what will be your response?
Yes

No

14

19

No response
2

Response
Yes

No

No response

6%
40%
54%

40 % of the employees are proved to be work dedicated and they are ready to miss the
important function at their house while 54 % of the employees said no and 6 % of the employee
did not gave any answer.
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Yes

No

20

No response

15

7. Do you regularly spend time for entertainment?

Response
Yes

No

No response

43%
57%

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57% of the employee spent regular time on entertainment which helps us to remain stress free
while 43 % of the employees dont do that.
Yes
19

No
14

8. Is your social life balanced?

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No response

Page 24

Response
Yes

No

No response

6%
40%

54%

54 % of the employees find their social life to be balanced while 40 % of the employees dont
have their social life balanced. 6% of the employees remain silent.

9. Do you plan your work before doing?

Yes
31

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No
4

No response
0

Page 25

Response
Yes

No

No response

11%

89%

It is a good habit to plan the work you do. 89 % of the employees plan their work before doing
while 11 % of the employees dont plan their work.

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10. Do you fear about the quality of your performance?

Yes
1

No

No response

34

Response
Yes

No

No response

37%
63%

63% of the employees fear the quality of performance which they give while 37 % of the
employees dont fear the quality of their work.

11. Are you a heart patient?

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Yes
22

No
13

No response
0

Response
Yes

No

No response

23%

77%

Here 3 % of the employees are heart patient which is partially the result of stress.

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12. Do you get tensed at your non achievement of your target?

Yes

No

25

10

No response
0

Response
Yes

No

No response

29%

71%

71% of the employees get tensed at the non achievement of the target while 29 % of the
employees work casually.

13. Do you feeling stress some times?

Yes

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No

Page 29

No response

28

Response
Yes

No

17%

No response

3%

80%

80% of the employees feel stressed sometimes while 17 % of the employees are not feeling
stressed. 3 % of the employees did not respond.

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If the answer of the above question is Yes then answer the following:
a) Is the reason of your stress your work load?
Yes
20

No

No response

6
Response

Yes

No

No response

17%
26%

57%

57% of the employees find themselves to be stressed by their work over load. 26 % of the
employees are not stressed because of the work overload. 17 % of the employees did not
answer.

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Yes

b) Are you
your family

No

14

14

No response
7

stressed because of
problems?

Response
Yes

No

No response

20%
40%
40%

40 % of the employees are stressed because of their family problems 40% by other problems
while 20% of the employees did not responded.

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Yes
10

No

No response

18

c) Do you get stressed when your boss scolds you?

Response
Yes

No

20%

No response

29%

51%

20% of the employee did not responded when they were asked weather their get stressed
because of the scolding of their boss. 51% of the employees dont get stress because of the

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scolding of their boss. 29 % of the employees get stressed because of the scolding of their
boss.

Yes
24

No
6

No response
5

d) Do you try to find any solution for the problem of your stress?

Response
Yes

No

No response

14%
17%
69%

69 % of the employees try to find the solution of their stress.

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e) (IF YES) Do you practice yoga or any other ayurvedic therapy for reducing stress?

Yes

No

11

18

No response
6

Response
Yes

No

17%

No response

31%

51%

31% of the employees try the yoga and other ayurvedic techniques to reduce their
stress while 51 % of the employees use other techniques to reduce stress.

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CHAPTER-6
(6.1) RECOMMENDATIONS

This project consist of the information about the employees undergoing from stress
who working in the banks. So considering this factor this topic becomes one of the most
important part of the project as it consists of the opinion of the employees who work in the
banks. In short it was a direct interview of the employees who gave their opinion about how to
reduce stress. The response of employees in the major banks of Mumbai like, The AXIS Bank,
and The HDFC bank was marvelous and they have given their valuable opinion about reducing
stress as a result of the last question included in the questionnaire.
These opinions are seemed to be valuable and effective as one of the effective things
has been noticed that the employees who have got less than 18 marks in the Burnout test have
given their opinions about reducing the stress.
It is also noticed that in the AXIS bank Mumbai in the time of afternoon slow
instrumental music are been played so that the employees can work stress free. This is one of the
positive things which are seen in the organization who is caring for their employees. This will
help the organization to boost up the productivity.
From the certain sample of employees selected for the research, only 10 employees
have given their opinion how to reduce stress. So we can understand that how overloaded the
employees of the bank are.

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(6.2) CONCLUSION
The study of human resource management is one of the major criteria in the Health care
and corporate sector. Human resource is the heart of the organization. By this research
project we will be able to know to reduce the stress level of the employees working in the
bank. By this way the performance of the employee increases.
Now a day the corporate sector is booming in a high speed that the people have to work for
prolonged hours to maintain the standard of living and achieve their basic needs. So is the
condition in the hospitals, colleges, BPOs and lots of other places. In spit of having the
modern technologies and facilities, people are feeling themselves to be work loaded and
stressed. Stress arises because of many reasons which are discussed in the following
project. The project report also contain techniques how to reduce the stress and overcome
such problems.
To identify the level of stress among the people who work I have tried to survey the people
working in hospitals, banks and other industries as well as institutes. Stress arises because
of unfulfilled wants, lack of job satisfaction etc.

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(6.3)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

o www.mindtool.com
o www.citehr.com
o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_management
o Research Methodology: Methods And Techniques Dr. C.R. Kothari
o Organizational Behavior Stephen P. Robbins
o Self analysis of questionnaire

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(6.4)
N

ANNEXURE

Questions

Yes

o
1

Are you satisfied with the performance you give at

your work?

Do you think that you are suffering from depression?

Do you worry about your colleague's opinion about

you?

Do you discuss your problem with your spouse or friend or any

other close to you?

Do you work more than 8 hours?

You have an important function at your home and your boss asks to
give a 4 hour over time, what will be your response?

Do you regularly spend time for entertainment?

Is your social life balanced?

Do you plan your work before doing?

1
0

Do you fear about the quality of your performance?

1
1

Are you a heart patient?

1
2

Do you get tensed at your non achievement of your target?

1
3

Do you feeling stress some times?

If the answer of the above question is Yes then answer the
following:

a)

Is the reason of your stress your work load?

b)

Are you stressed because of your family problems?

c)

Do you get stressed when your boss scolds You?

d)

Do you try to find any solution for the problem of your stress?

e)

(IF YES) Do you practice yoga or any other ayurvedic therapy for

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reducing stress?

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No