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Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Consumption
Admissions
and
for
During
Schizophrenia
World
War
A Preliminary
F.
possibility
HE
of a positive
Report
C.
correlation
DOHAN,
be-
M.D.*
ninety-four
tween
changes
in wheat
consumption
and
changes
in the number
of hospital
admissions
The
for
schizophrenia
alleviated
( 1)
the
missions
investigated
decrease
to
wars,
in kinds
ing
was
reported
mental
wartime,
and
latter
disease
adults
(3)
the
and
in
after
the
and,
Sleisenger4
a group
and
of
Bossak,
psychotic
first
symtoms
or
rye,
from
the
Wang
and
patients
Adlersberg
discovered
(type
unspecified)
first
From
the
Department
University
vania,
and
the
Coatesville,
*
was
Support
Health
Grant
Service
School
of
diet.
report
having
its
either
the
some
other
The
number
of
and
A merican
World
grant
from
U. S. Public
Pennsylvania,
Nutrition
amount
available
measure
used
such
(see
herein
reporters,
Journal
consumption
at
as
footnotes
in
the
may
the
that
by
to Table
fashions
it appears
in quotation
of Clinical
Nutrition
level
the
i).
be
cehiac
of a
assessed
and
three
to
by
eight
in
births
the
cases
of
Glasgow.
the
\Var
ii
sources
indicated
per
women
admitted
United
and
the
(Table
cent
each
of
war
mean
the
five
the
consumption
was
mental
of
were
Can-
and
during
wheat
collected
and
from
the
i).
change
for
before
consumption
periods
the
Sweden,2
States4
these
admissions
to
Norway,
in the
mean
annual
schizophrenia
countries
to
from
compared
to
of
wheat
the
number
of
hospital
in
the
respective
per
cent
change
wheat
plus
the
and
prein
rye
1).
indicate
consumer
used
of
during
first
Research
the
may
live
a one
history
of
possibilities
practice
10,000
Finland,0
rye58
(Fig.
word
countries
is
Medi-
Inc.
The
NOTE:
original
the
of
per
hospitals
The
from
clinical
of about
disease
in
the
for
METHODS
Pennsyl-
General
in
of Black9
cehiac
Hospital,
by
180-FR-05415-01
to the
University
and
paucity
that
during
a
The
such
the
admitted
to
Hospital
schizophrenia,
by
of Medicine.
in part
with
be
reported
barley,
of
Administration
supported
Health,
Foundation,
term
School
time
gluten-
Furthermore,
have
a history
five
among
Philadelphia,
Veterans
Professor
work
navian
Medicine,
Handford8
are
to
disappear.7
patient
Pennsylvania.
Assistant
This
of
of Pennsylvania,
to
of
reported
months
ada3
cine,
been
so
disease
institution
was
schizophrenics
among
adults
with cehiac disease
gluten
enteropathy).
sprue,
the
have
occur
cehiac
year
period,
there
disease
in childhood.
three
thirty-two
with
and
and
the
in
becomes
weeks
oats
The
occurs
wheat,
possibly,
Graff
patients
after
sprue.
which
relationship
disease.
usually
of
of
found
(nontropical
some
celiac
a period
elimination
buckwheat
during
hereditary,
children,
in
diet6
possible
and
is probably
asymptomatic
free
experience
of changes
of food consumed
dur-
schizophrenia
in
of ad-
nontropical
disturbances
frequently
of
with
patients
emotional
number
hospitals
between
because
in the
II
RESULTS
or
ScandiWhen
employed
by
The
the
data
Figure
1.
Available
the
marks.
7
are
data
summarized
on
in
Table
Norway,
Vol.
Sweden
18,
January
and
and
1966
Hospital
Dohan
8
Canada
indicated
changes
in the
for
schizophrenia
the
first
first
that
number
than
time.
The
admissions
there
in
the
for
listed
States
sum
of
only
and
the
of
for
and
Schizophrenia
Summary
Hospital
of Original
Admissions
relationship
sions
for
schizophrenia
the
number
and
culated
values
means
of the
shown
in
in
the
also
(prewar)
1,217
1,107
832
The
332
201
(299.6)
(123.4)
Sweden
1937-1939
1940-1942
938
654
(737.2)
(481.3)
608
(458.5)
per
1943-1945
cent
1943-1945
871
admissions
The
9,557
1940-1942
1943-1945
30 to
tion
70.5
10,230
10,943
70.1
74.6
Admission
statistics
were
reported
by
the
period
calendar
in
the
in
year
periods
t Wheat
1936-1940
and
during
the
two
five-
and
the
United
sumed
to be
zero
because
194 1-1945.
The
sions
cent
United
of rye
in
considered.
about
consumpthe
prewar
have
of the
small
these
countries
number
with
rye
in
been
as-
amount
equation
in the
women
first
of
States
regression
change
of
consumption
for
Finland
is expressed
as
grain
in kilogram
per caput
per harvest
year;
that
for
Norway
and for Sweden
as grain
in ten million
kilograms
per country
per harvest
year
(figures
in parentheses).
The
statistics
for
these
countries
are
gross,
are
reported
by the harvest
year
and
refer
to the
net value
obtained
from
production
plus
imports,
minus
seed
and exports.
The
harvest
year
ended
in Finland
on
August
31, in Norway
on September
30 and in Sweden,
July 31.
The
consumption
data
for Canada
and
the
States
multiple
cent
less
of
constituted
consumption
Canada
per
admissions
but
number
was
the
shown)
Scandinavian
the
ported
first
in
not
statistically,
the
the
admis7 d.f.,
changes
consumed
three
changes
cent
with
0.908,
schizophrenia
of rye flour
consumed
footnotet,
Table
total
(date
in
of rye
per
of first
that
rye7
year.
All
the
data
available
for
the
prewar
period
( 1936-1939)
were
used
in calculating
the means
for that
period.
Admission
statistics
for Finland
were published
as the sum
of first admissions
plus readmissions
and are
used
here.
Admission
statistics
for Norway
were
re-
as
number
related
for
School
the
The
S
of
is
changes
amount
Johannes
Statistics,
possibility
be
to
calcula-
Dr.
of wheat
in the
of
also
Finland
of Pennsylvania.
schizophrenia
strongly
by
Medical
are
decreases
in
coefficient
The
periods
statistical
consumption
consumption
U.S.A.
1939
of
change
for
these
made
calthe
admissions
University
P<0.01.
84.0
75.0
84.6
estimated
kindly
correlation
might
814
721
for
The
and
These
1 and
Figure
in the
was
1940-1942
data
first
were
in the
sions
Canada
1937-1939
1942-1942
i.
Professor
change
1936-1940
1941-1945
in
of
of Medicine,
Norway5
shown
of
mean
in
are
employed
which
Ipsen,
69.5
60.9
48.0
cent
Finland
number
prewar
1943-1945.
in
Norway,
in
the
in
original
been
that
the
19 per
Table
change
in
in
in
readmis-
cent
cent
number
have
tions
Finland5
1936-1939
1940-1942
1943-1945
from
per
per
admissions
decrease
about
change
plus
indicate
annual
45
cent
shown)
(see
for
of first
schizophrenia
the
admis(zS)
as
at the consumer
than
1.4 per cent
text),
is included.
level.
of the
(kilograms
Rye
total
per caput
per year)
less
flour, which
composed
of wheat
and rye flour
(see
related
to the
tion
of
wheat
expressed
0.48
per
cent
change
(SW)
as S
and
+5
per
in the
of rye
cent
consump-
(z\R)
may
be
1.04
(zW)
(SR).
The
correlation
in the
number
change
is r
coefficient
of first
in the
0.961,6
assumes
homogeneity
of
assumption
this
of per
admissions
consumption
d.f., P<0.01.
of material.
is
impossible
cent
with
change
the
per
of wheat
and
The analysis
The
to
validity
estimate.
Country
and
Period
Mean
Annual
Consumption
of Wheatt
to
first
admissions
about
per
for
(not
admissions
Canada
mean
readmissions
a plot
the
first
of
probably
Mean
Annual
No.
of First
Admissions
for Schizophrenia*
of
of
first
Data
plus
from
number
Sweden
Data
Consumption
admissions
Estimates
the
the
the
Wheat
first
Finland.
admitted
reports
United
TABLE
fewer
readmitted
those
official
for
were
of patients
Wheat
Consumption
and
COMMENTS
The
internal
ports
on
the
hospitals
the
of
increases
in
the
status
of
bat
on
the
; atwar
of
data)
first
admissions
The
( women
age)
during
was less than
per
and
8 per
Psychotic
navian
accord
in
with
number
due
to
personnel
were
in
patients
in
schizophrenia
we
because
to
hospitalization
far
less.
of
wheat
are
degree
human
the
data
be
for
for
in
three
Norway)
mdi-
1 1 ,442
estimated
mor-
(<0.27
or less
is one-third
consume
per
than
cent)
that
wheat
and
+20
/U2
(nil.
the
_2:
thus
/
-40
annual
and
on
women
a fairly
to
are
index
periods
were
between
the
of first
of
available
particularly
year
mis-
reported
amounts
(five
the
per
admissions
Per
.-4--.I.
20I
/,CHANGE
FROM
WHEAT
CONSUMPTION
in
the
number
of
been
PREWAR
have
+20
MEAN
for
The
States
cent
missions
for
of estimating
from
Norway
(U)
(N),
the original
per
These
the period
Norway
of first
(S),
line).
number
Finland.
(C)
number
See text
of first
two
1943-
is Period
The
I).
admissions
Canada
estimated
for
Table
Ii
the
froni
Period
footnote,5
(dashed
in the
(derived
and
of
data
values
War
from
of the
case
Sweden
World
change
means
(see
in
to
for the
1940-1942
for the
The
admitted
during
cent
first
and
schizophrenia
plotted
Finland
changes
of
consumed
in the number
and
of
number
for schizophrenia.
wheat
means.
1941-1945
cent change
the
of
as the
consumption
in
hospitals
with
been
periods:
Period
1
1945, except in the
=
the
in five countries
prewar
i)
in
change
women
expressed
respective
Table
cent
amount
hospitals
have
change
per
to mental
changes
year
for
cent
versus
admissions
1-2
since
compared.
1.
wheat
mental
consump-
accurate
in the
5$2
-50
FIG.
due
was
subject
changes
similar
installations
the
S2
Changes
hospitals
data
C2
SI
these
of statistics
correlations
number
inactive
reported
to eat
millet
with some
The
who
Taiwan
six
among
were
and
Europeans
of
of
151 4
in
and
were
the
consumption;
statistical
change
used
crude
of change
for
periods
to
in
plus
rice.22
to
study
hospitalized
wartime
on
the
enough
confined
amounts
23
the
statistics
to civilian
or
distortion
data
interpretation,2o
the
in
in military
the
is not
large
aborigines
schizophrenia
subjects
correla-
thorough
active,
upland
for
in these
the
Although
large
and
rye.
the
schizophrenia
risk
patho-
considered
WIsE
civilian
included
hospitals.
admitted
to the
during
in women;
report
of
These
tribes
sweet
potatoes
in northern
of
eat
the
four
of
corn
Scandi-
in
Canada
included
transferred
Veterans
Administration
in the number
of men
tion
cases
bid
in the
the
are
However,
were
not
they
were
in this
of
changes
years
hospitalized
these
statistics.
to those
the
of schizophrenia
forty-five
Lin2
viduals.
mainly
(un-
the
United
States,
these
patients
were
at military
installations
initially;
with
in-
and
demonstrated
the
be
data.
which
example,
con-
in Canada.
service
thus
patients
unless
to
increase
risk
to
cent
countries
hospitals,
in
primarily
fifteen
due
schizophrenia
Rin
in
wartime
addition,
For
in
epidemiologic
other
the
rye
implications
cereals
any
by
in
plus
should
as with
wheat.
change
Nevertheless,
of these
unsupported
populations
cent
wheat
schizophrenia
those
the
six years
of World
War
ii
1 per cent in Norway
and Sweden,
in the United
States,
5 per cent
in
cent
Finland
are
at major
from
not
approximate
population
the
are
changes
were
in incidence.
female
all
the
and
decreases
during
that
invaded,
per
of
published
not
corn-
the
and
high.
a role
of
In
of
wartime
active
that
admissions
employment
concept
3.5
but
evidence
are
tion
number
the
sumed
wheat
speculative,
psychogenic
a relationship
in the
of
genesis
of
and
and
amount
concerning
relationships
(occupied,
clear
mental
capacity,
for
lack
of change
soil
number
creased
the
country
the
time
schizophrenia
the
home
neutral)
re-
to
(bed
the
degree
for
statistical
admissions
admissions
etc.)
admissions
the
countries
physicians,
psychoses,
between
of
five
schizophrenia
in
number
in
number
of
evidence
Schizophrenia
per
is plotted
and
United
10
Dohan
AND
SUMMARY
The
per
during
cent
World
admitted
significantly
rye
the
the
amount
was
coeliac
10.
women
time
to
be
the
per
cent
and
wheat
plus
between
(gluten
herein,
suggests
and
with
that
kind
possible
rela-
and
celiac
schizophrenia
enteropathy)
briefly
further
relationship
the
the
investigation
between
and
quantity
1952
14.
schizophrenia
of foods
ingested
Rome,
L.
Sibelius;
Bergstr#{216}m,
Arvid
W.
A.
Acht#{233}, Bo
Sweden,
Erik
Soop,
Wretlind;
Rolf
Bo
United
MacMahon,
Wayne
of the
Paavo
I. Andreasson,
Sigurd
Qrnulv
States,
help
Johansson,
Vahlquist,
Norway,
Bluger;
of the
is made
K.
S.
I.
Charles
17.
Health.
of
Epidemiological
1961.
2.
X.
pendant
227,
3.
4.
5.
de
19.
mentale
Med.,
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A.
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e psicosi.
M. H.
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WANG,
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1957.
W.
SHELDON,
Riv.
the
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The
In:
by Adlersberg,
& Stratton,
Grune
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GR.AFF,
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the
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first
countries
correlated
in the
prewar
number
for
in five
9.
from
II in
hospitals
schizophrenia
change
change
War
to
CONCLUSION