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Table of Contents
Alro Steel
Alro Steel
alro.com
alro.com
Tool
Steel
Comparison
Guide
alro.com
110
95
92
80
70
70
60
68
45
40
40
38
38
H-11
55
50
H-12
90
H-13
100
30
20
H-19
T-1
M-1
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-42
10
88
90
H-12
H-11
90
H-13
100
80
70
65
60
45
50
40
20
22
25
M-4
30
M-42
40
34
30
H-19
T-1
M-1
M-2
M-3
10
alro.com
85
70
70
70
60
50
45
40
45
53
45
47
42
30
35
35
35
S-7
80
20
S-5
S-1
35
35
S-5
S-1
O-1
O-6
L-6
A-2
A-6
A-8
DC-53
D-2
D-3
D-5
10
60
50
50
40
30
75
72
70
70
50
50
40
32
32
20
20
S-7
O-1
O-6
L-6
A-2
A-6
A-8
DC-53
D-2
D-3
D-5
10
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90
80
85
75
70
60
68
75
60
40
40
37
H-12
H-11
40
H-13
50
30
20
H-19
T-1
M-1
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-42
10
110
85
82
95
H-11
80
H-12
90
H-13
100
70
60
55
40
40
40
40
40
40
M-4
M-3
M-2
M-1
T-1
40
M-42
50
30
20
0
H-19
10
alro.com
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
35
20
S-1
35
35
S-1
10
S-5
10
S-5
13
S-7
A-8
A-10
DC-53
D-2
D-3
D-5
10
27
20
13
O-1
20
O-6
20
28
L-6
20
23
A-2
28
A-6
30
110
100
90
90
90
90
90
80
80
70
80
75
65
60
65
55
50
40
35
30
20
S-7
O-1
O-6
L-6
A-2
A-6
A-8
DC-53
D-2
D-3
D-5
10
alro.com
110
100
90
70
70
70
H-12
H-11
70
H-13
80
60
60
35
35
35
T-1
25
M-1
24
M-3
20
26
M-4
30
M-42
40
M-2
50
H-19
10
70
60
55
50
30
10
60
H-19
T-1
M-42
15
M-1
10
10
M-2
20
0
85
45
M-3
30
85
35
M-4
40
85
H-11
80
H-12
90
H-13
100
alro.com
110
100
90
90
80
75
70
65
35
54
A-6
30
50
A-8
50
55
DC-53
60
40
75
50
55
54
35
30
20
S-5
S-1
85
85
S-5
S-1
S-7
85
S-7
O-1
O-6
L-6
A-2
D-2
D-3
D-5
10
93
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
70
55
50
50
40
27
O-1
O-6
L-6
A-2
A-6
A-8
DC-53
D-5
10
0
25
15
D-2
20
D-3
30
11
alro.com
AISI A-2
Mn
Cr
1.00 max 4.75-5.50
Mo
V
.90-1.40 .15-.50
Si
Ni
.50 max .30 max
ADVANTAGES:
AVAILABILITY
Readily available
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
12
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HARDENING
TEMPERING
13
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RC Hardness
62.0
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
52.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
1750 Degrees
1775 Degrees
44.0
42.0
40.0
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 1750F
Single Tempered Rc Hardness
As Quenched
64.0
300
63.0
400
61.0
500
59.0
600
58.0
700
57.0
800
56.5
900
56.0
1000
55.0
1100
53.0
1200
47.0
14
1775F
Rc Hardness
64.5
63.5
61.5
60.0
59.0
58.0
57.0
57.0
56.5
53.0
47.0
alro.com
.0012
.0010
.0008
.0006
.0004
.0002
.0000
As 200
Hardened
Tempering Temperature
15
alro.com
AISI A-6
AIR HARDENING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
Cr
.65 - .75 .50 max 1.80 - 2.50 .90 - 1.20
Mo
Ni
.90 - 1.40 .30 max
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
16
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ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
17
alro.com
RC Hardness
56.0
54.0
52.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
1550 Degrees
42.0
40.0
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 1550F
Single Tempered Rc Hardness
As Quenched
62.0
300
60.5
400
59.0
500
57.0
600
55.5
700
53.5
800
51.5
900
49.0
1000
45.0
18
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.0008
.0007
.0006
.0005
.0004
.0003
.0002
Air Cooled from 1550 Degress F
Sample Size 3/4dia x 2 Long
.0001
.0000
As
200 300
Hardened
400 500
600 700
800
900 1000
Tempering Temperature
19
alro.com
AISI A-8
SHOCK RESISTING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
.55
Si
1.00
Mn
.30
ADVANTAGES
Cr
5.00
Mo
1.25
W
1.25
AVAILABILITY
Limited
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
20
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HARDENING
TEMPERING
21
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RC Hardness
66.0
64.0
62.0
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
52.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
1800 Degrees
1850 Degrees
42.0
40.0
38.0
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
22
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 1800F
Single Tempered Rc Hardness
As Quenched
59.5
300
58.0
400
57.0
500
56.5
600
56.0
700
55.5
800
55.5
900
56.0
1000
53.0
1100
40.0
1850F
Rc Hardness
63.0
61.0
59.5
58.5
57.5
57.0
58.5
60.0
57.0
45.0
alro.com
.0004
.0002
.0000
-.0002
-.0004
-.0006
As
300 400
Hardened
Tempering Temperature
23
alro.com
AISI A-10
GRAPHITIC TOOL STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
1.35
Si
1.20
Mn
1.80
Ni
1.85
Mo
1.50
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
Limited
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
24
alro.com
HARDENING
TEMPERING
25
alro.com
RC Hardness
64.0
62.0
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
52.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
1450 Degrees
300
400
500
600
700 800
900
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 1450F
Single Tempered
Rc Hardness
As Quenched
63.0
300
61.5
400
60.5
500
60.0
600
59.5
700
59.0
800
58.0
900
57.0
1000
50.0
1100
40.0
26
1000 1100
alro.com
.0006
.0004
.0002
.0000
-.0002
-.0004
-.0006
As
300 400 500
Hardened
Tempering Temperature
27
alro.com
AISI O-6
GRAPHITIC TOOL STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
Mo
1.25 - 1.55 .55 - 1.50 .30 - 1.10 .20 - .30
Cr
Ni
.30 max .30 max
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
Limited
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
28
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ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
29
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RC Hardness
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
52.0
50.0
48.0
1450
1450 Degrees
Degrees
46.0
44.0
300
400
500
600
700
800
Tempering Temperature
30
Hardened at 1450F
Single Tempered Rc Hardness
As Quenched
63.0
300
62.0
400
60.0
500
58.0
600
56.0
700
52.5
800
48.5
900
44.8
900
1000
alro.com
.0015
.0010
.0005
.0000
-.0005
-.0010
-.0015
As
Hardened
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Tempering Temperature
31
alro.com
AISI O-1
OIL HARDENING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
Cr
.85 - 1.00 .50 max 1.00 - 1.40 .40 - .60
W
V
Ni
.40 - .60 .30 max .30 max
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
32
alro.com
HARDENING
TEMPERING
33
alro.com
RC Hardness
62.0
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
52.0
1475 Degrees
50.0
48.0
46.0
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Tempering Temperature
34
Hardened at 1475F
Tempering Temperature
Rc Hardness
As Quenched
64.5
300
62.5-63
350
61.0
400
60.5
450
59.0
500
58.0
550
57.0
600
56.0
650
54.0
700
52.5
750
800
50.0
48-49
alro.com
.0016
.0014
.0012
.0010
.0008
.0006
.0004
.0002
.0000
As
Hardened
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Tempering Temperature
35
alro.com
AISI D-2
AIR HARDENING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
Cr
1.40 - 1.60 .60 max .60 max 11.00 - 13.00
Mo
V
Co
Ni
.70 - 1.20 1.10 max 1.00 max .30 max
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
Readily available
APPLICATIONS
Used for cold work tools requiring very long runs and
close tolerances. D-2 has high compressive strength
and is used for blanking, stamping, and cold forming
dies where emphasis is not on toughness. Some other
applications are slitters, punches, thread rolling dies
and trim dies.
MACHINABILITY
36
alro.com
ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
37
alro.com
63.0
61.5
RC Hardness
60.0
58.5
57.0
55.5
54.0
52.5
1800 Degrees
51.0
1850 Degrees
49.5
48.0
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1200
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at
Single Tempered
As Quenched
300
400
500
600
1800F
Rc Hardness
63.0
61.5
60.7
58.9
57.3
1850F
Rc Hardness
64.0
62.5
61.7
59.9
58.3
700
800
900
950
1000
1050
1100
56.0
57.3
58.5
58.9
57.9
54.0
50.0
57.0
58.3
59.5
59.9
58.9
55.0
51.0
38
alro.com
.0006
.0005
.0004
.0003
.0002
.0001
.0000
-.0001
-.0002
-.0003
Tempering Temperature
39
alro.com
AISI D-3
OIL HARDENING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
Cr
2.00 - 2.35 .60 max .60 max 11.00 - 13.50
W
V
Ni
1.00 max 1.00 max .30 max
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
Limited
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
40
alro.com
ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
41
alro.com
RC Hardness
66.0
64.0
62.0
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
52.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
1750 Degrees
44.0
42.0
40.0
42
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 1750F
Tempering Temperature
Rc Hardness
As Quenched
64.5
300
64.0
400
61.0
500
58.5
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
57.0
56.5
56.0
55.0
52.0
48.0
42.0
alro.com
.0008
.0006
.0004
.0002
.0000
-.0002
-.0004
As
Hardened
200
400
600
800
1000
Tempering Temperature
43
alro.com
AISI D-5
AIR HARDENING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Cr
Mo
1.40 -1.60 .60 max 11.00 -13.00
.80
Ni
Co
Mn
V
.30 max 2.50 -3.50 .60 max
1.00
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
Very Limited
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
D-5 should be protected from decarburization. Heat
slowly to 1625 to 1650F. Hold at temperature for
one hour per inch of thickness, and then furnace
cool 100 per hour to 1000F or below. The part may
then be cooled in still air.
44
alro.com
HARDENING
TEMPERING
45
alro.com
RC Hardness
66.0
64.0
62.0
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
52.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
1850 Degrees
44.0
42.0
40.0
46
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 1850F
Tempering Temperature Rc Hardness
As Quenched
64.5
300
63.5
400
62.5
500
61.0
600
60.0
700
59.5
800
60.0
900
61.0
1000
60.0
1100
54.0
1200
45.0
alro.com
.0005
.0000
-.0005
-.0010
-.0015
-.0020
As
200
Hardened
Tempering Temperature
47
alro.com
DC-53
AIR HARDENING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
1.0
Si
1.0
Mn
0.4
Cr
8.0
Mo V
2.0 0.3
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
Readily available
APPLICATIONS
48
alro.com
MACHINABILITY
HARDENING
TEMPERING
520 C
HRC 62/64
968 F
1,030 C
1,885 F
540 C
HRC 60/62
1,004 F
550 C
HRC 58/60
1,022 F
* Material growth .10% to .15% (.001 to .0015 per inch). An optional third temper recommended for intricate high
precision components requiring EDM work or PVD coatings
49
alro.com
9
Toughness (Charpy)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 S7 A2 D2 DC53 M2 LV A11 A11
58RC 60RC 61RC 62RC 62RC 60RC 60RC 63RC
12
Wear Resistance
10
8
6
4
2
0
50
alro.com
51
alro.com
AISI L-6
Mo
Ni
.50 max 1.25 - 2.00
ADVANTAGES:
AVAILABILITY
Mainly rounds
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
HARDENING
52
alro.com
TEMPERING
RC Hardness
68.0
66.0
64.0
62.0
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
52.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 1500F
As Quenched
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
63.0
59.5
57.5
56.5
55.0
51.0
49.0
47.5
43.5
1550F
65.0
62.0
61.0
58.0
56.0
53.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
53
alro.com
AISI H-11
HOT WORK DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
.40 1.00
Mn
.30
Cr
5.00
Mo
1.30
V
.50
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
54
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HARDENING
TEMPERING
55
alro.com
RC Hardness
52.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
1850 Degrees
36.0
34.0
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Tempering Temperature
1850F
Tempering Temperature
Rc Hardness
As Quenched
56.0
700
54.0
800
54.5
900
56.0
1000
55.0
1050
52.0
1100
46.0
1125
45.0
1150
41.0
1200
36.0
56
alro.com
57
alro.com
AISI H-13
HOT WORK DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
.32 - .45 80 - 1.20
Mn
.40
Cr
5.25
Mo
1.20
V
1.00
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
58
alro.com
ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
59
alro.com
RC Hardness
54.0
52.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
1800 Degrees
40.0
1900 Degrees
38.0
600
700
1850 Degrees
800
900
1000
1100
1200
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at
1800F
1850F
1900F
Single Tempered Rc Hardness Rc Hardness Rc Hardness
As Quenched
50.5
52.5
54.0
600
50.0
52.0
52.5
700
50.0
52.0
53.0
800
50.5
52.0
53.5
900
52.5
53.0
54.5
1000
53.0
54.5
55.5
1100
50.5
53.5
54.5
1200
40.0
42.5
44.0
60
alro.com
61
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VISCOUNT 44
HOT WORK TOOL STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
Cr
Mo
.40
1.00
.80
5.25
1.35
1.00
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
62
alro.com
HEAT TREATMENT
MACHINING
63
alro.com
VISCOUNT 20
HOT WORK TOOL STEEL
(FREE MACHINING H-13)
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
.40 1.00
.80
Plus Alloy Sulfides
Cr
5.25
Mo
V
1.35 1.00
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
64
alro.com
ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
65
alro.com
RC Hardness
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
1850 Degrees
38.0
36.0
34.0
600
800
900
Tempering Temperature
66
700
Hardened at 1850
Single Tempered
Rc Hardness
As Quenched
52.5
600
52.0
700
52.0
800
53.0
900
54.0
1000
51.5
1100
45.0
1200
35.0
alro.com
67
alro.com
AISI S-1
SHOCK RESISTING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
Cr
.40 - .55 .15 - 1.20 .10 - .40 1.00 - 1.80
W
V
Mo
Ni
1.50 - 3.00 .15 - .30 .50 max .30 max
ADVANTAGES
Good toughness.
Deep hardening.
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
68
alro.com
HARDENING
TEMPERING
69
alro.com
RC Hardness
54.0
53.0
52.0
51.0
50.0
49.0
1750 Degrees
48.0
47.0
46.0
400
500
600
700
800
900
Tempering Temperature
70
Tempering Temperature
As Quenched
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1750F
Rc Hardness
56.5
55.0
54.5
53.5
52.5
50.5
48.5
47.5
46.0
1000 1100
alro.com
71
alro.com
AISI S-5
SHOCK RESISTING STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
Cr
Mo
V
.50 - .65 1.75 - 2.25 .60 - 1.00 .35 max .20 - 1.35 .35 max
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATIONS
72
alro.com
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
73
alro.com
RC Hardness
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
52.0
1600 Degrees
50.0
48.0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Tempering Temperature
1600F
74
Single
Tempered
As Quenched
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Oil Quench
Rc Hardness
63.5
62.0
61.0
59.5
59.0
57.0
54.5
51.5
48.5
alro.com
75
alro.com
AISI S-7
SHOCK RESISTING AND PLASTIC MOLD
STEEL TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
Cr
.45 - .55 .20 - 1.00 .20 - .80 3.00 - 3.50
Mo
V
1.30 - 1.80 .30 max
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
Readily available.
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
76
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ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
77
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RC Hardness
54.0
52.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
1725 Degrees
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 1725F
Single Tempered
Rc Hardness
As Quenched
60.0
300
58.5
400
57.0
500
55.5
600
54.0
700
53.5
800
52.5
900
51.5
1000
49.5
1100
48.0
1200
37.5
78
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79
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STAMINAL
SHOCK RESISTING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Mn
.55 1.00 .90
Cr Mo V Ni
.40 .45 .13 2.70
ADVANTAGES
Excellent toughness.
Useful in moderate hot work, as well as cold work
tooling.
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
80
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ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
81
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RC Hardness
56.0
54.0
52.0
50.0
1600 Degrees
48.0
46.0
44.0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Tempering Temperature
1600F
Tempering temperature
82
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Rc Hardness
59.0
59.0
59.0
57.5
57.0
56.5
55.0
52.0
48.0
47.5
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83
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AISI A-11
POWDER METAL TOOL STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C Mn Si
Cr Mo V
2.45 0.50 0.90 5.25 1.35 9.80
ADVANTAGES
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
Heat at rate not exceeding 400F per hour to 16001650F and hold at temperature for one hour per
inch of maximum thickness; two hours minimum.
Cool slowly with the furnace at a rate not exceeding
50 per hour to 1000F. Continue cooling to ambient
temperature in the furnace or in air. The resultant
hardness should be a maximum of 277 HB.
HARDENING
84
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TEMPERING
HRC
65
65
64
63
85
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Tempering Temperature, oC
566
538
594
66
64
622
650
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
48
46
44
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
Tempering Temperture, F
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
86
A11
A11
D2
DC53
M2
60RC 63RC 61RC
62RC 62RC
alro.com
in/in
F x 10-6
Temperature
C
Mm/mm/
C x 10-6
70 - 212
5.96
21 - 100
10.71
70 - 300
6.10
21 - 149
10.97
70 - 400
6.20
21 - 204
11.15
70 - 500
6.39
21 - 260
11.49
70 - 800
6.55
21 - 427
11.77
70 - 1000
6.85
21 - 538
12.31
Physical Properties
Density: 0.267 lb/in3 (7418 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity: 7.41
Modulus of Elasticity: 32 x 106 psi (221 GPa)
Machinability: 35-40% of a 1% carbon steel
87
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DRM1
AIR HARDENING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
.6
Si
.2
Mn
.5
Cr Mo W V Co
4.2 1.0 3.0 1.5 2.0
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
Readily Available
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
88
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HARDENING
DRM1 should be preheated at 1742F for 30
minutes then taken up to 2012-2084F. When
part is at temperature it should be held for 20-30
minutes per inch of thickness for material under
4 thick.
Material that is 4 and over in thickness should
be held for 10-20 minutes per inch of thickness.
Gas quenching for controlled atmosphere or
vacuum furnace, should be at 6 bar or higher.
Faster quenching is required to obtain higher
toughness.
TEMPERING
DRM1 must be double tempered at 1022-1148F,
held for 1 hour per temper, to attain 56-58 HRC.
Maximum toughness 600C (1112F) HRC56
Good toughness & wear 580C (1076F) HRC57
Maximum wear 550C (1022F) HRC58
Draws (minimum of 2)
89
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Salt Bath
DRM1
2012-2084F
1922F
1526F
20
min
30
min
10
min
Vacuum
932F
5-10
min
DRM1:OQ
DRM1
2012-2084F
1742F
90
30
min
30-90
min
alro.com
Tempering
1022F 1148F
2-3h
Attainable hardness
DRM1:56 / 58HRC
AC
Twice
Annealing
1472-1616FX2h
Slow cooling
Hardness < 235HB
91
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DRM2
AIR HARDENING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
.7
Cr
5.5
Mo
2.4
W
V
1.0 1.0
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
Readily Available
APPLICATIONS
92
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MACHINABILITY
93
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Salt Bath
DRM2
1922 - 2012F
1922F
1526F
20
min
30
min
10
min
Vacuum
932F
5-10
min
DRM2:AC
DRM2
1922 - 2012F
1742F
94
30
min
30-90
min
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Tempering
1022F 1148F
2-3h
AC
Twice
Attainable hardness
DRM2:58 / 62HRC
Annealing
1472-1616FX2h
Slow cooling
Hardness < 235HB
95
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DRM3
AIR HARDENING DIE STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
.8
Si
.7
Mn
.35
Cr Mo W V
5.5 4.35 .95 1.2
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
Readily Available
APPLICATIONS
96
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MACHINABILITY
97
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Salt Bath
DRM3
2084F
1922F
1526F
30
min
20
min
10
min
Vacuum
932F
5-10
min
DRM3:OQ
DRM3
2084F
1742F
98
30
min
30-90
min
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Tempering
1022F 1148F
2-3h
Attainable hardness
DRM1:62 / 66HRC
AC
Twice
Annealing
1472-1616FX2h
Slow cooling
Hardness < 235HB
99
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AISI M-2
HIGH SPEED STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Cr
Mo
V
.78-.88 3.75-4.50 4.50-5.50 1.75 - 2.20
W
Mn
Si
Ni
5.50 - 6.75 .15 - .88 .20 - .45
.30 max
ADVANTAGES
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
100
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ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
101
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RC Hardness
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
2150 Degrees
2250 Degrees
56
55
54
900
950
1000
1050
1100
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at
2150F
2250F
Single Tempered Rc Hardness Rc Hardness
As Quenched
65
66
900
62.5
63
950
63
65
1000
63.5
65.5
1050
62.7
64.8
1100
61
62
1150
56
58
102
1150
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103
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AISI PM4
POWDER METAL HIGH SPEED STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Mn S
Si Cr W Mo V
1.45 0.25 0.008 0.25 4.50 5.50 4.50 3.85
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
104
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HARDENING
QUENCHING
TEMPERING
105
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Tempering Temperature, C
538
566
594
622
650
1150
1200
66
64
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
48
46
44
1000
1050
1100
Tempering Temperture, oF
106
PM-M4
62RC
M2
62RC
D2
61RC
DC53
62RC
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in/in
F x 10-6
Temperature
C
Mm/mm/
C x 10-6
100 - 500
5.30
38 - 260
9.53
100 - 800
6.31
38 - 427
11.34
100 - 1000
6.65
38 - 538
11.95
100 - 1200
6.81
38 - 649
12.24
100 - 1500
7.00
38 - 816
12.58
Physical Properties
Density: 0.286 lb/in3 (7916 kg/m3)
Specific Gravity: 7.92
Modulus of Elasticity: 31 x 106 psi (214 GPa)
Machinability: 40-45% of a 1% carbon steel
107
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AISI M-4
HIGH SPEED STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
1.32 .25
Mn Cr Mo V W
.25 4.50 4.50 4.00 5.50
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
108
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HARDENING
TEMPERING
109
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RC Hardness
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
2150 Degrees
2250 Degrees
56
110
900
950
1000
1050
1100
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 2100F
2200F
Single Tempered Rc Hardness Rc Hardness
As Quenched
66.0
65.0
900
64.0
64.2
950
65.0
65.9
1000
1050
1100
1150
65.0
63.9
61.7
58.0
66.1
64.8
62.5
59.0
1150
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111
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AISI M-42
HIGH SPEED STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
Co
Cr
1.05 - 1.15 .15 - .65 7.75 - 8.75 3.50 - 4.25
Mo
V
W
Mn
Ni
9.00 - 10.00 .95 - 1.35 1.15 - 1.85 .15 - .40 .30 max
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
ANNEALING
112
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HARDENING
TEMPERING
113
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RC Hardness
114
2150 Degrees
900
950
1000
1050
1100
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 2150
Single Tempered
Rc Hardness
As Quenched
65.5
900
69.0
950
70.0
1000
70.0
1050
67.5
1100
64.5
1150
59.0
1150
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115
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AISI T-1
HIGH SPEED STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
.75
Si
.25
Mn Cr Mo V W
.25 4.10 .70 1.10 18.00
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
ANNEALING
HARDENING
116
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TEMPERING
117
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RC Hardness
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
2300 Degrees
58
57
56
118
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
Tempering Temperature
Single Tempered
As Quenched
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
2300F
Rc Hardness
66.0
63.0
64.5
65.6
65.0
63.5
60.0
57.0
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119
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AISI T-15 PM
C
Si
1.55 .30
Mn
.30
S
.07
W
Cr
12.25 4.00
V
Co
5.00 5.00
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
ANNEALING
HARDENING
120
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TEMPERING
121
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Hardening Curve
Hardeness Rockwell C
70
68
66
64
62
Austenitized in Salt Bath
Band indicates Typical Scatter
60
58
2000
(1093)
2050
(1121)
2100
(1149)
2150
(1177)
2200
(1204)
o
2250
(1232)
2300
(1260)
Hardening Temperature F ( C)
Tempering Curve
70
Hardeness Rockwell C
68
66
64
62
60
58
58
58
850
(454)
900
(482)
950
(510)
1000
(538)
1050
(566)
1100
(593)
122
1150
(621)
1200
(621)
alro.com
Tempering Curve
70
Hardeness Rockwell C
68
66
64
62
Salt Bath Austenitized
2150oF (1177oC)
Double Tempered 2 + 2 hours
Band Indicates Typical Data Scatter
60
58
58
58
850
(454)
900
(482)
950
(510)
1000
(538)
1100
(593)
1050
(566)
o
1150
(621)
1200
(621)
Hardening Temperature F ( C)
Relative Grindability
M2
M32
M7
M42
T15
T-15 PM
123
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AISI T-15
HIGH SPEED STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
Si
1.57 .07
Mn Cr Co V W
.30 4.00 5.00 4.90 12.25
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
ANNEALING
HARDENING
124
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TEMPERING
125
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RC Hardness
67.0
66.0
65.0
64.0
63.0
62.0
61.0
60.0
126
2150 Degrees
900
950
2250 Degrees
1000
1050
1100
Tempering Temperature
Hardened at 2150
2250
Single Tempered Rc Hardness Rc Hardness
As Quenched
67.5
66.4
900
65.0
65.0
950
66.2
66.8
1000
66.1
67.0
1050
65.0
66.3
1100
63.0
64.4
1150
60.0
62.0
1150
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127
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BRAKE DIE
(4140/50 Heat Treated)
ALLOY STEEL
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
C
.50
Mn
.85
Cr
1.0
Mo
.20
ADVANTAGES
CHARACTERISTICS
AVAILABILITY
Readily available.
128
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APPLICATIONS
MACHINABILITY
ANNEALING
HARDENING
NORMALIZING
NITRIDING
129
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WELDING
Use only low-hydrogen welding materials and practices. The usual care in welding alloy steel should
be exercised. This involves pre-heating to 500 to
700F before welding and maintaining temperature
during welding. After welding the part should be slow
cooled or given post weld heat treatment depending
upon the circumstances. Recommended for shielded
metal-arc welding are AWS A5.1 E70XX through
A5.5 E120XX low hydrogen electrodes.
4150
Oil quenched test piece
130
Tempering
Temp. F
Tensile
Strength
KSI
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
346
317
295
270
242
232
207
185
163
138
120
Yield
Point
KSI
334
260
255
236
220
213
194
176
148
125
112
Elong.
In 2 %
Reduction
of Area %
Brinell
Hardness
Rockwell C
Hardness
5
9
10
10
9
10
12
15
16
20
23
8
29
32
37
33
34
46
51
53
61
64
601
578
555
514
477
461
415
375
331
285
241
57
56
55
52
50
46
44
40
35
30
23
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C
Si
Mn
P
S
.15 to .20 .10 to .30 .60 to .90 .040 max. .05 max.
The most widely used general purpose shafting steel.
Used for parts where strength does not require higher
carbon or alloy steels. Easily carburized, responds well
to cold bending and forming.
Cold finishing gives bars a smooth finished surface
suitable for many applications without further machining.
The cold finishing process also substantially improves
size tolerances and concentricity. This dimensional
accuracy minimizes or eliminates the need for extra
machining operations. Cold finishing can include any
of the following:
COLD DRAWING
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132
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Cold Drawn
Size in inches
28% max. carbon 28% to 55% max.
or less
carbon
Rounds:
Tolerance, in inches Tolerance, in inches
Up to & including 1-1/2
-0.002
0.003
Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2
-0.003
0.004
Over 2-1/2 to 4
-0.004
0.005
Hexagons:
Up to & including
-0.002
-0.003
Over to 1-1/2
-0.003
-0.004
Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2
-0.004
-0.005
Over 2-1/2 to 4
-0.005
-0.006
Squares:
Up to & including
-0.002
-0.004
Over to 1-1/2
-0.003
-0.005
Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2
-0.004
-0.006
Over 2-1/2 to 4
-0.006
-0.008
Flats:
Up to & including
-0.003
-0.004
Over to 1-1/2
-0.004
-0.005
Over 1-1/2 to 3
-0.005
-0.006
Over 3 to 4
-0.006
-0.008
Over 4 to 6
-0.008
-0.010
Over 6
-0.013
-0.015
Width governs the tolerances for both width and thickness of flats. For
example, when the maximum of carbon range is 0.28 percent or less,
the width tolerance for a flat 2 wide and 1 thick is 0.005 and the thickness tolerance is the same, namely 0.005.
133
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Tolerance, in inches
-0.001
-0.0015
-0.002
-0.003
-0.004*
-0.005*
134
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C-1018
Finish
CD
T,G&P
Tensile
PSI
82,000
69,000
Yield
PSI
70,000
48,000
Elongation
in 2, %
20
38
Reduction
of Area
57
62
Machinability
% of B1112
78
52
Hardness
SFM BHN
130
163
85
143
C-1045
Finish Tensile
PSI
CD 102,000
T,G&P 95,000
Yield
PSI
89,000
60,000
Elongation
in 2, %
18
2338
Reduction
of Area
45
45
Machinability Hardness
% of B1112
SFM BHN
60
101
217
55
92
197
135
alro.com
Design Tools to
Avoid Failure
Tools and machine parts made from tool steels are
often subjected to high stress in operation. These
parts also have a certain amount of internal stress as
a result of their fabrication and heat treatment. When
these stresses, either singly or in combination, exceed
the strength limits of the steel, cracking, breaking or
warping of the part results. Many fully hardened tool
steels, particularly highly alloyed types, can withstand
relatively high compressive loading, but only limited
tensile loading.
Tool engineers should seek to minimize tensile stresses
through proper design and use of support tooling so
as to permit use of the highest performance die steels
on crucial components. When required tooling designs
must involve significant tensile stresses, then selection
of a tougher tool steel with reduced wear resistance
(most likely one of the shock resisting grades) is
advised.
136
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138
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139
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141
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143
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144
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145
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146
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(1) Added precautions should be taken in weld area
preparation to avoid grinding strain or cracking in
view of greater sensitivity of hardened material.
147
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Decarb free, 125 RMS max.
(Sizes in inches)
1/2 to under 1-1/2
+.010 to .015
1-1/2 to under 3-1/16
+.020 to .035
3-1/16 to under 4-1/16
+.040 to .060
4-1/16 to under 6-1/16
+.065 to .115
6-1/16 and over
+.090 to .140
Flats:
148
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Variation from Size
Out-of
Specified Sizes
Round or
(Rounds or Squares)
Over
Under
Square
To 5/16 incl.
.005
.005
.008
Over 5/16 to 7/16 incl.
.006
.006
.009
Over 7/16 to 5/8 incl.
.007
.007
.010
Over 5/8 to 7/8 incl.
.008
.008
.012
Over 7/8 to 1 incl.
.009
.009
.013
Over 1 to 1-1/8 incl.
.010
.010
.015
Over 1-1/8 to 1-1/4 incl.
.011
.011
.016
Over 1-1/4 to 1-3/8 incl.
.012
.012
.018
Over 1-3/8 to 1-1/2 incl.
Over 1-1/2 to 2 incl.
Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl.
Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 incl.
Over 3-1/2 to 4-1/2 incl.
Over 4-1/2 to 5-1/2 incl.
Over 5-1/2 to 6-1/2 incl.
Over 6-1/2 to 8-1/4 incl.
Over 8-1/4 to 9-1/2 incl.
Over 9-1/2 to 10 incl.
.014
1/64
1/32
3/64
1/16
5/64
1/8
5/32
3/16
1/4
.014
1/64
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.021
.023
.023
.035
.046
.058
.070
.085
.100
.120
149
alro.com
STRAIGHTNESS TOLERANCE
Hot Rolled Steel Bars
Normal Straightness:
1/4 in any 5 ft.
or
1/4 x length in ft.
5
Special Straightness:
1/8 in any 5
or
1/8 x Length in ft.
5
MACHINING ALLOWANCE
FOR HOT ROLLED BARS
Minimum Stock Removal (diameter)
Standard Grades
Resulphurized Grades
2% per side
3% per side
150
alro.com
1,000 psi
745
65.3
712
682
61.7
653
60.0
627
58.7
601
57.3
578
56.0
555
54.7
298
534
53.5
288
514
52.1
274
495
51.6
269
477
461
444
429
415
401
388
375
363
352
(110.0)
341
(109.0)
331
(108.5)
321
(108.0)
311
(107.5
302
(107.0)
293
(106.0)
285
(105.5)
277
(104.5)
269
(104.0)
50.3
48.8
47.2
45.7
44.5
43.1
41.8
40.4
39.1
37.9
36.6
35.5
34.3
33.1
32.1
30.9
29.9
28.8
27.6
258
244
231
219
212
202
193
184
177
171
164
159
154
149
146
141
138
134
130
151
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262
255
248
241
235
229
223
217
212
207
201
197
192
187
183
179
174
170
167
163
156
149
143
137
131
126
121
116
111
(103.0)
(102.0)
(101.0)
100.0
99.0
98.2
97.3
96.4
95.5
94.6
93.8
92.8
91.9
26.6
127
25.4
123
24.2
120
22.8
116
21.7
114
20.5
111
(18.8)
(17.5)
105
(16.0)
102
(15.2)
100
(13.8)
98
(12.7)
95
(11.5)
93
90.7
(10.0)
90.0
(9.0)
89.0
(8.0)
87.8
(6.4)
86.8
(5.4)
86.0
(4.4)
85.0
(3.3)
82.9
(0.9)
80.8
78.7
76.4
74.0
72.0
69.8
67.6
65.7
90
89
87
85
83
81
79
76
73
71
67
65
63
60
58
56
alro.com
.014
.018
.022
.026
.031
.037
.043
.049
.056
.063
.070
.078
.087
.096
.105
.115
.125
.136
.147
.0491
.0621
.0767
.0928
.1104
.1296
.1503
.1726
.1963
.2217
.2485
.2769
.3068
.3382
.3712
.4057
.4418
.4794
.5158
153
alro.com
Weight: (Lb. Per Inch)
Area: (square inches)
Size Square Round Square Round
27/32
7/8
29/32
15/16
31/32
1
1-1/16
1-1/8
1-3/16
1-1/4
1-5/16
1-3/8
1-7/16
.202
.217
.233
.249
.266
.283
.320
.359
.400
.443
.488
.536
.585
.158
.170
.183
.196
.209
.222
.251
.282
.314
.348
.383
.421
.460
.7119
.7656
.8213
.8789
.9385
1.000
1.129
1.266
1.410
1.563
1.723
1.891
2.066
.5591
.6013
.6450
.6903
.7371
.7854
.8866
.9940
1.108
1.227
1.353
1.485
1.623
1-1/2
1-9/16
1-5/8
1-11/16
1-3/4
1-13/16
1-7/8
1-15/16
2
2-1/16
2-1/8
.637
.691
.748
.807
.867
.931
1.00
1.06
1.13
1.21
1.28
.501
.543
.588
.634
.681
.731
.782
.835
.890
.947
1.01
2.250
2.441
2.641
2.848
3.063
3.285
3.516
3.754
4.000
.4254
4.516
1.767
1.918
2.074
2.237
2.405
2.580
2.761
2.948
3.142
3.341
3.547
2-3/16
2-1/4
2-5/16
2-3/8
2-7/16
2-1/2
2-9/16
2-5/8
1.36
1.43
1.52
1.60
1.68
1.77
1.86
1.95
1.07
1.12
1.19
1.26
1.32
1.39
1.46
1.54
4.785
5.063
5.348
5.641
5.941
6.250
6.566
6.891
3.758
3.976
4.200
4.430
4.666
4.909
5.157
5.412
154
alro.com
Size
2-11/16
2-3/4
2-13/16
2-7/8
2-15/16
3
3-1/8
3-1/4
3-3/8
3-1/2
3-5/8
3-3/4
3-7/8
2.05
2.14
2.24
2.34
2.44
2.55
2.77
2.99
3.23
3.47
3.72
3.98
4.25
1.61
1.69
1.76
1.84
1.92
2.01
2.18
2.35
2.53
2.73
2.92
3.13
3.34
7.223
7.563
7.910
8.266
8.629
9.000
9.766
10.56
11.39
12.25
13.14
14.06
15.02
5.673
5.940
6.213
6.492
6.777
7.069
7.670
8.296
8.346
9.621
10.32
11.05
11.79
4
4-1/8
4-1/4
4-3/8
4-1/2
4-5/8
4-3/4
4-7/8
5
5-1/8
5-1/4
4.53
4.82
5.12
5.42
5.74
6.60
6.39
6.73
7.08
7.44
7.81
3.57
3.79
4.02
4.26
4.51
4.76
5.02
5.29
5.56
5.84
6.13
16.00
17.02
18.06
19.14
20.25
21.39
22.56
23.77
25.00
26.27
27.56
12.57
13.36
14.19
15.03
15.90
16.80
17.72
18.67
19.64
20.63
21.65
5-3/8
5-1/2
5-5/8
5-3/4
5-7/8
6
6-1/8
6-1/4
8.19
8.57
8.96
9.37
9.78
10.20
10.63
11.07
6.43
6.73
7.04
7.36
7.68
8.01
8.35
8.69
28.89
30.25
31.64
33.06
34.52
36.00
37.52
39.06
22.69
23.76
24.85
25.97
27.11
28.27
29.47
30.68
155
alro.com
Weight: (Lb. Per Inch)
Area: (square inches)
Size Square Round Square Round
6-3/8
6-1/2
6-5/8
6-3/4
6-7/8
7
7-1/8
7-1/4
7-3/8
7-1/2
7-5/8
7-3/4
7-7/8
11.51
11.97
12.43
12.91
13.39
13.88
14.38
14.89
15.41
15.94
16.47
17.02
17.75
9.04
9.40
9.77
10.14
10.52
10.90
11.30
11.70
12.10
12.52
12.94
13.36
13.80
40.64
42.25
43.89
45.56
47.27
49.00
50.77
52.56
54.39
56.25
58.14
60.06
62.02
31.92
33.18
34.47
35.79
37.12
38.49
39.87
41.28
42.72
44.18
45.66
47.17
48.71
8
8-1/8
8-1/4
8-3/8
8-1/2
8-5/8
8-3/4
8-7/8
9
9-1/8
9-1/4
18.13
18.70
19.28
19.87
20.47
21.08
21.69
22.31
22.95
23.59
24.24
14.24
14.69
15.14
15.61
16.08
16.55
17.04
17.53
18.02
18.53
19.04
64.00
66.02
68.06
70.14
72.25
74.39
76.56
78.77
81.00
83.27
85.56
50.27
51.85
53.46
55.09
56.75
58.43
60.13
61.86
63.62
65.40
67.20
9-3/8
9-1/2
9-5/8
9-3/4
9-7/8
10
10-1/8
10-1/4
24.90
25.57
26.25
26.93
27.63
28.33
29.04
29.77
19.56
20.08
20.61
21.15
21.70
22.25
22.81
23.38
87.89
90.25
92.64
95.06
97.52
100.0
102.5
105.1
69.03
70.88
72.76
74.66
76.59
78.54
80.52
82.52
156
alro.com
Size
10-3/8
10-1/2
10-5/8
10-3/4
10-7/8
1
11-1/8
11-1/4
11-3/8
11-1/2
11-5/8
11-3/4
11-7/8
12
Weight Formulas:
157
alro.com
GLOSSARY
Annealing
Stress Relieving
Hardening
Temper
Fatigue
158
alro.com
Alro Steel
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159
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Alro Steel
Production/Precision Sawing
Production/Precision Sawing to Your Specification
Length...
Surface Finish...
Angle Iron
Square Tubing
Hex
Squares
Round Tubing
Rounds
Channel
Flat Bar
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160
2 5 7 6
Alro Steel
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(888) 888-ALRO
2 5 7 6
E9-13