Mobile application development

Mobile application development by which application

software is developed for handheld devices, such as
personal digital assistants, enterprise digital assistants or
mobile phones. These applications can be pre-installed
on phones during manufacturing platforms, or delivered
as web applications using server-side or client-side processing (e.g. JavaScript) to provide an application-like
experience within a Web browser. Application software
developers also have to consider a lengthy array of screen
sizes, hardware specications and congurations because
of intense competition in mobile software and changes
within each of the platforms.[1] Mobile app development
has been steadily growing, both in terms of revenues and
jobs created. A 2013 analyst report estimates there are
529,000 direct App Economy jobs within the EU 28
members, 60% of which are mobile app developers.[2]

1 Platform

As part of the development process, Mobile User Interface (UI) Design is also an essential in the creation of
mobile apps. Mobile UI considers constraints & contexts,
screen, input and mobility as outlines for design. The user
is often the focus of interaction with their device, and the
interface entails components of both hardware and software. User input allows for the users to manipulate a system, and devices output allows the system to indicate the
eects of the users manipulation. Mobile UI design constraints include limited attention and form factors, such
as a mobile devices screen size for a users hand(s). Mobile UI contexts signal cues from user activity, such as
location and scheduling that can be shown from user interactions within a mobile application. Overall, mobile
UI designs goal is primarily for an understandable, userfriendly interface. The UI of mobile apps should: consider users limited attention, minimize keystrokes, and
be task-oriented with a minimum set of functions. This
functionality is supported by Mobile enterprise application platforms or Integrated development environments
(IDEs).

UI design tools

The platform organizations need to develop, deploy and

manage mobile apps is made from many components, and
tools allow a developers to write, test and deploy applications into the target platform environment.

1.1 Front-End Development Tools (UI

tools, IDEs, MEAPs, SDKs, Software
frameworks)
Front-end development tools are focused on the user interface and user experience (UI/UX) and provide the following capabilities:

SDKs to access device features

Cross-platform accommodations/support
Available tools are listed below.

1.2 Back-End
Servers
(MBaaS,
Mobile
App
Servers,
mobile
infrastructure/Middleware)
Back-end tools pick up where the front-end tools leave
o, and provide a set of reusable services that are centrally managed and controlled and provide the following
capabilities:
Integration with back-end systems
User authentication/authorization

Data services
Mobile UIs, or front-ends, rely on mobile back-ends to
Reusable business logic
support access to enterprise systems. The mobile backend facilitates data routing, security, authentication, authorization, working o-line, and service orchestration. Available tools are listed below.
This functionality is supported by a mix of middleware
components including mobile app servers, Mobile Back1.3 Security Add-on
end as a service (MBaaS), and SOA infrastructure.

Layers

(MAM,

MDM)

With BYOD becoming the norm within more enterprises,

IT departments often need stop-gap, tactical solutions
that layer on top of existing apps, phones, and platform
component. Features include
1

2
App wrapping for security
Data encryption
Client actions
Reporting and statistics

1.4

System Software (Operating systems,

Programming languages)

There are many system-level components that are required to have a functioning platform for developing mobile apps.

APPLICATION STORES

iPhoney - iPhoney gives a pixel-accurate web

browsing environment and it is powered by Safari.
It can be used while developing web sites for the
iPhone. It is not an iPhone simulator but instead
is designed for web developers who want to create
320 by 480 (or 480 by 320) websites for use with
iPhone.iPhoney will only run on Mac OS X 10.4.7
or later.
BlackBerry Simulator - There are a variety of ofcial BlackBerry simulators available to emulate the
functionality of actual BlackBerry products and test
how the BlackBerry device software, screen, keyboard and trackwheel will work with application.

Criteria for selecting a development platform usually con Windows UI Automation - To test applications
tains the target mobile platforms, existing infrastructure
that use the Microsoft UI Automation technology,
and development skills. When targeting more than one
it requires Windows Automation API 3.0. It is preplatform with cross-platform development it is also iminstalled on Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2
portant to consider the impact of the tool on the user exand later versions of Windows. On other operating
perience. Performance is another important criteria, as
systems, you can install using Windows Update or
research on mobile applications indicates a strong cordownload it from the Microsoft Web site.
relation between application performance and user satisfaction. To aid the choice between native and crossplatform environments, some guidelines and benchmarks Tools include
have been published.[3]
eggPlant: A GUI-based automated test tool for mobile application across all operating systems and de1.5 Mobile application testing
vices.
Mobile applications are rst tested within the development environment using emulators and later subjected to
eld testing. Emulators provide an inexpensive way to
test applications on mobile phones to which developers
may not have physical access. The following are examples of tools used for testing application across the most
popular mobile operating systems.
Google Android Emulator - Google Android Emulator is an Android emulator that is patched to run
on a Windows PC as a standalone app, without having to download and install the complete and complex Android SDK. It can be installed and Android
compatible apps can be tested on it.
The ocial Android SDK Emulator - The ocial Android SDK Emulator includes a mobile device emulator which mimics all of the hardware and
software features of a typical mobile device (without
the calls).
MobiOne - MobiOne Developer is a mobile Web
IDE for Windows that helps developers to code, test,
debug, package and deploy mobile Web applications
to devices such as iPhone, BlackBerry, Android, and
the Palm Pre.
TestiPhone - TestiPhone is a web browser-based
simulator for quickly testing iPhone web applications. This tool has been tested and works using
Internet Explorer 7, Firefox 2 and Safari 3.

Ranorex: Test automation tools for mobile, web and

desktop apps.
Testdroid: Real mobile devices and test automation
tools for testing mobile and web apps.

2 Application stores
Several initiatives exist both from mobile vendor and mobile operators around the world. Application developers
can propose and publish their applications on the stores,
being rewarded by a revenue sharing of the selling price.
An example is Apples App Store, where only approved
applications may be distributed and run on iOS devices
(otherwise known as a walled garden). There are approximately 700,000 iOS Applications. Googles Android
Market (now known as the "Play Store") has a large number of apps running on devices with Android OS. HP /
Palm, Inc have also created the Palm App Catalog where
HP / Palm, Inc webOS device users can download applications directly from the device or send a link to the
application via a web distribution method. Mobile operators such as Telefonica Group and Telecom Italia have
launched cross-platform application stores for their subscribers. Additionally, mobile phone manufacturers such
as Nokia has launched Ovi app store for Nokia smartphones. Some independent companies, namely Amazon
Appstore, Aptoide and GetJar, have created their own

3
third-party platforms to reach more users in dierent locations. The Windows Phone Marketplace had more than
100,000+ apps available as of 7-11-2012 .

MoSoSo, Mobile Social Software

On-Device Portal
WURFL and WALL

Patents

There are many patents applications pending for new mobile phone apps. Most of these are in the technological
elds of Business methods, Database management, Data
transfer and Operator interface.[4]
On May 31, 2011, Lodsys asserted two of its four patents:
U.S. Patent No. 7,620,565 (the '565 patent) on a
customer-based design module and U.S. Patent No.
7,222,078 (the '078 patent) on Methods and Systems
for Gathering Information from Units of a Commodity Across a Network. against the following application
developers:[5]
Combay
Iconfactory
Illusion Labs
Shovelmate
Quickoce
Richard Shinderman of Brooklyn, New York
Wulven Game Studios of Hanoi, Vietnam

See also
List of digital distribution platforms for mobile devices
List of mobile software distribution platforms
Lazy User Model
Mobile application management
Mobile App Server
Mobile Backend as a service
Mobile business intelligence
Mobile computing
Mobile Device Testing
Mobile enterprise application platform
Mobile games
Mobile Marketing
Multi-channel app development

JQuery Mobile
HTML5

5 References
[1] Software Development Discussion Paper: An overview of
mobile development in the context of current technology..
[2] VisionMobile, Plum Consulting, "European App Economy", September 2013
[3] Selle, Pam (June 2014). Choosing a JavaScript Framework. Bleeding Edge Press. ISBN 1-939902-09-6. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
[4] Nowotarski et al., Increasing Allowance Rates by Selectively Targeting Patent Class IPwatchdog, April 6, 2011
[5] Florian Meuller, Lodsys sues 7 app developers in Eastern Texas, disagrees with Apple; Android also targeted,
FOSS Patents blog, May 31, 2011

6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

6.1

Text

Mobile application development Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile%20application%20development?oldid=648110320 Contributors: The Anome, Patrick, Pnm, CesarB, Ronz, Den fjttrade ankan, Wouter, Topbanana, Pigsonthewing, RedWolf, SchmuckyTheCat, Graeme Bartlett, Sdsher, Beland, Conte.carli, AliveFreeHappy, Discospinster, Gronky, John Vandenberg, Benbread, Jjron,
ChrisUK, Guy Harris, Arthena, Shareme, Runtime, Woohookitty, RHaworth, ThomasHarte, Mandarax, BD2412, JIP, Rjwilmsi, Koavf,
Vegaswikian, Amitparikh, ElKevbo, Strangnet, Crazycomputers, Brianreading, Mathiastck, Psantora, Bgwhite, MatthiasG, Wavelength,
Rodasmith, Nowa, Dialectric, Futurix, Aler, Brandon, Sekelsenmat, Xaje, Rwalker, Cosmotron, Jhinman, Pb30, GraemeL, JLaTondre,
Veinor, SmackBot, NuShrike, Reedy, Kilo-Lima, Pandion auk, Nephtes, Slitcheld, Gilliam, Andyzweb, Chris the speller, TimBentley, Oli
Filth, Colonies Chris, Benjaminhill, Frap, McGill1974, DigitaLogic8, Piopier, Lester, Ex nihil, Slakr, Flaviohmg, Beetstra, TastyPoutine,
Hu12, MikeWazowski, WilliamJE, Ryans.ryu, Skybon, AlanBourke, Danrah, AndrewHowse, Cydebot, Asmitford, Meno25, Gogo Dodo,
Torc2, Jdm64, Mojo Hand, Seaphoto, LuckyLouie, Vanjagenije, Kariteh, MER-C, Cjkporter, Hut 8.5, Oxy77, JamesBWatson, Tedickey,
Elliotbay, Punchkickinteractive, Gwern, RonAaron, Lmxspice, Jim.henderson, Panarchy, Gherget, R'n'B, Mojodaddy, Mariadominic, Little Professor, Leancode, Celicity, Ahsteele, Raspalchima, Jamesofur, Jevansen, Musically ut, Bonadea, Radicrahl, Hammersoft, Velent,
Je G., Eaowens, Linefeed, Maxtremus, Ccowens, Kishonti, Tumaru, MichaelStanford, Andy Dingley, C45207, Yop83, Bruce.guthrie,
Hmwith, Wade Hatler, Bachcell, Jerryobject, Toddst1, Flyer22, Tarun.Varshney, Jojalozzo, Rosspz, Vgraupera, Svick, Rbgrn, Cyfal,
Go2Null, Huku-chan, ClueBot, Xeniar, Space2Core, Plastikspork, Wysprgr2005, Sandeepkumar03, Niceguyedc, Yasirmturk, Accom06,
Useofweapons, Socrates2008, Sun Creator, 2pac 2007, Ensign red shirt, Tschbeck, Certes, Lepack, Apparition11, SF007, XLinkBot,
Ronkimmons, StefanoSalsano, Addbot, Mortense, Melab-1, Tascsoftwareirl, Stariki, Download, Gail, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Themfromspace,
Bunnyhop11, Fraggle81, Boulevardier, AnomieBOT, AngusCA, VX, Jim1138, Materialscientist, Mozzello, Batpox, Eumolpo, Kakkirala,
Kjohna, Wolven531, Vprise, Stiepan Pietrov, Tabledhote, Eisenbrl, FrescoBot, Paine Ellsworth, Dale303, Stichbury, Biker Biker, I dream
of horses, Adamblum, Peachpellen, LittleWink, Ranoushranoush, Aboriginal Noise, Thehunterunseen, Henrik2009, Yunshui, Drdeaf, Vrenator, Comms coordinator, Aoidh, Crysb, Arjunsubburaj, Wyldman, Balvord, Mean as custard, Nandssiib, Azeemi92, Kevylang, Magneus,
John of Reading, ButlerKyle, Phuboi, GoingBatty, Evanh2008, IHaresh, VijayanandBabu, Dmcgahey, Kilopi, Webpro7, Tolly4bolly, Bomazi, DennisIsMe, Johnnya-NJITWILL, KateLew, Yetenexs, Petrb, ClueBot NG, ., Mobiex, CeylonSoft, Gururaj11, Gargalesis,
Erel2, Colinrbest, Editmywiki123, Raysearch, Joememe, Hellboy81, Neomades, Nottora2, Ngoccuong291, O.Koslowski, Cyborg4, Viedy,
TimCloss, Resconet, Susanpadura, Lmcgloin, Openxcellseo, Wbm1058, Gorkemcetin74, CristinaVelasco, GFMobile, Iappsoz, Commontime, Fugenx, Karjemi, Gaelu, Northamerica1000, Truonghoangduong, Gorppedia, PhnomPencil, Jdubray, ReginaldTQ, Berryvic, CodeJericho, AnAdolt, Nateclev, Mark Arsten, OliverBosse, Geetanjalikatare, Miyazaqui, Alison.mann, Crherel, Carryunder, Sonetseo, Minal bidave, Maxztak, MobiAccess, Edesviktoria, Preethikasanilwiki, NotWith, Rxcorreia, Zeeaali, Robintibor, Maxwolke, Pranekumar,
Droidapp, Vasanth cp, Wikigx, Pocketeers, Josephmcgurk, NiceMatt, Deveedutta, Gingertom uk, Leomcbride, Alexdef, Churchs, Annieh129, Touramobile, PurpleBabyYoshi, Arcandam, Arunrahulk, Chen Fishbein, Kikosovich, Innovate12, Elusivestars, Thinkadoodle,
Jaceto, Ajoe.blk, Mogism, Nozomimous, Sathak Mohamed, Bballkid19, MiraculousMouse, Shreyzie, AnetteSch, Hair, Pascalrubicon,
Entmobiity, HarryHo, Wikiraydino, Rinniee ginsburg, Andrewsmith01, Jammi01, Imanagemobile, Nyssen, Vivik belly, Jk.inno, Silvia
petordsen, Mailvivekgupta, AppuMalu, Sajidsyed21, Sara katin, Martimaia, Saviograce, Tentinator, Anthonyabdulla, Adamobile, Sergei
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6.2

Images

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artist: ?

6.3

Content license

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