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f HxL
We can estimate the area under the graph by adding the areas of the
approximating rectangles. However, we must decide how tall our rectangles must be.
Area
Where x =
, and n is a number of subintervals. The long summation can be written in short form using sigma notation:
Area
The sums of this form are called
f HxL
Area
f HxL
Area
f HxL
Area
Example 1 Approximate the area above the x-axis and below the graph of y =
the interval [1, 4] using left and right Riemann sums. Use n = 3
x on
, where x is the
of the ith rectangle.
number
) of each
If f is a
=
where xi is
REMARKS:
The definite integral is a
It represents the area under the graph only if
on [a, b]
If f (x) < 0 somewhere inside the interval, the definite integral
represent the area under the graph.
If f (x) < 0 somewhere on [a, b] the definite integral represents the
sum of the area under the graph where
MINUS the area
between the axis and the graph where
.
In other words the area under the graph above x-axis is taken as
area and the area below the x-axis is considered
.
n
X
1 (xi )2 x =
i=1
n
X
ln(x )
i
xi
i=1
x =
Example 3 Consider the area between the two curves shown below.
10
5
f HxL 9 - x2
-2
-1
gHxL x3 - 9 x
-5
-10
a) Draw approximating rectangles to represent the area bounded between the two curves.
b) Represent the area as a limit of a Riemann Sum.