Unit 6 Test: Enlightenment

2014-15

1. Voltaire's famous polemic slogan, Crush the infamous thing!, referred to?
a.
b.
c.
d.

royal despotism
political radicalism
religious bigotry as supported by an organized clergy
constitutional monarchy

2. The Declaration of Independence was based upon the ideas of

a.
b.
c.
d.

Hobbes
Locke
Rousseau
Montesquieu

3. In general, the 18th century philosophes were?

a.
b.
c.
d.

popularizers of the scientific and intellectual discoveries of the 17th century

a group of learned Christian clerics who wished to modernize religion
originators of a new philosophy based on reason and the concept of natural law
people who were always the wealthiest members of 18c Western European society

4. Diderots stated goal in creating his Encyclopedie was to

a.
b.
c.
d.

Change the French government

Change European society
Change the general way of thinking
Change the relationship between people and the government

5. Newton defined the three laws of motion in his work entitled

a.
b.
c.
d.

The Starry Messenger

The Copernican Model
Principia
Boyles Law

6. Rulers of the 18th century who tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers
practiced
a.
b.
c.
d.

Enlightened republicanism
Enlightened conservatism
Enlightened radicalism
Enlightened absolutism

7. Copernicus supported the theory of the solar system called the

a.
b.
c.
d.

Geocentric model
Heliocentric model
Ptolemaic model
Kepler model

8. The best government, said which of the following men, is achieved by the separation of powers?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Locke
Voltaire
Montesqiueu
Diderot

9. Which European nation assisted the American colonists during the revolution?
a. Prussia
b. France
c. Austria
d. Spain
10. Maria Theresa can be labeled an "Enlightened Despot" because she?
a.
b.
c.
d.

introduced religious toleration in the Habsburg Empire

eliminated the death penalty in the Habsburg Empire
invited political radicals to live in her palace in Vienna
introduced many legal reforms in the Habsburg Empire

11. The American Bill of Rights protected all of the following except
a.
b.
c.
d.

Freedom of Religion
Freedom of Press
Freedom of Assembly
Freedom of Government

12. Who is called the father of rationalism?

a.
b.
c.
d.

Descartes
Newton
Galileo
Kant

13. All of the following are considered major factors that fostered the ideals of the Enlightenment EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.

the colonial worldview

the Newtonian worldview
the need for administrative and economic reform in France after the wars of Louis XIV
the consolidation of a print culture

14. The Scientific Revolution was pioneered by all of the following individuals EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.

Galileo
Descartes
Bacon
Ptolemy

15. The Enlightenment

a.
b.
c.
d.

was based upon the assumption that science and reason can explain all things
regarded human progress as an impossibility "in this best of all possible worlds."
was diametrically opposed to the Newtonian concept of natural law
rejected the claims of modern science

16. The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was?

a.
b.
c.
d.

London
Amsterdam
Paris
Vienna

17. Which Prussian monarch was considered the most cultured monarch of the 18th century and has close ties to the
Enlightenment?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Frederick William I
Frederick the Great
Catherine the Great
Joseph II

18. The greatest loser of the Seven Years War was

a.
b.
c.
d.

France
Great Britain
Prussia
Russia

19. Even though he was a philosopher, Francis Bacon is credited with the development of the
a.
b.
c.
d.

The Newtonian Method

Republican form of government
Scientific Method
Critical Method

20. The wars of the 18th century saw the emergence of the international rivalry between France and
a.
b.
c.
d.

Great Britain
Prussia
Austria
Russia

21. Galileo is not considered a thinker of the Renaissance period

a.
b.
c.
d.

Due to his relationship with the Medicis

Due to his friendship with Martin Luther
Due to his conflict with the Anglican church
Due to his conflict with the Catholic Church

22. Voltaire was noted for his

a.
b.
c.
d.

Criticism of the Three Estates and feudal taxes

Criticism of England and constitutional monarchies
Criticism of religion and absolutism
Criticism of republican education

23. Rousseau proposed a social contract in which

a.
b.
c.
d.

The government creates individual contracts with its people

People write contracts with each other to enforce the law
An entire society agrees to be governed by its general will
Monarchs agree to protect the rights and property of its people

24. The ideas of the Enlightenment were debated and exchanged in

a.
b.
c.
d.

Executive meetings
Salons
Assemblies
Congresses

25. One of the most important impacts of the scientific revolution was that
a.
b.
c.
d.

New ideas were discouraged by the Catholic Church

Absolute monarchies embraced new scientific principles
Astronomy became recognized as a legitimate field of study
Intellectuals barriers, such as the Catholic Church, were broken down

26. John Locke believed that people were born

a.
b.
c.
d.

Into slavery
Tabula Rasa
Into a natural state
Evil

27. Many of the scientific theories developed by the likes of Galileo, Kepler, and Newton were taken by
Enlightenment thinkers
a.
b.
c.
d.

and applied to society

and disproved
and expanded upon in essays and books
and applied to constitutions

28. Unlike the Renaissance, the major thinkers and ideas of the Enlightenment
a.
b.
c.
d.

Emerged in waves across Europe

Emerged simultaneously across Europe
Emerged in isolation of each across Europe
Garnered the support of the Catholic Church

29. One of the goals established by Enlightenment thinkers to reform education was to create
a.
b.
c.
d.

Universities
Republican or virtuous citizens
A new generation of enlightened monarchs
New means of communication

30. One of the most radical ideas of the Enlightenment period was that of Deism, proposed by
a.
b.
c.
d.

Locke
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Rousseau

31. Montesquieus most famous work was entitled...

a.
b.
c.
d.

The Starry Messenger

The Spirit of Laws
Emile
Principia

32. Which of the following best describes Hobbes?

a.
b.
c.
d.

He was a pessimist
He believed in limited monarchy
He advocated for a bill of rights
He believed men should live in a state of nature

33. Which of the following best describes Enlightened Absolutism?

a.
b.
c.
d.

Absolute monarchs who embraced the ideas of the Enlightenment but still retained total authority
Absolute monarchs who embraced the ideas of the Enlightenment and practiced those ideas
Absolute monarchs who wrote and contributed to the Enlightenment period
Absolute monarchs who rejected Enlightenment ideas in favor of increasing their authority

34. All of the following are considered enlightened despots EXCEPT

a.
b.
c.
d.

Joseph II of Austria
Catherine the Great of Russia
Peter the Great of Russia
Frederick the Great of Prussia

35. The country most commonly associated with the Enlightenment was
a.
b.
c.
d.

England
France
Russia
Spain

Historical Term Identifications:

Please complete all three IDs, each on a separate sheet of lined paper with your name, period, and term listed.

Thomas Hobbes
Enlightened Despots
Seven Years War