Birth:'384'BC

Death:'322'BC

General facts

Aristotle

Born at Stagira.
Father was a doctor.
Most notable product of the educational program devised by Plato-Aristotle
spent 20 years at the Academy.
When Plato died, Aristotle returned to his native Macedonia & became
Alexander the Greats teacher.
Aristotle opened his school called Lyceum. His students acquired the name
Peripatetic from Aristotles habit of walking as he taught.
Father of Logic.
Placed much more value on knowledge gained from the senses and would
correspondingly be better classed among modern empiricists
He set the stage for what would eventually develop into the scientific
method centuries later.

Writings

History states that he elaborated 170 writings. We only know of 47.
Aristotles writings are generally notes about lessons on logic, biology,
metaphysics & math.
His writings are precise like an encyclopedia
The Organon is the name given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics, for
the standard collection of six of his works on logic.
Although he wrote dialogues early in his career, no more than fragments of
these have survived.
The works of Aristotle that still exist today are in treatise form and were,
for the most part, unpublished texts. These were probably lecture notes or
texts used by his students, and were almost certainly revised repeatedly
over the course of years. As a result, these works tend to be eclectic, dense
and difficult to read.
Among the most important ones are Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics,
Politics, De Anima (On the Soul) and Poetics.

Aristotle is known for being one of the few figures in history who studied almost every
subject possible at the time. In science, Aristotle studied anatomy, astronomy,
embryology, geography, geology, meteorology, physics, and zoology.
In philosophy, Aristotle wrote on aesthetics, economics, ethics, government,
metaphysics, politics, psychology, rhetoric and theology. He also dealt with education,
foreign customs, literature and poetry. His combined works practically comprise an
encyclopedia of Greek knowledge.

WHAT DID ARISTOTLE

CRITICIZE THE MOST ABOUT
PLATO?

1.- Rejects the theory of innate ideas Aristotle states that everything that is in
our intelligence has been experienced through our senses. We dont have innate
reason. According to Plato, when a man is born, the soul is locked up in a material
body or prison for the soul. Because of this, the soul forgets the perfect science it
had contemplated. However, innate ideas remain there in the bottom of its
conscience. Man, in contact with the sensible world, wakes up these ideas that
were asleep in his memory. To learn is to remember
2.- Aristotle doesnt accept Platos idealism. There is no separate world of ideas.
The levels of knowledge we acquire are though our senses and intelligence.
3.- Aristotle states that Plato doesnt explain the origin of these ideas.
4.- Aristotle empathized that Plato only wrote about the positive & forgot to write
about the existence of the negative.
5.- Plato was trapped in his myths Remember that Aristotle got on his hands and
knees & observed that world he was in.

Aristotles*ethics*&*virtues.!
Aristotle!applied!the!same!pa/ent,!careful,!
descrip/ve!approach!to!his!examina/on!of!moral!
philosophy!in!his!book!Nicomachea!Ethics!
According)to)Aristotle,)the)virtuous)habit)of)
ac5on)is)always)an)intermediate)state)between)
the)opposed)vices)of)excess)and)deciency.)Too)
much)and)too)li>le)are)always)wrong.)The)right)
kind)of)ac5on)always)lies)in)the)mean.)