Chapter 13 - Operator Overloading

C# 30
Operator Overloading 1
C# 3.0
Chapter 13 Operator Overloading
Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel
C# 30
Operator Overloading
O erloading
Operator overloading is similar to C++:
Use intuitive operator syntax on user-defined types
Methods are defined as operators using the
operatorkeyword
Operators
O
t
are overloaded
l d d only
l when
h it makes
k
immediate sense
C# operator overloading is simpler (and

more limited) than in C++
C# 30
Operator Overloading Example

classDate{
{
...
publicstaticbool operator==(Dated1,Dated2){
returnd1._day==d2._day&&...;
t
d1 d d2 d &&
}
p
p
(
,
) {
publicstaticbool operator>(Dated1,Dated2){
...
}
publicstaticbool
bli t ti b l operator<(Dated1,Dated2){
t <(D t d1 D t d2){
return(d2>d1);
}
publicstaticDateoperator+(Dated1,int numDays){
DateretVal =d1;
tV l I
tD
(
D
)
retVal.IncrementDays(numDays);
returnretVal;
}
}
C# 30
Operator Usage
classDateApp
pp {
staticvoidMain(){
Dated1=newDate(1,1,2000);
D t d2 d1
Dated2=d1;
if(d2== d1)
( q
);
Console.WriteLine ("Equal");
Dated3=newDate(1,1,2000);
if(d3!= d1)
C
Console.WriteLine
l W it Li
("N tE
("NotEqual");
l")
d1++;
++d1;
;
Dated4=d1+ 5;
d4+= 6;
}
}
C# 30
Operator Overloading
Operators should
sho ld be defined as static
class methods
At least one of the parameters must be the type
containing the operator
Cannot modify the syntax, precedence, or
associativity of an operator
A
Assignment
i
and
d equality
li are automatically
i ll
implemented for all types
Value types and reference types are different, of
course
course
C# 30
Which Operators Are Available

The follo
following
ing unary
nar operators can be
overloaded:
+, -, !, ~, ++, --, true, false
The following binary operators can be

overloaded:
+, -, *, /, %, &, |, ^, <<, >>
The comparison operators can be

)
overloaded ((in pairs):
==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
C# 30
What Operators Are Available

The array indexing operator [] cannot be
overloaded, but you can define indexers
Compound assignment operators cannot
be overloaded (automatic):
+=, -=, *=, /=, %=, &=, |=, ^=, <<=, >>=
The following operators cannot be

overloaded:
l d d
=, ., ?:, ->, new, is, sizeof, typeof,
&&, ||
C# 30
Overriding Equality
When o
overloading
erloading eq
equality,
alit o
override
erride
q
and GetHashCode appropriately
pp p
y
Equals
Ensure that if a.Equals(b) then a.GetHashCode()
==b.GetHashCode()
()
Ensure that theres a good distribution of hash values
Ensure that operator== and Equalsare in sync
C# 30
Operator Names in the CLS

Operator Sign
+ (binary)
Operator Name
op_Addition
- (binary)
(bi
)
op_Subtract
S bt t
==
op_Equality
!=
op_Inequality
>
op GreaterThan
op_GreaterThan
+=
op_AdditionAssignment
++
op_Increment
I
t
Conversions
+ (unary)
op_Implicit
op_Explicit
op
UnaryPlus
op_UnaryPlus
- (unary)
op_UnaryNegation
C# 30
Operator Notes
Compound arithmetic (e
(e.g.
g +=) operators
are automatically generated
Theres
There s just one increment operator and
one decrement operator
Postfix and prefix semantics are automatically
implemented
The function call operator

p
is not available
C# 30
User-Defined Conversions
Users can define conversions between
user-defined types and other types
But not two system types
Conversions are defined as static

f
functions
ti
One of the parameters must be of the enclosing
types type
Declared either explicit or implicit
C# 30
Conversions Example
struct Celsius{
{
...
publicstaticimplicitoperatorFahrenheit(Celsiusc){
return(((c._temp
t
(((
t
*9)/5) 32)
*9)/5)+32);
}
p
p
p
(
p) {
publicstaticimplicitoperatorCelsius(floattemp){
Celsiusc;
c=newCelsius(temp);
returnc;
t
}
p
publicstaticimplicitoperatorfloat(Celsiusc){
p
p
(
) {
returnc._temp;
}
}
//Fahrenheitstruct definitionisverysimilar
C# 30
Explicit and Implicit Conversions

Declare a conversion explicit if it can
cause exceptions or lose information
(
(precision)
i i )
An explicitconversion must be invoked via an
explicit cast operator
Implicit conversions should not cause any

unexpected
t d results
lt
No exceptions, no precision loss
C# 30
Sequence of Conversions
The compiler will perform a sequence of at
most two conversions of the form:
Basic conversion followed by user-defined
conversion, -or User-defined conversion followed by basic conversion
For a Celsius object that has a conversion

from float
float, this is a valid sequence:
Celsiusc=...;
c=2;
//Implicitint tofloat,implicitfloattoCelsius
C# 30
Chapter Summary
C# operators are
Static methods
Must have at least one argument of its enclosing
types
yp
type
yp
Can be explicit or implicit
Some operators are automatic

Beware with redefining equality and
defining new conversions

Chapter 13 - Operator Overloading

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C# 30

C# operator overloading is simpler (and

Operator Overloading Example

Which Operators Are Available

The following binary operators can be

The comparison operators can be

What Operators Are Available

The following operators cannot be

Operator Names in the CLS

The function call operator

Conversions are defined as static

Explicit and Implicit Conversions

Implicit conversions should not cause any

For a Celsius object that has a conversion

Some operators are automatic

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