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INTRODUCTION
Electric power line networking is a method of home
AC wiring and power outlets to transmit data around a home or small offices. It is based
• Web access
• Printers
• PC hard drives
PCs near a phone outlet. Instead, computers and other devices are connected through
electrical outlet. You are networked by just plugging in. power line networking is based
networking, a home owner can create an entire home network linking his/her,
• Personal computers
• Printers
• Music equipments
• Internet access
Wires and sockets are used simultaneously for electricity and data, without disrupting
each other. Thus power line networking provides a cost effective solution for home
networking. With power line networking, you will be able to put your desktop PCs
anywhere you like in your home. It will also easier to buy and network other devices.
FEATURES
• No extra wiring and extra wire maintenance is required since it uses exciting
at home.
• It uses power outlet to let the users more easily relocate the PCs, switches,
• Frequency band 4.3 to 20.9 MHz for low interference from other electrical
appliances.
THE TECHNOLOGY
Like home PNA, power-line networking is based on the concept of “no
new wires”. The convenience is even more obvious in this case because while not every
room has a phone jack, but always have an electrical outlet near a computer. In power
line networking, you connect your computers to one another through the same outlet.
Because it requires no new wiring, and the network adds no cost to your electric bill,
rooms.
There are two competing technologies for power line networking. The
older technology called Passport, by company named Intelogis and a new technology
called Powerpacket, developed by intellon. Now let’s find out how each of these
technologies works.
Intelogis
back and forth over the electrical wires in your home. FSK uses two frequencies, one for
1s and the other for 0s, to send digital information between the computers on the
network. The frequencies used are in a narrow band just above the level where most line
noise occurs.
impinges on either frequency can disrupt the data flow, causing the transmitting
computer to have resent the data. This can affect the performance of the network.
When one was using more electricity in the house, such as running the washer and dryer,
the network slowed down. Intelogis includes line-conditioning power strips with its
network kit and encourages you to insert them between the wall outlet and your computer
TEHNOLOGY
INTELLON
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION:
• 84 carriers
• CSMA/CA
• Secure communications
FDM puts computer data on separate frequencies from the voice signals being carried by
the phone line, separating the extra signal space on a typical phone line into distinct data
electrical subsystem (4.3 MHz to 20.9MHz) is split into 84 separate carriers. OFDM
sends packet of data simultaneously along several of carrier frequencies, allowing for
increased speed and reliability. If noise or surge in power usage disrupts one of the
frequencies, the PowerPacket chip will sense it and switch that data to another carrier.
This rate adaptive design allows power packet to maintain an Ethernet-class connection
faster than existing phone-line and wireless solutions. The latest technology of
INT5500CS. However, as broadband access and internet based content like streaming
audio and video and voice-over-IP become more commonplace, speed requirements will
continue to increase.
intelogis power line networks uses the computer’s parallel port. A wall device is plugged
A parallel cable is plugged into the wall device and into the parallel port
of the computer. The power-line network must be the last item connected to the parallel
port. For this reason, if you have anything else connected to the parallel port, such as a
scanner or Zip drive, it must have a pass-through for the parallel port. Unless you have a
second parallel port on your computer, your printer must be connected to the network
Something to keep in mind is that the intelogis older technology does not
support bidirectional printing. “Bidirectional” means that data is sent in both directions,
allowing your printer to send information back to your computer, such as how much ink
is left and if there is a paper jam. This will not keep your printer from working, but it is
worth noting that you will lose the use of such features.
Initial Power Packet devices connect via a USB or Ethernet cord from the
computer to a small wall adapter. Subsequent devices will have the circuitry built in,
snap. The software automatically detects all nodes (computers and printers) on the
network. Whether your internet connection is by cable modem, DSL or normal modem,
the included proxy server software allows you to share the internet with your other
computers. You can easily add computers by simply plugging a new adapter in and
provides information to all of the other devices. Peer-to-peer means that each devices can
talk directly to each other device on other network without consulting a central system
first. Intelogis Passport technology uses a client/server network. The first computer that
you install the software on becomes the Application Server. In essence, it is the director
of the network, controlling the flow of data and telling each devices on the network
where to find the other devices. Intellon’s Power packet technology uses a peer-to-peer
network.
network within a home, the next thing to consider is what type of setup will work best for
your home. There are 8 most preferred ways to setup a power line network.
NETWORK
STANDARDS
Establishing networks through power lines has mainly been viewed as a
complimentary technology that reaches into areas of home not accessed by telephone
outlets for HomePNA connections. Consider the case of Ethernet cables. This is most
time consuming, labor intensive and costly method to set up a network. Unless you are
technically inclined or know a friend who can pull the cables free, many consumers can
Even though Wi-Fi seems to be more convenient, there are some major disadvantages of
using this type of network. The main disadvantages are lack of distance, lack of stability,
and lack of security. Wi-Fi can only reach up to 300ft in distance. It is also possible that
another environment can disrupt the network. In addition, Wi-Fi does not offer a built-in
lines as the medium for data transmission. Unfortunately, there is usually a lack of phone
uses the existing AC infrastructure as the network; thus no wires or installation is needed
throughout a household, power line networking can easily used in home or office and
offers a convenient, flexible solution to network. Power line networks are plenty fast
enough for sharing files, internet access, and peripherals such as printers though may not
be great for multiplayer gaming. It has rated distance between devices anywhere on
SECURITY METHODS
Security risks are common methods used by intruders to gain controller
access to host the computer without permission, using any method accessible to them like
The process securing of the power line networks radically differs from
the conventional securing because of the introduction of new elements like power outlets,
power switches, plug fuse, the quality of power line installation and similar up to day
components nothing linked with computer sciences. There fore the new elements or
• Electric measurer with Firewall or Stand Alone Firewall for Power line Networks.
• Plug with outlet and Ethernet/Parallel Port connection with or without encryption.
The new process of securing must involve these new and old
• Perimeter security Firewall for power line network or Electric Measurer with
• Printer sharing.
ADVANTAGES
(COMMON)
computer, doesn’t have to be physically near any of the computers in the network.
DISADVANTAGES
(INTELOGIS)
ADVANTAGE
(Intellon)
According to Intellon, Power Packet technology eliminates many of these
speeds.
• It does not limit the features of your printer as in the case of Passport technology
• It may have the necessary circuitry embedded within the device, necessitating
transmission.
Intelogis provides a kit that connects two computers and one printer for $59.
Additional adaptors cost about $40. There is specific version for computers or printers, so
make sure you get the correct one. Since the network does not affect power usage or
FUTURE
The PLC networks for communication within the smart home, but the
ultimate goal of PLC network could be the ability to connect to the Internet without
dialing up to an ISP server, entirely using electrical wiring only. This can be illustrated as
in Figure 2
(Powerline Modem Terminal Service) connects PLC networks within homes to the
Internet backbone. The PLC network gateway for a private home network could
Be installed in the fuse box of that home and then it could be connected to one or more
repeaters. Repeaters are for increasing signal strength when the signals level fall below
some value.
It expect to see higher data rates in power line networks in the future as signal
modulation technologies improve; however, issues like network security and the network
Further research on these issues is of critical importance when power line networks are
HomePNA solutions, making power line an ideal option to serve as the backbone for a
multi-technology home network. In this case, consumers will not have to discard their
The one common thread among all of the networking option is the need for
power. There will be demand for products and services that can be connected using
power line network and this boom will fuel a manufacturing revolution globally for
decades to come. Annual shipment of power line nodes for home PC network are
expected to grow five-fold from now to 2006.(Networks in the Home: Analysis and
Forecasts). In total, 19 million U.S households are expected to use PC networks by the
end of 2006. For home entertainment networks which will comprise more than
100 Million connected nodes by the end of 2006, power line solutions are expected to
the introduction of its next generation power line networking chipset. The INT5500CS,
an 85Mbps power line networking chipset, is fully compliant with the 14 Mbps Home
Plug 1.0 specifications and offers the higher bandwidth performance necessary to drive
INT51X1 and INT5200 products, which implement the 14Mbps Home Plug 1.0
video recorder (DVR) networking and media center PCs. Other applications include
whole house audio, extension and bridging of higher speed wireless technologies such as
802.11x and UWB, and higher data-rate broadband sharing based on technologies such
The new solution is comprised of the INT5500 base band (MAC/PHY) processor and the
INT1200 analog front end (AFE). The INT5500 chipset will begin sampling in the first
roadmap strategy,” said Ron Glibbery, president of Intellon. “Working with our
whole house distribution of data and multimedia content. The INT5500CS enables
reliable whole house distribution of a new set of audio and video applications.”
“The INT5500CS is the second step in a three-tier product strategy designed to meet the
increasing bandwidth needs of the evolving digital home,” said Andreas Melder, senior
vice president of sales, marketing and business development at Intellon. “Continuing our
powerline industry leadership, our 14Mbps INT51X1 and INT5200 products and our new
product line, which will enable distribution of multiple high definition video streams
use, and strong Quality of Service (QoS) make powerline ideal for real-time
POWER STRUGGLES
Science class painted a rosy picture of electricity in the
form of regular sine waves. But these perfect curves of 110V AC seldom grace the wires
of real homes. For one thing, the energy coming off. The power grid into your home is
rarely clean; it suffers spikes (sudden rise in energy), surges (prolonged over voltage),
and brownouts (prolonged under voltage). And once electricity is in your home, “noisy”
appliances such as vacuum cleaners, air conditioners, and hair dryers dirty up that perfect
medium. When our test machines suddenly lost internet access, for instance, the lack of
network diagnostic tools for power line networks really hurt. Apart from Windows own
IP configuration (winipcfg and ipconfig) and ping commands, there are few tools and
fewer techniques to support lines for the major vendors of Home Plug devices became
troubles. Over several months of evaluation in a 70 year old home in the full heat and
humidity of summer, when wall air conditioning in units kick in and brownouts are
common, we encountered only one unexplained network dropout. We easily fixed the
problem with the old trick of unplugging the adapters and plugging them back in again
SUMMARY
The two separate powerline standards groups share a similar vision
they both want to extend beyond control and data, to also carry audio and video, and to
help connect every day devices to the internet. They each plan to test the technologies
from power line companies and then pick the best one as the standard.
companies focus on the electric power grid that brings power to homes. They plan to
apply power line technologies to access networks, much like DSL uses existing phone
• High transmission rate, right now 9Mbps(up to 60 times faster than ISDN) in
• TV quality video
• Streaming audio
• Broadband multimedia
CONCLUSION
Power line networking technology promises to open up
benefits to the customers. With multiple outlets in almost every room, residential
power lines are already the most pervasive network in the world. As the internet
explodes, broadband explodes, broadband access expands and customers plug in new
and Internet data to and around the home, office or other building increases continuously.
The cost of installing wires to support this is expensive, disruptive and time consuming.
Power lines present a cost effective, easy to adopt home networking solution customers
reliable very high speed data communications over the power line. The physical
sources, heavy electrical load and the appliances connected sometime create technical
to the internet without dialing up to an ISP server, entirely using electrical wiring only.
With a wide variety of devices connected to the network, system is able to share
resources and information and to respond more appropriately Intellon’s Power Packet
technology lends itself to functioning reliably in the harsh environments of the AC power
line. Thus power line networking technology has a tremendous promise for the future.
REFERENCES
1. IEEE Spectrum 2004, PP.6-9, SEPTEMBER 2004. “Amped up and Ready to Go”
2. Power Delivery, IEEE Transaction, pp. 1232-1237, vol.11, issue 3, July 1996. “A
automation”
by Yu-Ju Lin , Haniph A. Ltchman and Minkyu Lee IN Electrical and computer
5. www.intellon.com
6. www.howstuffworks.com
7. www.CNETNEWS.com
8. www.homeplugandplay.com
9. www.extreametech.com
10. www.pcmag.dit.net