THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN NETWORKS AND

COMMUNICATIONS

NAME : MUHAMMAD AIDIL BIN NORHISAM

I/C NUMBER : 950225-01-6337
CLASS : 4 CEMERLANG

GROUP MEMBERS :
ANUAR
HAZIQ

1.0 Introduction
The latest development in networks and communication means the improvement in networks and
communication services and products which really useful for IT user. It is olso much better from
the previous contains.

2.0 Mobile Computing.

2.1Definition.
Using a computing device while in transit. Mobile computing implies wireless transmission, but
wireless transmission does not necessarily imply mobile computing. Fixed wireless applications
use satellites, radio systems and lasers to transmit between permanent objects such as buildings
and towers.

2.2 Specification, services & frequencies of Mobile Computing.

PDA

SPECIFICATION
1.Low bandwith.
2.High bandwith variability.
3.Hidden terminal.
4.Low power machines.
5.Low resources machines
6.need proximity
7.higher delay
8.disconnected operation
9.enable anywhere/anytime
connentivity.
10.Enable new application.

Low power machines

enable anywhere
low resources machines.
SERVICES
1.Emergency services
(messaging & calling)
2.stock information.Collection
/control.
3.Credit card verification.
4.Taxi/truck dispatch.
5.Electronic mail/paging
games

FREQUENCIES
EGSM 900/1800/1900
UMTS 2100
none

Internet Technology And services

3.1 Voice Over Internet Protocol ( VoIP)
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission technologies
for delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet or other packetswitched networks. Other terms frequently encountered and synonymous with VoIP are IP
telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, and
broadband phone.

3.2 Blog
A blog (a contraction of the term weblog) is a type of website, usually maintained by an
individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as
graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. "Blog" can
also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.

4.0 Types Of Network

4.1 Personal Area Networking (PAN)
A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer
devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person. The devices
may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters.
PAN can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal
communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet (an uplink).
Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire. A
wireless personal area network (WPAN) can also be made possible with network technologies
such as IrDA, Bluetooth, UWB, Z-Wave and ZigBee.

4.2 virtual private network (VPN)

virtual private network (VPN) is a network that uses primarily public telecommunication
infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or traveling users access to a central
organizational network.
VPNs typically require remote users of the network to be authenticated, and often secure data
with encryption technologies to prevent disclosure of private information to unauthorized parties.
VPNs may serve any network functionality that is found on any network, such as sharing of data
and access to network resources, printers, databases, websites, etc. A VPN user typically
experiences the central network in a manner that is identical to being connected directly to the
central network. VPN technology via the public Internet has replaced the need to requisition and
maintain expensive dedicated leased-line telecommunication circuits once typical in wide-area
network installations.

4.3 Wireless LAN (WLAN)

A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless local area network that links two or more computers or
devices using spread-spectrum or OFDM modulation technology based to enable communication
between devices in a limited area. This gives users the mobility to move around within a broad
coverage area and still be connected to the network

4.4 WIMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a communications technology
that uses radio spectrum to transmit tens of megabits per second in bandwidth between digital
devices such as laptop computers. Similar to WiFi, WiMAX brings with it the ability to transmit
over far greater distances and to handle much more data.

5.0 Conclusion
The latest development in networks and communication brings more useful to IT user which can
makes lifes way easier in networking and communicate.

6.0 References
http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=mobile+computig&i=4
7137,00.asp
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070629052817AASZjbY
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_Internet_Protocol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingconcepts/a/network_t
ypes.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Area_Network
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN
http://www.mariosalexandrou.com/definition/wimax.asp