Thick-Walled Cylinders

(Notes,3.14)
MAE 316 Strength of Mechanical Components
Y. Zhu

Thick-Wall Cylinders

Cylinders (3.14)
r

ri

pi

po

ro

l
r

Applications
pi = 0

Submarine
Vacuum chamber
Shrink fit
Buried pipe

po = 0

Gun barrel
Liquid- or gas-carrying pipe
Hydraulic cylinder
Gas storage tank

Thick-Wall Cylinders

Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels (Review)

pri
t
t

(hoop stress)

pri
l
2t

(longitudinal stress)

t
ri
p

For a thin-walled pressure vessel, ri/t > 10,

so hoop stress (t) variation in the radial
direction is minimal

ro

Radial stress (r) is equal to -p on the inner surface, zero on

the outer surface, and varies in between.

r is negligible compared to t.
3

Thick-Wall Cylinders

Thick-Walled Cylinders (3.14)

For thick-walled pressure vessels

pi r i po ro r i ro ( po pi ) / r
ro 2 ri 2
2

pi r i 2 po ro 2 r i 2 ro 2 ( po pi ) / r 2
t
ro 2 ri 2

ri
po

pi

ro

1
2

Maximum shear stress max ( t r )

If the ends of the cylinder are capped, must include

longitudinal stress.
pi r i 2 po ro 2
l
ro 2 ri 2

Thick-Wall Cylinders

Thick-Walled Cylinders

Examples of closed cylinders include pressure vessels and

submarines.
Examples of open cylinders include gun barrels and shrink fits.

Radial displacement of a thick-walled cylinder

1 (ri 2 pi ro 2 po )r 1 ( pi po )ri 2 ro 2
ur

2
2
E
ro ri
E
(ro 2 ri 2 )r
E Young's modulus

Poisson's ratio

Thick-Wall Cylinders

ur

Thick-Walled Cylinders (3.14)

Special case: Internal pressure only (po = 0)

r i 2 pi ro 2
r i 2 pi ro 2
r 2 2 1 2 & t 2 2 1 2
ro ri r
ro ri
r

ri
pi

ro

( r ) max pi @ r ri
( t ) max

(ri 2 ro 2 )
pi 2 2 @ r ri
(ro ri )

2
2
pi r i r
ro
ur
(1 ) (1 ) 2
2
2
r
E (ro ri )

(ur ) r ri

pr
ii
E

ro 2 ri 2

r r2
i

o
2

(u r ) r ro
6

2 pi ri ro

2
2
E (ro ri )
Thick-Wall Cylinders

t/pi

Thick-Walled Cylinders

Compare previous result with thin-walled pressure vessel case

(po = 0)
(ri 2 ro 2 )
t pi 2 2 @ r ri
(ro ri )
ro ri t
t ro ri
ri 2 (ri t ) 2
(ri 2 ro 2 )
pi
t pi
(ro ri )(ro ri )
(ri t ri )t
for t ri (thin walled)
ri ri
2r
pi i
t pi
(2ri )t
(2ri )t
2

t
7

pi ri
(inside)
t
Thick-Wall Cylinders

ri
pi

ro

Thick-Walled Cylinders

Continued
2 pi ri 2
t 2 2 @ r ro
(ro ri )
ro ri t
t ro ri
2 pi ri 2
2 pi ri 2

t
(ro ri )(ro ri ) (ri t ri )t
for t ri (thin walled)
2 pi ri 2
t
(2ri )t
pi ri
(outside)
t
t same on inside and outside

ri
pi

ro

Thick-Wall Cylinders

Thick-Walled Cylinders

Special case: External pressure only (pi = 0)

r o 2 po ri 2
r o 2 po ri 2
r 2 2 2 1 & t 2 2 1 2
ro ri r
ro ri r

( r ) max po @ r ro
( t ) max

2 po ro 2
2 2 @ r ri
(ro ri )

2
2
po r o r
ri
ur
(1 ) (1 ) 2
2
2
r
E (ro ri )
2

(ur ) r ri
(ur ) r ro
9

pr
o o
E

2 po ro ri
2
2
E (ro ri )

(ro 2 ri 2 )

(r r 2 )
i

o
Thick-Wall Cylinders

ri
po

ro

Example 1
Find the tangential, radial, and longitudinal stress for a pipe with
an outer diameter of 5 inches, wall thickness of 0.5 inches, and
internal pressure of 4000 psi.

10

Thick-Wall Cylinders

Example 2
Find the maximum allowable internal pressure for a pipe with
outer radius of 3 inches and wall thickness of 0.25 inches if the
maximum allowable shear stress is 4000 psi.

11

Thick-Wall Cylinders

Press and Shrink Fits

(3.16)
MAE 316 Strength of Mechanical Components
Y. Zhu

12

Press and Shrink Fits

Press and Shrink Fits (3.16)

Press together or
shrink inner
ri
p

uri

Inner member (external

pressure only)

R
uro

ro

Outer member (internal

pressure only)

Assume inner member has slightly larger outer radius than

inner radius of outer member.
R is the shared radius between the two pieces before they are
pressed together.
Interference pressure will develop upon assembly.
13

Press and Shrink Fits

Press and Shrink Fits (3.16)

pR R 2 ri 2
uri
2 2 i (inner)
Ei R ri

pR ro 2 R 2
uro
o (outer)
2
2
Eo ro R

For compatibility
uro uri
1 ro 2 R 2
1
pR 2

o
2
Ei
Eo ro R

R 2 ri 2

2 2 i
R ri

Once is known we can calculate p, or vice versa.

Typically, is very small, approximately 0.001 in. or less.

14

Press and Shrink Fits

Press and Shrink Fits (3.16)

If the materials are the same:

E = Ei = Eo
= i = o

2 pR 3

(ro 2 ri 2 )
2
2
2
2
(
r
R
)(
R
r

i )
o

If the inner member is not hollow, ri = 0.

2 pR ro 2

2
2
E (ro R )

15

Press and Shrink Fits

Example 3
A solid shaft is to be press fit into a gear hub. Find the maximum
stresses in the shaft and the hub. Both are made of carbon steel
(E = 30x106 psi, = 0.3).
Solid

ri = 0 in, R = 0.5 in. (nominal)

Tolerances: +2.3x10-3/+1.8x10-3 in.

Gear

16

shaft

hub

R = 0.5 in. (nominal), ro = 1 in

Tolerances: +0.8x10-3/0 in.

Press and Shrink Fits

Example 4
A bronze bushing 50 mm in outer diameter and 30 mm in inner
diameter is to be pressed into a hollow steel cylinder of 100 mm
outer diameter. Determine the tangential stresses for the steel
and bronze at the boundary between the two parts.
Eb

= 105 Gpa
Es = 210 Gpa
= 0.5
radial interference = 0.025 mm

17

Press and Shrink Fits