2015 - Jastrzębski Et Al. - The Moldanubian Thrust Zone - A Terrane Boundary in The Central European Variscides Refined Based On Lithostrati PDF

Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132
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The Moldanubian Thrust Zone A terrane boundary in the Central

European Variscides rened based on lithostratigraphy and
UPb zircon geochronology
Mirosaw Jastrzbski a,, Andrzej elaniewicz a, Mentor Murtezi a, Alexander N. Larionov b, Sergey Sergeev b
a
b
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Centre in Wrocaw INGPAN, Podwale St. 50-449, Wrocaw, Poland
Centre of Isotopic Research, All-Russian Geological Research Institute, Sredny prospect 74, 199 106 St. Petersburg, Russia
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history:
Received 16 October 2014
Accepted 28 January 2015
Available online 14 February 2015
Keywords:
Rheic suture
Variscan belt
Saxothuringian Terrane
Brunovistulian Terrane
Moldanubian Thrust
SIMS zircon geochronology
a b s t r a c t
The zircon age populations of metavolcano-sedimentary successions in the Orlicanienik Dome (OSD), Star
Msto Belt (SMB) and Velk Vrbno Dome, the Sudetes (Poland and Czech Republic), have been used to rene
the location of the Moldanubian Thrust Zone (MTZ), which is a boundary between the Saxothuringian Terrane
of Gondwana descent and the Brunovistulian Terrane being a promontory of Laurussia. In the northern continuation of the MTZ, a set of multiply activated, regional-scale thrusts developed and brought into contact rocks of
different ages and geological histories. Metarhyolites in the Orlicanienik Dome and the Star Msto Belt
have similar geochemistry and UPb isotopic zircon records, which is taken in favour of their coeval formation
and common Saxothuringian afnity. Felsic metavolcanic rocks from the OSD and from the thrust-bounded
upper and lower units of the SMB yielded protolith ages of 500 3 Ma and 493 4 Ma to 498 5 Ma, respectively, which indicates that metavolcano-sedimentary successions in the OSD and SMB were deposited in Late
Cambrian times. Structurally below these rocks, there are the highly sheared Brousek quartzites with detrital zircons that yielded a maximum depositional age of ~530 Ma. The mylonitic quartzites accommodate deformation
induced by tectonic transport on the East Nznerov Thrust, which is interpreted as the easternmost margin of
Saxothuringia. This fault separates Palaeozoic rocks of the Saxothuringian Terrane from Neoproterozoic bimodal
volcanogenic succession in the Velk Vrbno Dome of Brunovistulia, dated at ~558 Ma. The late-Variscan thermal
events in the Early Carboniferous left imprints in the form of U-rich rims around the zircons of the metavolcanic
rocks from the Star Msto Belt and only a very minor overprint in the zircons from the Velk Vrbno Dome and
Orlicanienik Dome.
2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
The Variscan orogenic belt developed through complex collisions
between the Laurussia (Old Red Sandstone) continent and members
of the Armorican Terrane Assemblage, which were derived from
Gondwana (Franke, 1989; Nance et al., 2008; Tait et al., 1997; von
Raumer et al., 2003). In the Cambrian and Early Ordovician, northern
Gondwana was subjected to intra-continental rifting, which eventually
brought about a bunch of continental fragments separated by marine
basins that were oored by an oceanic crust (Cocks and Torsvik, 2006;
Linnemann et al., 2008; Matte et al., 1990; Murphy et al., 2004; Pin
and Marini, 1993; Tait et al., 1997). These fragments were effectively
separated from Gondwana by spreading in the newly born Rheic
Ocean (Linnemann et al., 2008) and became terranes, which eventually
drifted northwards and nally accreted into Laurussia, completing the
Corresponding author. Tel.: +48 71 3376343; fax: +48 71 3376342.

E-mail address: mjast@interia.pl (M. Jastrzbski).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.01.023
0024-4937/ 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Variscan belt (Fig. 1a). However, igneous and sedimentary records of

those events in individual Variscan terranes are incomplete and not
fully understood. Moreover, the initial positions of these terranes at
the Gondwana margin are also unclear. For instance, in the eastern
part of Saxothuringia, fragments of archaeocyatha reefs were discovered in the Gry Kaczawskie fold belt (Biaek et al., 2010), which places
it in rather low latitudes in the Early Cambrian. Such a location does not
t the palaeoposition of Gondwana and the Armorican Terrane Assemblage in the CambrianOrdovician times presumed by Torsvik et al.
(2012), although it seems feasible according to the reconstruction by
McKerrow et al. (1992).
Among the other unclear issues is the evolution of the Saxothuringian
and Brunovistulian margins and details regarding how they came
into contact in the Sudetes (Figs. 1b, 2). Brunovistulia is a composite
(super)-terrane that embraces at least two (Finger et al., 2000) or three
different terranes of various origins and provenances (elaniewicz
et al., 2009). The western part of Brunovistulia was engaged in
the Variscan orogen as the lower plate during a collision with the
Moldanubia and Saxothuringia (Franke, 2006; Matte et al., 1990). The
M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132
(a)
117
(b)
(c)
Fig. 1. (a) Variscan Massifs and main tectonic boundaries in central Europe (after Linnemann et al., 2008). (b) Terrane map of the Bohemian Massif (after Franke and elaniewicz, 2000).
(c) Geological sketch and schematic cross-section through the northern Moravosilesian Thrust Zone (compiled from Don, 1982; Sawicki, 1995; Schulmann and Gayer, 2000).
thrust boundary was originally recognised by Suess (1912) in Moravia

and referred to as the Moldanubian Thrust. It continues farther to the
north, where in the Sudetes and the ForeSudetic Block, a bundle of individual thrusts forms the Moldanubian Thrust Zone (Fig. 2) (e.g., Don
et al., 2003; Franke and elaniewicz, 2002; Oberc-Dziedzic and
Madej, 2002). There is ongoing debate regarding which of these thrusts
are actually the true boundary between the terranes involved and
where the western limit of Brunovistulia is located (Bederke, 1929;

Jastrzbski, 2012; Krner et al., 2000; Oberc, 1968a; Opletal and
Pecina, 2000, 2004; Schulmann and Gayer, 2000; Skcel, 1979; tpsk
et al., 2006). The problem is complicated because the terrane boundary was localised within lithologically similar metasedimentary
volcanogenic successions that occur in the footwall and hanging
wall (e.g., Koler et al., 2014; Opletal and Pecina, 2004). Despite the
118
Fig. 2. The detailed geological map modied after Don et al. (2003), showing the localities of samples from the Velk Vrbno Dome and the Star Msto Belt.
The courses of the faults and probable faults are from Don et al. (2003), Gawlikowska and Opletal (1997), and tpsk et al. (2006).
similarities, their lithostratigraphic columns are still disputable. Such

uncertainties raise further questions about the lithotectonic correlations and paleogeographic positions of these rock successions at the
margin of Gondwana in the Early Palaeozoic.
This study reports UPb sensitive high-mass resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analyses of detrital and igneous zircons from the
metavolcano-sedimentary successions in the Sudetic sector of the
Moldanubian Thrust Zone (Figs. 1b, 2). The results are discussed in
terms of the complex geological structure of the terrane suture zone,
the signicance of the individual thrusts that form the Moldanubian
Thrust Zone in the Sudetes and the overall role of the zone itself
within the Variscan belt. For a better understanding of both the
pre-Variscan paleogeography and evolution of the suture zone,
knowledge of the protolith ages and (litho)stratigraphy of rock units
in the immediate hanging wall and footwall seems to be of primary
importance.
2. Geological setting
2.1. Rock units and lithostratigraphy
In the easternmost part of the West Sudetes, there is the Orlica
nienik Dome (Fig. 1a), which is assigned to either the Saxothuringian
Terrane (Chopin et al., 2012; Franke and elaniewicz, 2000; Franke
et al., 1993) or the Moldanubian Terrane (Cymerman et al., 1997;
Matte et al., 1990; Mazur et al., 2005). In the core of the dome, augen
and migmatitic gneisses derived from protoliths dated at 515470 Ma
(e.g., Lange et al., 2005; Turniak et al., 2000) were folded together
with metavolcano-sedimentary rocks of the MynowiecStronie Group
(Don et al., 1990; Don et al., 2003) (Fig. 1b). The Mynowiec Formation
is mainly composed of (meta)greywackes metamorphosed to biotite
paragneisses and locally migmatised with minor inserts of amphibolites
and garnet-bearing mica schists (Don et al., 2003; Ilnicki et al., 2013;
Jastrzbski et al., 2014). The Stronie Formation consists of metapelites

accompanied at the base by light and dark quartzites, in the middle by
marbles and scarce calc-silicate rocks and, in the upper portions of the
lithostratigraphic column by bimodal mac and felsic metavolcanogenic
rocks (e.g., Don et al., 2003; Smulikowski, 1979; Wojciechowska, 1993;
review in elaniewicz et al., 2014a).
The Orlicanienik Dome is anked to the east by the narrow Star
Msto Belt (Don et al., 2003; Parry et al., 1997; Skcel, 1989), which consists of separate, westerly dipping lithotectonic units separated by
thrusts (Don et al., 2003; Gawlikowska and Opletal, 1997; Jastrzbski,
2012) (Fig. 2). In the upper, 13 km thick unit, referred to as the
Hranina series (Skcel, 1977, 1979), mica schists intercalated with felsic
and mac metavolcanic rocks, quartzites, graphite schists and marbles
occur, similar to the Stronie Formation to which they are often assigned
(Don et al., 2003; Skcel, 1989). The unnamed unit (middle unit according to Jastrzbski, 2012) mainly consists of metabasites with
MORB-type geochemistry (Floyd et al., 1996, 2000; Poubov and Sokol,
1992) and contains inserts of migmatitic paragneisses (Don et al.,
2003; Jastrzbski, 2012; Parry et al., 1997). In the ca. 800 m thick
lower unit, there are the Skoroice mica schists (blastomylonites and
phylonites), cataclased gneisses, marbles, amphibolites, quartzites and
graphite schists (Don et al., 2003; Skcel, 1977, 1979, 1989).
The Velk Vrbno Dome is composed of mica schists, amphibolites,
quartzites, graphite schists, marbles, metadacites, amphibolites,
metagabbros and retrograde eclogites (Don et al., 2003; Koverdynsk
and Prokop, 2006; Kvto, 1951; tpsk et al., 2006; ek, 1996)
(Fig. 2). Kvto (1951) proposed a lithostratigraphic subdivision of
rock in the dome and distinguished the lower clastic group composed
of metavolcano-sedimentary rocks, the graphite series composed of
metamorphosed limestones and graphite schists, and the upper clastic
group composed of metasedimentary rocks and amphibolites accompanied by dacite orthogneisses. The retrograde eclogites were found in
the upper group (ek, 1996); thus, the eclogite-bearing orthogneisses
are considered by tpsk et al. (2006) to have been thrusted over
the amphibolite-grade metavolcano-sedimentary rocks (Fig. 2). As a result of the detailed mapping, Don et al. (2003) proposed yet another
scheme of the Velk Vrbno lithostratigraphic column in which all
metasedimentary rocks were assigned to one succession, with the
non-fossiliferous Brousek quartzites as its youngest member (Fig. 2).
Fragments of Lower Devonian crinoid fauna found in the marbles of
the graphite series conrm the presence of Palaeozoic rocks in the
dome (Hladil et al., 1999; Koverdynsk and Prokop, 2006).
2.2. Previous zircon geochronology
UPb SHRIMP analyses of detrital zircon grains showed that the
Mynowiec greywackes were deposited in the NeoproterozoicEarly
Cambrian with the youngest grains dated between ~ 565 Ma (Mazur
et al., 2012, 2014) and ~540530 Ma (Jastrzbski et al., 2010), whereas
protoliths of the Stronie metapelites and quartzites were deposited in
the Early Palaeozoic as evidenced by ca. 530 Ma detrital zircons in
mica schists and ca. 520500 Ma magmatic zircons from accompanying
metarhyolites (Jastrzbski et al., 2010; Krner et al., 1997; Mazur et al.,
2012, 2014; Murtezi, 2005). The details of various interpretations of
the protolith ages are reviewed in elaniewicz et al. (2014a). In the
Mynowiec and Stronie formation rocks, two dominant age clusters
were found: ~2.0 Ga and 660540 Ma.
Acid metarhyolites from the Hranina series, the upper thrust unit of
the Star Msto Belt, contain magmatic zircons that yielded a PbPb
evaporation age of 522.5 1.0 Ma (Krner et al., 2000). The middle
unit consists of ca. 500 Ma bimodal metavolcanites and metagabbros,
and migmatitic paragneisses that contain ca. 550 Ma detrital zircons
(Krner et al., 2000).
In the Velk Vbrno Dome, tonalite orthogneisses (metadacites)
yielded a PbPb zircon age of 574.3 1.0 Ma; thus, their precursor
was assignable to the Neoproterozoic (Krner et al., 2000).
119
2.3. Tectonic boundaries

In the NE Bohemian Massif, the boundary between the terranes of
Armorican descent (Saxothuringia, Moldanubia) and Brunovistulia is
equivalent to the boundary between the West Sudetes (Lugicum in
Suess' (1912) and Cloos' (1922) terminology) and the East Sudetes
(Silesicum in Cloos' (1922) terminology) or the Moravo-Silesian Zone
in Kossmat's (1927) subdivision. This boundary has always been
thought to occur in the area east of the Orlicanienik Dome and
west of the Devonian cover of the Moravo-Silesian Zone (Bederke,
1929; Misa et al., 1983; Schulmann and Gayer, 2000; Skcel, 1989).
From the thrusts identied in the area that are assigned to the
Moldanubian Thrust Zone (e.g., Franke and elaniewicz, 2002), various
authors used to single out one of them and claim it the critical border
fault. This role was to be played by the Ramzov thrust or by
the Nznerov thrusts (Fig. 2) as the debate continued (e.g., Bederke,
1929; Cymerman, 1993; Don et al., 2003; Oberc, 1968a; Opletal and
Pecina, 2004).
In the Orlicanienik Dome, tectonic zones of intense ductile
shearing occur within both the gneissic core and schistose envelope,
mainly with NS directed kinematics (review in elaniewicz et al.,
2014a). The westernmost mappable thrust that might be assigned
to the Moldanubian Thrust Zone separates the Orlicanienik
Dome from the Star Msto Belt (Fig. 2), namely, the dome core's
gneisses from the belt's mica schists (Don et al., 2003), respectively
(Fig. 2). The latter form the upper unit of the belt referred to as
the Hranina mica schists (Don et al., 2003; Skcel, 1989). The lower
boundary of the upper unit coincides with another unnamed thrust
(Gawlikowska and Opletal, 1997). Farther east, the strongly sheared
rocks of the lower unit of the Star Msto Belt are bounded by the
Nznerov dislocation zone, the West Nznerov Thrust and the East
Nznerov Thrust (Fig. 2) and are underlined locally by serpentinite
lenses (Don et al., 2003). The West Nznerov Thrust denes the lower
boundary of the leptyno-amphibolite complex of the Star Msto
Belt's middle unit. In turn, the East Nznerov Thrust separates the
Star Msto Belt from the Velk Vrbno Dome (Fig. 2). All these faults
have very strong strike-slip components of predominantly dextral
sense (Cymerman, 1993, 1997; Jastrzbski, 2012; Opletal and Pecina,
2004; Parry et al., 1997), with only partly visible top-to-the-E thrust
vergence (Jastrzbski, 2012) and locally observed WSW-directed
oblique extension with a sinistral component (Cymerman, 1993). In
this area, the main architecture of this boundary zone was established
when the Saxothuringian and Brunovistulian Terranes came into contact in the Late DevonianEarly Carboniferous (Jastrzbski et al., 2013;
Parry et al., 1997; Schulmann and Gayer, 2000).
Within the Velk Vrbno Dome, another nameless thrust was
envisaged between structurally higher eclogite-bearing units and
structurally lower, low-grade metasedimentary rocks that crop out
in a tectonic window (tpsk et al., 2006). To the east, the Velk
Vrbno Dome is truncated by the Ramzov Thrust, which is the easternmost thrust of the Moldanubian Thrust Zone, considered to
be the continuation of the Moldanubian Thrust according to Suess
(1912) and Bederke (1929). The Ramzov Thrust separates the
Velk Vrbno Dome from the Devonian metavolcano-sedimentary
Brann Belt (e.g., Don et al., 2003) and the Keprnk Dome that represents the Neoproterozoic basement of the Brunovistulian Terrane
(Figs. 1, 2) (Dudek, 1980; Kalvoda et al., 2008; Schulmann and
Gayer, 2000). In contrast to the MynowiecStronie Group in the
Orlicanienik Dome, light quartzites dominate over limestones
and minor chlorite slates in the Brann Belt, and the entire rock
group has been assigned traditionally to the Devonian by virtue of
lithological similarities to the Lower Devonian Drkov quartzite,
which were proven paleontologically farther east (Chlup, 1989,
review in Kalvoda et al., 2008) in the folded and metamorphosed
cover of the Neoproterozoic age Desn Dome gneisses (Krner et al.,
2000).
120
3. Sampling strategy
Felsic metavolcanogenic rocks were used to constrain the deposition
time of the sedimentary protoliths from the Stronie Formation in the
Orlicanienik Dome and of the upper and lower units from the Star
Msto Belt. They are volumetrically minor but potentially the most useful for the isotopic dating of the host sedimentary rocks as they are derived from zircon-bearing felsic volcanites. In the Orlicanienik Dome,
the felsic metavolcanogenic rocks are metamorphosed rhyolitic lavas/
tuffs and tuftes (Murtezi, 2006; Wojciechowska et al., 2001), possibly
also including subvolcanic intrusions into earlier deposited pelitic
rocks (Mazur et al., 2012, 2014). To avoid ambiguities in the studied domains from which the samples were collected, the eld relationships
between these rocks and the surrounding mica schists were reexamined to ascertain that the interngering lateral interface of the
two lithological units and transitional rocks represent the original contacts of submarine lavas and tuftes with coeval sediments (Fig. 3a, b).
In the Star Msto Belt, a felsic metavolcanic rock structurally occurring immediately below the E-MORB-like amphibolites was sampled
to constrain the deposition age of the Skoroice mica schist protoliths
in the lower unit of the SMB. Farther east, the Brousek quartzites
were sampled at the East Nznerov Thrust (Fig. 3c) to establish
their maximum depositional age, speculatively assigned to either the
Neoproterozoic or Devonian (Don et al., 2003), and to check their
afnity to either the Orlicanienik or the Velk Vrbno Domes.
In the Velk Vrbno Dome, two samples were collected from a single
outcrop of alternating metadacite and metabasite that belong to the
outer, apparently structurally higher part of the dome (Fig. 3d). Our
eld studies indicate that the collected samples represent a bimodal

magmatic suite, which was assigned by Kvto (1951) to the upper
clastic group that he distinguished. A geological map provided by
this author conrms the interngering contacts of the metadacite
orthogneisses and amphibolites. Our aim was to check whether the
felsic rocks of the bimodal suite in the Velk Vrbno Dome are equivalent
to the felsic rocks in the Orlicanienik Dome and in the Star Msto
Belt, or if they differ in terms of protolith age and provenance. Differences would support the interpretation that the Sudetic sector of the
Moldanubian Thrust Zone actually does separate different terranes.
4. Analytical methods
Zircons were extracted from six rock samples (Gn1, OS179, OS326,
OS335/1, OS335/2 and B27) using standard magnetic separation techniques. The zircons were handpicked under a microscope, mounted in
epoxy resin and polished to expose their interior. Transmitted and
reected light photomicrographs and cathodoluminescence images
were taken for analytical spot selection guidance, to avoid cracks and inclusions in the grains that were selected for SHRIMP analysis. Approximately 6070 representative crystals from the studied samples were
mounted in the puck, with the exception of sample B27, for which 170
grains were selected.
The SIMS SHRIMP II instrument at the Centre of Isotopic Research of
the All-Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), St. Petersburg,
was used to perform in situ UPb analyses by applying a secondary
electron multiplier in a peak-jumping mode following the procedure
described in Williams (1998) and in Larionov et al. (2004). A primary
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Fig. 3. Geological positions of the dated rocks. (a) Interlayers of the metavolcanic rocks and metatuftes from the Stronie Formation in the Orlicanienik Dome and (b) the upper unit of
the Star Msto Belt. (c) Mylonitic Brousek quartzites situated near the East Nznerov Thrust. (d) Bimodal metavolcanites of the structurally upper part of the Velk Vrbno Dome (samples
GS335/1 (metadacite) and GS335/2 (metabasalt)).
beam of molecular oxygen bombarded the zircon to sputter secondary

ions. The elliptical analytical spots were ca. 27 20 m, and the corresponding ion current was ca. 4 nA. The sputtered secondary ions were
extracted at 10 kV. The 80-m wide slit of the secondary ion source, in
combination with a 100-m multiplier slit, allowed a mass-resolution
of M/M 5000 (1% valley) so that all the possible isobaric interferences were resolved. One-minute rastering over a rectangular area of
ca. 60 50 m was employed before each analysis to remove the gold
coating and any possible surface contamination with common Pb.
The following ion species were acquired in sequence: 196(Zr2O)
204
Pb-background (ca. 204.5 AMU)206Pb207Pb208Pb238U248ThO
254
UO, with an integration time ranging from 2 to 20 s. Four cycles for
each analysis were recorded. Every fth measurement was carried out
on the zircon Pb/U standard TEMORA 1 (Black et al., 2003), which has
an accepted 206Pb/238U age of 416.75 0.24 Ma. Th and U concentrations were calibrated against 91500 zircon standard. The collected
results were then processed with the SQUID v. 1.12 (Ludwig, 2005a)
and ISOPLOT/Ex 3.22 (Ludwig, 2005b) software using the decay constants of Steiger and Jger (1977). The common lead correction was
conducted using measured 204Pb according to the model of Stacey and
Kramers (1975).
5. Description of rock and zircon samples
Sample Gn1 represents a massive metarhyolite from the western
limb of the Orlicanienik Dome, which occurs in a schistose felsic
metatufte that alternates with surrounding mica schists and underlying mac volcanogenic rocks (point 1.2 in elaniewicz et al., 2014b).
In this part of the dome, the two members of the bimodal magmatic
suite form the NWSE elongated belt of discontinuous lenses, tens to
hundreds of metres long, within the mica schists. The sample was collected in-situ in an outcrop on the slope opposite the Zamek Szczerba
hill south of Gniewoszw in the Bystrzyckie Mts. (Figs. 1, 2). It is a
medium-grained rock composed mainly of quartz, K-feldspar, chlorite,
muscovite, tourmaline and opaque minerals. The peak metamorphic
conditions established for the rocks in this locality is estimated to
550600 C/6 kbar (Jastrzbski, 2009; Murtezi, 2006).
The sample Gn1 is rich in clear, colourless, normal- to long-prismatic
and considerably large (up to 300 m long) zircon crystals. Their mean
(a)
121
aspect ratio reaches 3 and, in some cases, exceeds 4. Ca. 70% of the Gn1
zircons are euhedral with well-developed bipyramids and prisms.
Almost the entire zircon population has clear small scale (b 5 m) oscillatory zoning. Some of the crystals have corroded rims; usually, they
also have darker cathodoluminescence rims (Fig. 4). Several smaller
(b 100 m long), hazier, and yellowish crystals with ovoid shapes can
be seen under binoculars in the transmitted light microscope and in
the cathodoluminescence (CL) images.
Sample OS179 is a weakly foliated, felsic metarhyolite from the
upper unit of the Star Msto Belt, collected in-situ near a road-cut ca.
600 m north of the main cross-road in Nova Sennka (Figs. 1, 2). The
sample is a greyish yellow, medium-grained rock composed mainly of
quartz, K-feldspar, muscovite, biotite, garnet, plagioclase and apatite.
The zircons in sample OS179 are transparent, colourless, and usually
long-prismatic. These crystals (mean aspect up to 3.5) are mostly
euhedral, 100120 m in width and 150350 m in length and usually
have well-terminated pyramid terminations. The studied zircons have
distinct oscillatory zoning and commonly have thick, CL dark rims
(Fig. 5). The cathodoluminescence images also reveal the common
presence of distinct angular-shaped or ovoid cores ca. 100 m in
diameter. They are usually brighter and have weaker oscillatory zoning
than in the zircon exteriors.
Sample OS326 is a massive felsic metavolcanic rock (metarhyolite)
that occurs as a few-metre-thick interlayer within the Skoroice mica
schists of the Star Msto Belt's lower unit, structurally at the footwall
of the West Nznerov Thrust (Fig. 2). It comes from an exposure in
the Biaa Ldecka river valley approximately 100 m below the contact
of the mica schists of the lower unit with the E-MORB-like amphibolites
of the Star Msto Belt's middle unit (Figs. 1, 2). The sampled rock is
light-coloured, medium- to coarse-grained and mainly composed of
quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, muscovite, biotite, chlorite and garnet.
Sample OS326 contains clear, colourless, normal-prismatic zircon
crystals up to 250 m long (Fig. 6). They are usually subhedral and
have clear small scale oscillatory zoning. Some of the crystals have
ovoid inherited cores and/or metamict-like rims.
Sample B27 comes from the Brousek quartzites collected at the
top of the Brousek Mt., where the elongated quartzite body appears
at the outer margin of the Velk Vrbno Dome (Figs. 1, 2). It is a
greyish-yellow, ne-grained, mylonitically banded rock composed
(b)
Fig. 4. (a) Cathodoluminescence images of representative zircon grains from sample Gn1 (metarhyolite of the Orlicanienik Dome). (b) Concordia diagrams showing the SHRIMP dating
results.
122
(a)
(b)
Fig. 5. (a) Cathodoluminescence images of representative zircon grains from sample OS179 (metarhyolite of the upper unit of the Star Msto Belt). (b) Concordia diagrams showing the
SHRIMP dating results.
predominantly of quartz (N90%) with subordinate tourmaline, garnet,

white mica, apatite, zircon and opaque minerals including graphite
and pyrite.
The zircons of the B27 sample are mainly colourless, transparent,
and ovoid or slightly elongated; they are 100300 m in diameter
(Fig. 7). The B27 zircons are highly rounded, which testies to the
long duration of sedimentary transport or repeated erosion/deposition.
The zircons usually have an internal zoning, sector or concentric pattern
(a)
and are either CL-bright or CL-dark. A quarter of the zircon population is

characterised by the presence of cores and rims.
Samples OS335/1 and OS335/2 represent the light (metadacite) and
dark (metabasalt) members, respectively, of the bimodal suite of the
metavolcano-sedimentary succession from the structurally upper part
of the Velk Vrbno Dome. Both samples were collected in-situ from
the same outcrop situated 100 m south of the main cross-road in
Petkov on the NE slopes of the Ostrunik Mt. (Figs. 1, 2). Sample
(b)
Fig. 6. (a) Cathodoluminescence images of representative zircon grains from sample OS326 (metarhyolite of the lower unit of the Star Msto Belt). (b) Concordia diagrams showing the
SHRIMP dating results.
(a)
(c)
123
(b)
(d)
Fig. 7. (a) Cathodoluminescence images of representative zircon grains from sample B27 (the Brousek quartzites). Concordia diagrams (b) and age histogram (c) showing the SHRIMP
dating results. (d) Th/U vs. age diagram indicating possible source rocks for the zircon populations. 206Pb/238U ages are used for analyses younger than 1.5 Ga, whereas 207Pb/206Pb
ages are used for analyses older than 1.5 Ga.
OS335/1 is a grey, medium-grained, foliated rock mainly composed of

plagioclase and quartz with some thin, discontinuous laminae dened
by biotitised amphibole blasts. This sample also contains subhedral
epidote grains that sometimes surround angular-shaped allanite cores.
Sample OS335/2 is a dark-green foliated rock with mineral banding dened by ca. 1 mm thick alternating amphibole and quartz-plagioclase
laminae. The typical secondary minerals in the light-coloured laminae
are biotite, epidote and titanite.
The zircon grains in the metadacite sample OS335/1 of the Velk
Vrbno Dome are transparent and colourless, 150200 m in width and
200320 m in length. They are normal-prismatic and have rounded
pyramid terminations. These zircons have well pronounced oscillatory
zoning and more luminescent, U-poor and narrow rims up to 50 m
thick (Fig. 8a).
The zircons retrieved from the metabasalt sample OS335/2 are
subhedral, often broken into fragments. The prism faces are occasionally
preserved. These grains are normal prismatic, similar to those of the
OS335/1 sample, but they are generally smaller, being 100150 m in
width and 200300 m in length. Similar to the zircons of sample
OS335/1, these zircons show strong oscillatory zoning and more luminescent, irregular rims (Fig. 8b).
A supplement to this paper contains the whole-rock geochemical
analyses (major and trace elements) of the dated samples OS179,
OS326, B27, OS335/1 and OS335/2. The geochemical analysis of sample
Gn1 can be found in Murtezi (2006).
6. Results of SHRIMP dating

The SHRIMP data are presented in Table 1 and shown on the
Concordia diagrams in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
6.1. Gn1 metarhyolite of the Orlicanienik Dome
In sample Gn1, a series of 26 local UPb analyses was obtained from
23 zircons. The majority of the euhedral, normal-prismatic, zoned zircons prevailing in this sample were dated at ca. 500 Ma (Table 1). The
robust Concordia age of 501 3 Ma (Fig. 4) was calculated on 16
analyses of such zircons. Three younger dates were outside the error
range of other dates within this population and were omitted, being
most probably caused by Pb-loss. The 232Th/238U ratio for these zircons
ranges 0.30.6. However, another much less populous group of zircons
gave a discordia line that intercepts the Concordia at points constraining
the present time and the age of 581 49 Ma. These zircons had similar
morphological features as the ca. 500 Ma crystals; however, in the
CL images they tend to be slightly darker, more fractured and less elongated. Analytical points Gn1_14.1 and Gn1_14.2 revealed a strong variation in the 232Th/238U ratio within one zircon grain. In the centre, dated
at 597 8 Ma, this ratio had an average of 0.40 for the Gn1 zircons,
whereas the zircon's rim (dated at 329 4 Ma) was characterised by
a very high uranium content resulting in a 232Th/238U ratio of 0.05.
The rst age was established for the central part (point Gn1_14.1) of
124
(a)
(b)
Fig. 8. (a) Cathodoluminescence images of representative zircon grains from samples OS335/1 and OS335/2 (metadacite and metabasalt of the Velk Vrbno Dome). (b) Concordia
diagrams showing the SHRIMP dating results of the zircons.
this short-prismatic, subhedral yellowish zircon, and the second came

from the crystal pyramid termination. The central part of this crystal
had a much higher uranium content of 587 ppm than its rim
191 ppm. Two Variscan dates of ca. 302 and 328 Ma were obtained
for the analytical points Gn1_21.1 (short-prismatic, strongly zoned,
euhedral crystal) and Gn1_14.2 (Fig. 4). Within one of the dated zircons,
we obtained two 207Pb/206Pb Archaean ages of 3071 12 Ma and
2880 18 Ma.
or zircon exteriors gave the CambrianOrdovician dates. Seventeen

analyses within the oscillatory zoned zircon mantles produced a
Concordia age of 493 4 Ma (Fig. 5). These zircons had moderate
and constant 232Th/238U ratios that ranged between 0.06 and 0.22.
Four analyses that targeted angular cores and one zircon mantle gave
a Neoproterozoic age of 572 18 Ma (Fig. 5). Two other analysed
cores gave UPb ages of 614 12 and 733 12 Ma. One analysis was
performed on an ovoid zircon core, which yielded a Pb/Pb age of
2415 13 Ma.
6.2. Sample OS179 metarhyolite of the Star Msto Belt's upper unit
6.3. Sample OS326 metarhyolite of the Star Msto Belt's lower unit
In sample OS179, 24 analyses within 20 grains were carried out
(Table 1). The zircon cores were characterised by 232Th/238U ratios
ranging from 0.53 to 0.90, with the exception of one of analysed zircon
core that yield 232Th/238U ratio of 0.02 (point OS179_10.1, Table 1). The
majority of the euhedral, normal-prismatic, oscillatory zoned zircons
In sample OS326, 17 spots within 16 grains were analysed (Table 1).

An analysis of one inherited core gave a Pb/Pb age of 1849 14 Ma. One
analysis from another core gave a UPb age of 608 11 Ma (Fig. 6a).
One zircon rim with the highest uranium content (3599 ppm) gave an
age of 575 11 Ma, which may be an analytical artefact. The remaining

14 analyses provided the Concordia age of 498 5 Ma. With two exceptions, these zircons had moderate 232Th/238U ratios that ranged between 0.07 and 0.75.
6.4. Sample B27 the Brousek quartzite
For sample B27, 45 analyses within 44 grains were performed. With
ve exceptions, all the analyses are concordant within the error limits
(Table 1) (Ludwig, 1998). More than half of the analyses gave the
Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian ages (from ~672 to ~ 531 Ma). One
Variscan zircon age of 348 4 Ma was obtained in a less luminescent
zircon centre. One concordant analysis gave a UPb zircon age of 992
6 Ma. There were fteen Palaeoproterozoic ages that clustered between
2.20 and 1.97 Ga. One core of the rounded grain yielded an age of
2.47 Ga, the oldest obtained in this sample. The Palaeoproterozoic zircons have 232Th/238U ratios broadly ranging from 0.05 to 1.17. On the
other hand, the Neoproterozoic/Early Cambrian zircons had more
varied 232Th/238U ratios that ranged from 0.02 to 2.05 (Fig. 7, Table 1).
6.5. Sample OS335/1 metadacite of the Velk Vrbno Dome
Fourteen analyses spots within 12 grains were carried out in the sample OS335/1. Twelve analytical spots were located in the internal parts of
the zircons, and they gave the Concordia age of 558 4 Ma. These zircons
had moderate 232Th/238U ratios that ranged between 0.21 and 0.78. Two
highly discordant UPb zircon ages of ~315 and ~367 Ma were obtained
from the thin, U-poor rims of the zircons of this sample (Fig. 8a).
6.6. Sample OS335/2 metabasalt of the Velk Vrbno Dome
In sample OS335/2, 13 spots within 12 grains were analysed. The
dating of 12 oscillatory-zoned zircons provided a concordia age of
557 4 Ma (Fig. 8b). The 232Th/238U ratios of these zircons were comparable to, but slightly higher (0.460.85) than, those of the zircons
from sample OS335/1. The discordant analytical result obtained from a
CL-bright zircon rim corresponds to an UPb age of ca. 362 Ma.
7. Discussion
7.1. OSD and SMB as parts of Saxothuringia
The metavolcano-sedimentary Stronie Fm. in the Orlicanienik
Dome and the upper unit of the Star Msto Belt (Hranina series
of Skcel, 1989) reveal similar lithological and tectonometamorphic development (Don et al., 2003; Jastrzbski, 2012; Skcel, 1989). The geochemical characteristics of the felsic metavolcanic rocks from the Star
Msto Belt and the Orlicanienik Dome are also alike (Murtezi,
2006). Our new data further reveal that the zircon populations from
the metarhyolites of the two units are similar in their average size, morphological characteristics and SIMS UPb ages. In the analysed zircons
from samples Gn1 and OS179, magmatic outgrowths with clear oscillatory zoning yielded concordant ages of 500 3 Ma and 493 4 Ma, respectively. Such dates correspond well to the UPb zircon SHRIMP ages
obtained for the Gniewoszw metarhyolites (Mazur et al., 2014;
Murtezi, 2006), but are ~2025 Ma younger than the PbPb evaporation
ages of zircons from the felsic rocks of the Star Msto Belt (Krner et al.,
2000) and the Orlicanienik Dome (Krner et al., 1997). Metarhyolite
from the Skoroice Fm. of the Star Msto Belt's lower unit, sample
OS326, also gave the UPb zircon concordia age of 498 5 Ma. All the
~500490 Ma ages are interpreted as the time of zircon crystallisation
from a felsic melt during volcanic eruption, thus as deposition time of
the host metasediments.
In the Stronie Fm. and the Hranina Fm., massive felsic metaigneous
bodies (lava ows) may occur in mica schists and in schistose
metatuftic envelopes (Fig. 3a, b) (Murtezi, 2006; Smulikowski, 1979;
125
Wojciechowska, 1972, 1989) or alternate with mac metavolcanogenic

rocks (point 1.2 in elaniewicz et al., 2014b), which points to bimodality
of the ~ 500 Ma volcanic suite commonly reported from elsewhere in
Saxothuringia. In the OSD, the bimodal volcanic rocks mainly occur in
higher parts of the lithostratigraphic column for the Stronie Fm. (see
elaniewicz et al., 2014a) metapelites (Fig. 9). Occasionally, pelitic
sediments may have been cut by felsic (Mazur et al., 2012, 2014) or
mac veins (volcano feeders) but such cases are difcult to prove because
later shearing may have obliterated originally unconformable contacts.
The youngest detrital zircons in the Mynowiec Formation found by
Mazur et al. (2012, 2014) are ca. 560 Ma, whereas Jastrzbski et al.
(2010) reported the ages as young as 540530 Ma, which overlap
with the 530520 Ma ages of detrital zircons in the mica schists of the
Stronie Fm. (Jastrzbski et al., 2010). Fischer (1936) and Don et al.
(2003) proposed an unconformity between rocks of the Mynowiec
Fm. and the Stronie Fm. On the other hand, numerous detailed petrographic and eld works indicated that the observed rock succession
of the MynowiecStronie Group presumably reects environmental
changes in a single transient sedimentary basin (e.g., Cwojdziski,
1977; Jastrzbski et al., 2014; Oberc, 1968b; Smulikowski, 1979;
Wojciechowska, 1993). Our new UPb zircon ages are consistent with
the earlier zircon SHRIMP data for the Stronie Fm. rocks (Jastrzbski
et al., 2010) and corroborate inferences based on problematic fossils
from the Stronie Fm. quartzites and marbles (Gunia, 1984, 1997;
Koszela, 1997) and the Mynowiec Fm. (?) paragneisses (Gunia and
Wierzchoowski, 1979). Therefore, we suggest that the entire
MynowiecStronie Group, together with the adjacent Star Msto
Belt, developed during the Mid-Cambrian through Early Ordovician
(Fig. 9), although the onset in the late Ediacaran cannot be excluded.
The zircons of sample OS179, which have ca. 500 Ma magmatic domains, possess cores that yielded the Concordia age of ca. 575 Ma, and
three euhedral zircons in sample Gn1 yielded an upper intercept age
of ~581 Ma. Such data indicate that the ca. 500 Ma felsic magma must
have been derived from Neoproterozoic crust which was subjected to
partial melting around approximately 500 Ma and eventually brought
lavas to the surface, where alternated with concurrent pelitic and carbonate sediments. As carbonate reef deposits require relatively warm
waters to develop, the part of Gondwana that is considered the easternmost Saxothuringian Terrane may have been positioned at rather low
latitudes in the Mid-CambrianEarly Ordovician. Such a corollary is consistent with the presence of archaeocyaths in the Kaczawa sector of that
terrane (Biaek et al., 2010). A quite insignicant volume of basic
metavolcanogenic rocks within the MynowiecStronie Group would
indicate that the latter was deposited either in a basin that did not
reach an oceanic stage, or at least was located far from the spreading
centre. Having taken into account that sedimentation in the
MynowiecStronie Basin presumably ceased in the Early Ordovician,
such data allow us to propose a scenario of an attenuated continental
margin of Saxothuringia which was transformed to a sedimentstarved passive margin with at topography.
In the Orlicanienik Dome, the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the metarhyolitic rocks suggest that the parent magmas
were likely derived through the partial melting of the continental
crust (e.g., Murtezi, 2006; elaniewicz et al., 2014a,b). In contrast
to samples OS355/1 and OS355/2 (the Velk Vrbno Dome), our
metarhyolite samples OS179, OS326 (SMB) and Gn1 (OSD), similar
to others in the OSD (e.g., Murtezi, 2006), show negative Eu, Ti, and
Sr anomalies and a high Th/Nb ratio. The OSD metarhyolites have
within-plate (Wojciechowska et al., 2001) and suprasubduction geochemical signatures (Murtezi, 2006), which would indicate a continental rift-related or back-arc setting, respectively. The latter would be
in line with the chemistry of the siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks
from both the Mynowiec Fm. and Stronie Fm., suggesting deposition
at an active continental margin rich in evolved felsic magmatic rocks
(Szczepaski and Ilnicki, 2014). Such information, in view of the
above mentioned ca. 500 Ma ages of both igneous and clastic rocks,
126
Table 1
Results of UPb dating of zircons from the Orlica-nienik Dome, Star Msto Belt and Velk Vrbno Dome.
% 206Pbc
207
0.0574
0.0576
0.0562
0.0589
0.0575
0.0568
0.0573
0.0583
0.0568
0.0611
0.0588
0.0568
0.0577
0.0563
0.0605
0.0603
0.2328
0.2067
0.0575
0.1064
0.0573
0.0569
0.0573
0.0509
0.0575
0.0572
0.0576
0.0572
0.0575
2.6
3.4
2.5
1.5
2.1
1.4
4.0
1.5
2.3
7.1
4.5
2.7
2.5
3.7
2.5
4.7
0.7
1.1
1.6
5.7
1.9
2.1
1.7
12.0
1.8
2.2
2.0
4.5
2.6
OS179: metarhyolite of the upper unit of the Star Msto Belt

OS-179 1.1
0.07
183
22 0.12
12.2
OS-179 2.1
0.20
417 261 0.65
32.7
OS-179 2.2
0.34
667
47 0.07
45.0
OS-179 3.1
0.00
351
46 0.14
24.1
OS-179 4.1
0.05
1166 137 0.12
78.5
OS-179 5.1
0.00
594 301 0.52
61.5
OS-179 5.1
0.13
581
97 0.17
40.3
OS-179 6.1
0.26
276
57 0.21
19.4
OS-179 7.1
0.06
518
53 0.11
34.6
OS-179 8.1
0.00
120
62 0.53
10.2
OS-179 8.1
0.14
694
53 0.08
48.2
OS-179 10.1
0.84
86
2 0.02
7.2
OS-179 10.2
0.03
366
44 0.12
24.4
OS-179 11.1
0.51
230 200 0.90
19.0
OS-179 12.1
0.41
256
58 0.24
18.0
OS-179 13.1
0.04
213
21 0.10
14.5
OS-179 14.1
0.00
1005
57 0.06
70.7
OS-179 15.1
0.23
427
58 0.14
28.7
OS-179 16.1
0.26
260
22 0.09
19.9
OS-179 17.1
0.00
277
58 0.22
18.6
OS-179 18.1
0.00
412
96 0.24
134.0
OS-179 18.2
0.50
174
22 0.13
11.7
OS-179 19.1
0.11
496
38 0.08
34.0
OS-179 20.1
0.00
492
40 0.08
34.5
0.0604
0.0588
0.0595
0.0569
0.0564
0.0622
0.0571
0.0556
0.0568
0.0638
0.0576
0.0597
0.0569
0.0588
0.0583
0.0579
0.0560
0.0566
0.0587
0.0582
0.1562
0.0598
0.0581
0.0569
OS326: metarhyolite of the lower unit of the Star Msto Belt

OS326.1.1
0.43
304
37 0.12
21.9
OS326.2.1
1.11
1744
20 0.01
124.0
OS326.3.1
0.62
412 299 0.75
28.9
OS326.4.1
0.70
279 152 0.56
23.9
OS326.5.1
0.28
850
6 0.01
58.6
OS326.6.1
0.54
274 234 0.88
20.2
OS326.6.2
0.15
1838
4 0.00
126.0
OS326.7.1
0.34
394
31 0.08
27.5
OS326.8.1
0.44
315
48 0.16
22.0
0.10
372 123 0.34
102.0
OS326.9.1
OS326.10.1
0.43
3599 963 0.28
289.0
OS326.11.1
0.42
369
24 0.07
24.7
OS326.12.1
1.28
100
26 0.27
6.8
OS326.13.1
1.33
99
27 0.28
6.7
OS326.14.1
0.63
193
20 0.10
12.9
OS326.15.1
1.18
116
45 0.40
8.5
0.0583
0.0562
0.0554
0.0579
0.0545
0.0589
0.0578
0.0561
0.0571
0.1130
0.0591
0.0575
0.0506
0.0540
0.0580
0.0584
ppm
U
ppm
Th
232
Th/238U
Gn1: metarhyolite of the Orlicanienik Dome

Gn1_1.1
0.13
271 103 0.39
Gn1_2.1
0.66
623 343 0.57
Gn1_3.1
0.80
1087 137 0.13
Gn1_4.1
0.03
362 220 0.63
Gn1_5.1
0.11
519
72 0.14
Gn1_6.1
0.11
941 486 0.53
Gn1_7.1
0.37
201
57 0.29
Gn1_8.1
0.01
384 282 0.76
Gn1_9.1
0.31
749 532 0.73
Gn1_10.1
8.52
971 364 0.39
Gn1_10.2
2.91
910 288 0.33
Gn1_11.1
0.21
375 203 0.56
Gn1_12.1
0.19
306 128 0.43
Gn1_13.1
1.05
796 336 0.44
Gn1_14.1
0.72
492 191 0.40
Gn1_14.2
4.87
1444
72 0.05
Gn1_15.1
0.04
587
46 0.08
Gn1_15.2
0.32
191
69 0.37
Gn1_16.1
0.12
578 290 0.52
Gn1_17.1
0.74
139
50 0.37
Gn1_18.1
0.13
429 160 0.39
Gn1_19.1
0.24
710 546 0.79
Gn1_20.1
0.23
667 491 0.76
Gn1_21.1
0.87
266
99 0.39
Gn1_22.1
0.70
613 242 0.41
Gn1_23.1
0.33
615
92 0.16
Gn1_24.1
0.11
418 212 0.52
Gn1_25.1
2.11
490 169 0.36
Gn1_26.1
0.29
415 263 0.66
ppm 206Pb*
207
19.1
42.5
71.0
29.6
37.1
64.4
13.9
27.7
50.7
60.1
68.3
25.8
20.6
50.9
41.3
68.2
255.0
47.5
40.4
12.6
30.2
49.5
46.3
11.0
43.4
42.5
29.5
33.2
29.3
Pb/206Pb
Spot
Pb/235U
206
0.650
0.626
0.585
0.773
0.658
0.623
0.635
0.674
0.616
0.555
0.688
0.625
0.623
0.571
0.810
0.435
16.230
8.220
0.643
1.529
0.647
0.634
0.637
0.337
0.650
0.632
0.652
0.608
0.650
2.9
3.7
2.7
1.8
2.3
1.8
4.2
1.9
2.6
7.2
4.7
2.9
2.8
3.8
2.9
4.8
1.4
1.6
1.9
5.9
2.2
2.3
2.0
12.0
2.1
2.5
2.3
4.7
2.8
3.1
3.3
2.8
3.7
1.4
1.3
2.5
4.7
2.2
6.9
2.4
12.0
2.4
6.6
5.9
3.0
1.4
3.0
4.4
2.6
0.8
7.6
2.4
2.1
0.645
0.738
0.642
0.629
0.609
1.033
0.634
0.624
0.608
0.879
0.642
0.800
0.609
0.772
0.653
0.633
0.632
0.608
0.716
0.630
8.190
0.646
0.639
0.641
3.4
2.6
4.2
4.3
2.4
4.3
1.1
3.4
3.4
0.8
2.5
3.1
10.0
11.0
4.8
7.6
0.671
0.632
0.619
0.789
0.602
0.691
0.634
0.625
0.638
4.970
0.759
0.614
0.542
0.576
0.619
0.674
Pb/238U
err
corr
206
Pb/238U
age
207
Pb/206Pb
age
%D
0.0821
0.0788
0.0754
0.0951
0.0831
0.0795
0.0803
0.0839
0.0786
0.0660
0.0848
0.0797
0.0782
0.0736
0.0970
0.0523
0.5057
0.2885
0.0811
0.1042
0.0819
0.0809
0.0806
0.0480
0.0819
0.0802
0.0821
0.0771
0.0820
1.2
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
0.413
0.388
0.391
0.605
0.476
0.585
0.297
0.599
0.414
0.166
0.288
0.387
0.431
0.289
0.480
0.227
0.860
0.735
0.571
0.253
0.505
0.454
0.519
0.118
0.500
0.433
0.476
0.248
0.395
508.9 5.8
489.1 6.8
468.8 4.7
585.7 6.2
514.6 5.5
493.3 4.9
497.9 6.0
519.1 5.5
487.5 5.0
411.7 4.7
525.0 6.9
494.5 5.4
485.4 5.6
457.9 4.9
596.8 7.8
328.7 3.5
2638.0 26
1634.0 17
502.9 5.3
639.1 9.0
507.6 5.4
501.6 5.1
499.9 5.1
302.1 4.3
507.4 5.2
497.3 5.1
508.6 5.4
478.8 5.3
508.1 5.4
505 57
513 75
462 54
564 32
509 45
483 32
505 88
542 32
485 51
642 150
560 99
485 59
519 55
464 81
623 54
616 100
3071 12
2880 18
510 35
1738 100
503 41
486 46
503 38
238 280
512 41
499 49
515 45
499 100
511 57
1
5
2
4
1
2
1
4
0
56
7
2
7
1
4
87
16
76
1
172
1
3
1
21
1
0
1
4
1
3.7
3.7
3.4
4.2
2.2
2.2
3.1
5.1
2.8
7.2
3.0
13.0
3.1
6.9
6.2
3.9
2.2
3.5
4.8
3.2
2.2
7.9
3.0
2.7
0.0775
0.0911
0.0783
0.0802
0.0783
0.1204
0.0805
0.0814
0.0775
0.0999
0.0809
0.0966
0.0776
0.0953
0.0813
0.0793
0.0819
0.0780
0.0885
0.0784
0.3804
0.0783
0.0797
0.0817
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.8
2.1
1.8
2.4
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.4
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.2
1.8
1.8
0.558
0.481
0.532
0.437
0.784
0.790
0.569
0.389
0.636
0.294
0.603
0.194
0.625
0.289
0.317
0.624
0.776
0.530
0.396
0.587
0.933
0.275
0.610
0.653
481.2 9.5
561.8 9.7
485.8 8.4
497.2 8.7
486.0 8.0
733.0 12.0
499.3 8.4
504.2 9.5
481.4 8.3
614.0 12.0
501.2 8.7
594.0 14.0
481.9 8.9
587.0 11.0
503.7 9.5
492.0 11.0
507.4 8.4
483.9 8.6
546.9 9.9
486.7 8.7
2078.0 36
486.0 10.0
494.3 8.7
506.4 8.7
617 66
559 71
586 62
487 83
469 30
680 29
495 56
436 100
486 48
735 150
513 52
592 270
488 53
559 140
541 130
528 66
453 31
476 65
554 95
539 56
2415 13
595 160
535 52
488 46
28
1
21
2
4
7
1
13
1
20
2
0
1
5
7
7
11
2
1
11
16
22
8
4
3.9
3.2
4.6
4.7
3.1
4.7
2.1
3.9
3.9
2.1
3.1
3.6
11.0
11.0
5.2
7.9
0.0834
0.0816
0.0810
0.0989
0.0801
0.0851
0.0796
0.0809
0.0811
0.3187
0.0931
0.0776
0.0777
0.0773
0.0775
0.0838
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.2
0.498
0.575
0.411
0.412
0.615
0.417
0.850
0.487
0.490
0.931
0.596
0.525
0.209
0.202
0.403
0.274
516.7 9.6
505.8 8.9
502.1 9.2
608.0 11
496.6 9.1
526.6 9.9
493.5 8.6
501.4 9.2
502.5 9.3
1784.0 30
574.0 10
481.6 8.9
482.0 10
480.0 10
481.0 9.7
519.0 11
540 73
459 58
428 94
525 94
393 55
562 93
522 25
454 76
494 75
1849 14
570 54
509 68
221 240
372 240
529 100
544 170
5
9
15
14
21
7
6
9
2
4
1
6
54
23
10
5
127
Table 1 (continued)
Spot
% 206Pbc
ppm
U
ppm
Th
232
Th/238U
ppm 206Pb*
207
Pb/206Pb
207
Pb/235U
206
Pb/238U
err
corr
206
Pb/238U
age
207
Pb/206Pb
age
%D
31
0.10
21.9
0.0554
5.5
0.612
5.8
0.0801
1.9
0.335
497.0 9.3
428 120
14
411
220
6
52
46
59
4
283
29
24
5
142
14
104
421
117
63
96
158
336
25
63
42
78
93
14
665
39
773
443
35
101
129
82
52
137
23
20
35
89
92
95
52
121
236
0.58
0.72
0.26
2.05
1.15
0.99
0.02
0.50
0.06
0.04
0.21
0.18
0.08
0.64
0.89
0.67
0.67
0.77
0.36
0.74
0.33
0.77
0.20
1.14
0.49
0.35
1.47
0.77
0.50
0.57
0.05
1.17
0.77
0.59
0.07
0.34
0.06
0.22
0.74
0.53
0.63
0.42
0.41
0.42
0.51
39.2
23.4
2.08
2.0
3.2
4.8
20.2
46
38.2
46.8
1.84
67.9
14.9
13.9
40.3
15.0
8.2
10.7
38.5
40.7
6.82
7.4
18.5
6.3
17.7
3.9
44.0
5.0
229
223.2
230
27.3
53.1
45.0
262.2
137
140.2
30.3
16.5
58.4
51.2
79.6
45.1
103.8
186.9
0.0533
0.0578
0.0580
0.0522
0.0613
0.0605
0.0586
0.0603
0.0592
0.0593
0.0590
0.0600
0.0596
0.0586
0.0588
0.0608
0.0612
0.0609
0.0602
0.0605
0.0614
0.0593
0.0613
0.0592
0.0596
0.0608
0.0591
0.0576
0.0727
0.1209
0.1274
0.1211
0.1268
0.1251
0.1270
0.1286
0.1255
0.1323
0.1293
0.1331
0.1331
0.1364
0.1353
0.1374
0.1610
13.0
2.7
59.0
27.3
3.7
3.2
3.2
1.4
1.5
1.7
18.0
1.3
8.3
3.5
1.8
2.8
8.5
2.8
1.6
1.5
3.0
7.3
2.8
7.8
3.5
8.7
4.2
11.0
1.6
0.5
0.4
2.0
0.9
1.0
0.6
0.6
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.408
0.685
0.690
0.631
0.763
0.766
0.744
0.766
0.757
0.764
0.760
0.785
0.785
0.774
0.778
0.814
0.824
0.822
0.825
0.839
0.852
0.828
0.858
0.841
0.858
0.880
0.892
0.873
1.666
5.414
6.162
5.934
6.236
6.252
6.499
6.732
6.629
7.062
6.937
7.141
7.201
7.400
7.440
7.658
10.112
13.0
2.9
59.0
27.4
4.0
3.4
3.4
1.6
1.6
1.9
18.0
1.5
8.4
3.7
2.0
3.0
8.6
3.0
1.9
1.7
3.2
7.4
2.9
7.9
3.7
8.8
4.2
11.2
1.7
0.8
0.8
2.3
1.2
1.3
0.9
0.9
1.4
1.9
1.9
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.4
0.9
0.9
0.0556
0.0859
0.0869
0.0878
0.0902
0.0919
0.0921
0.0921
0.0928
0.0934
0.0940
0.0949
0.0955
0.0957
0.0961
0.0971
0.0976
0.0979
0.0994
0.1006
0.1006
0.1013
0.1016
0.1030
0.1045
0.1049
0.1095
0.1100
0.1664
0.3249
0.3509
0.3555
0.3568
0.3624
0.3711
0.3798
0.3832
0.3872
0.3890
0.3892
0.3923
0.3934
0.3985
0.4041
0.4555
1.1
0.9
4.7
2.5
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.8
2.5
0.8
1.2
1.1
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.0
0.9
0.7
1.2
1.5
0.8
1.3
1.1
1.8
0.7
1.8
0.6
0.7
0.7
1.2
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
0.9
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.087
0.330
0.080
0.091
0.357
0.340
0.296
0.445
0.447
0.429
0.135
0.540
0.148
0.298
0.422
0.340
0.152
0.337
0.490
0.439
0.378
0.198
0.279
0.164
0.287
0.198
0.165
0.157
0.377
0.819
0.831
0.517
0.690
0.614
0.774
0.782
0.685
0.611
0.588
0.667
0.708
0.733
0.766
0.688
0.821
348.5 3.7
531.3 4.8
537.0 24.0
542.2 12.9
556.7 7.5
566.6 6.3
567.7 5.4
568.1 3.9
572.3 4.0
575.8 4.5
579.0 14.0
584.4 4.6
587.9 7.0
589.4 6.2
591.4 4.7
597.5 5.8
600.2 7.5
602.0 5.9
610.7 5.3
617.8 4.3
618.1 7.2
622.0 8.7
623.8 4.9
632.2 7.8
640.5 6.4
643.0 10.7
669.6 4.4
672.6 11.2
992.0 5.8
1813.4 10.9
1939.0 11.0
1960.6 20.1
1967.0 14.0
1993.5 13.5
2034.6 12.8
2075.0 12.0
2091.3 17.2
2109.9 20.7
2118.2 20.2
2119.3 17.2
2133.3 19.2
2138.4 15.6
2162.0 19.0
2188.0 11.9
2419.5 15.1
340 280
523 59
510 1300
292 623
650 79
621 69
553 71
614 31
573 32
577 38
568 390
605 28
590 180
552 77
558 39
631 61
647 182
637 61
611 35
623 32
655 64
577 158
648 61
575 169
589 76
633 187
570 90
514 243
1004 32
1969 9
2062 8
1972 35
2054 16
2030 18
2057 11
2079 10
2035 18
2128 26
2089 27
2139 19
2140 18
2183 14
2168 15
2195 12
2466 9
3
2
5
46
17
10
3
8
0
0
2
3
0
6
6
6
8
6
0
1
6
7
4
9
8
2
15
24
1
9
6
1
4
2
1
0
3
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
2
OS335/1: metadacite of the Velke Vrbno Dome

OS335-1_1.1
0.18
117
31 0.27
OS335-1_1.2
0.36
169
49 0.30
OS335-1_2.1
0.11
246
88 0.37
OS335-1_3.1
0.63
114
24 0.21
OS335-1_4.1
0.00
380 195 0.53
OS335-1_5.1
0.35
296 113 0.40
OS335-1_6.1
0.16
335 161 0.50
OS335-1_7.1
0.22
134
42 0.33
OS335-1_8.1
0.09
295 122 0.43
OS335-1_8.2
0.00
1
0 0.01
OS335-1_9.1
0.00
2
0 0.01
OS335-1_10.1 0.05
310
92 0.31
OS335-1_11.1 0.31
248 103 0.43
OS335-1_12.1 0.72
136 102 0.78
9.1
13.1
19.4
8.9
29.5
22.8
26.2
10.4
22.9
0.1
0.1
24.3
19.6
10.7
0.0562
0.0570
0.0577
0.0575
0.0596
0.0584
0.0597
0.0581
0.0579
0.1780
0.1280
0.0588
0.0573
0.0611
3.5
2.7
1.9
8.0
1.2
2.6
1.7
2.7
1.8
16.0
14.0
1.9
3.0
5.0
0.694
0.704
0.732
0.710
0.743
0.722
0.750
0.722
0.721
1.400
1.120
0.738
0.723
0.766
3.9
3.1
2.3
8.2
1.8
3.1
2.1
3.1
2.3
17.0
15.0
2.4
3.3
5.3
0.0896
0.0897
0.0920
0.0895
0.0904
0.0896
0.0911
0.0901
0.0903
0.0570
0.0636
0.0911
0.0915
0.0910
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.4
7.3
5.7
1.4
1.5
1.6
0.403
0.460
0.597
0.194
0.735
0.507
0.618
0.487
0.602
0.416
0.388
0.600
0.443
0.304
553.1 8.2
553.7 7.4
567.1 7.6
552.5 8.4
557.8 7
553.4 8.2
562.0 7.1
556.1 8
557.5 7.3
358.0 25
397.0 22
561.9 7.7
564.3 7.9
561.4 8.6
460 78
490 60
520 41
512 180
589 26
54 58
594 37
535 59
526 40
2634 260
2071 240
560 41
503 65
642 110
17
12
8
7
6
1
6
4
6
636
422
0
11
14
OS335/2: metabasalt of the Velke Vrbno Dome

OS335-2_1.1
0.00
210
86 0.42
OS335-2_1.2
0.00
5
0 0.00
OS335-2_2.1
0.00
293 121 0.43
OS335-2_3.1
0.00
195
68 0.36
OS335-2_4.1
0.00
393 184 0.48
OS335-2_5.1
0.19
181
73 0.42
0.00
206
75 0.38
OS335-2_6.1
OS335-2_7.1
0.19
429 352 0.85
OS335-2_8.1
0.13
160
47 0.30
16.1
0.3
22.5
15.3
30.7
13.9
16.4
33.5
12.3
0.0611
0.1055
0.0577
0.0602
0.0587
0.0575
0.0595
0.0578
0.0595
2.2
8.0
1.6
1.9
1.3
2.6
1.9
2.1
2.9
0.750
0.839
0.711
0.756
0.734
0.709
0.761
0.724
0.734
2.6
8.8
2.1
2.5
1.8
3.0
2.4
2.5
3.3
0.0891
0.0577
0.0894
0.0911
0.0908
0.0894
0.0928
0.0908
0.0894
1.4
3.5
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.5
0.545
0.396
0.659
0.615
0.723
0.480
0.594
0.534
0.445
550.2 7.5
362.0 12
552.3 7.3
562.3 8.1
560.2 7.2
552.0 7.6
572.4 7.7
560.5 7.2
552.1 7.7
642 47
1723 150
517 35
611 42
555 28
510 58
584 42
522 47
587 64
17
376
6
9
1
8
2
7
6
OS326.16.1
0.68
316
B27: Brousek metasandstone
B27.30.1
10.44
734
B27.25.1
0.18
316
B27.44.1
15.89
23
B27.26.1
2.24
26
B27.9.1
0.00
41
B27.27.1
0.00
61
B27.17.1
0.23
255
B27.35.1
0.06
581
B27.36.1
0.07
478
B27.28.2
0.10
583
B27.42.1
2.09
22
B27.43.1
0.06
833
B27.32.1
1.79
178
B27.10.1
0.33
168
B27.7.1
0.15
488
B27.21.1
0.00
179
B27.22.1
0.72
97
B27.23.1
0.00
128
B27.40.1
452
B27.41.1
0.06
471
B27.39.1
0.00
79
B27.14.1
0.89
85
B27.1.1
0.20
212
B27.28.1
0.66
70
B27.15.1
0.38
197
B27.12.1
1.10
43
B27.2.1
0.38
466
B27.18.1
0.96
53
B27.34.1
0.62
1595
B27.29.1
0.00
800
B27.31.1
0.05
762
B27.16.1
0.47
89
B27.37.1
0.05
173
B27.4.1
0.00
144
B27.24.1
0.25
820
B27.38.1
0.05
419
B27.3.1
0.07
426
B27.11.1
0.23
91
B27.20.1
0.00
49
B27.19.1
0.14
174
B27.13.1
0.15
152
B27.8.1
0.08
235
B27.33.1
0.04
132
B27.5.1
0.06
299
B27.6.1
0.08
477
(continued on next page)
128
Table 1 (continued)
Spot
% 206Pbc
ppm
U
ppm
Th
232
Th/238U
OS335-2_9.1
0.00
304 134 0.45
OS335/2: metabasalt of the Velke Vrbno Dome
OS335-2_10.1 0.25
428 301 0.73
OS335-2_11.1 0.39
221 106 0.50
OS335-2_12.1 0.25
430 292 0.70
ppm 206Pb*
207
Pb/206Pb
207
Pb/235U
206
Pb/238U
err
corr
206
Pb/238U
age
207
Pb/206Pb
age
%D
24.1
0.0607
1.9
0.772
2.3
0.0922
1.4
0.593
568.7 7.4
629 40
11
33.5
16.9
32.7
0.0583
0.0584
0.0592
1.8
3.3
2.2
0.729
0.714
0.720
2.3
3.6
2.5
0.0908
0.0887
0.0882
1.3
1.4
1.3
0.592
0.398
0.529
560.3 7.2
547.9 7.5
545.1 7
539 40
545 72
573 47
4
1
5
Errors are 1-sigma; Pbc and Pb* indicate the common and radiogenic portions, respectively. Common Pb corrected using measured 204Pb.
Error in Standard calibration: sample Gn1 0.41%, sample OS179 0.67%, sample OS326 0.60%, sample B27 (points B27.1.1 to 29.1) or 0.55% (points B27.30.1 to 44.1), sample OS335/
1 0.48%, and sample OS335/2 0.48%. The error in standard calibration is not included in the errors listed above, but is required when comparing data from different mounts.
% D = 100 [(207Pb/206Pb age) / (206Pb/238U age) 1].
suggests that their suprasubduction signatures have been inherited

from the reworked Neoproterozoic crust. The latter was formed during
the Andean-type AvalonianCadomian orogeny at the Gondwana
margin, which is in line with most paleogeographic reconstructions
(McKerrow et al., 1992; Nance et al., 2010; Torsvik et al., 2012; von
Raumer and Stampi, 2008).
The new zircon ages and geochemical data support the view that
both the upper and lower units of the Star Msto Belt may be directly
correlated with the Stronie Fm. (Don et al., 2003; Murtezi, 2006;
Skcel, 1989) and thus allow to assign them to the Saxothuringian
Terrane. The middle unit, which is tectonically sandwiched between
the upper and lower SMB units, consists almost wholly of amphibolites,
and minor felsic metavolcanites and serpentinites (Don et al., 2003).
Associated with the metabasites are pearl paragneisses that yielded to
migmatization at ~ 500 Ma and their maximum protolith age was set
by detrital zircons at ~ 550 Ma (Krner et al., 2000), thus similar to
that estimated for the Mynowiec Fm. in the OSD. Summing up, the
protolith ages of volcanic and sedimentary rocks are comparable
throughout the SMB and OSD (Fig. 9).
7.2. The Velk Vrbno Dome as part of Brunovistulia
Zircons from the two studied samples (OS335/1 and OS335/2) of
felsic/intermediate and basic metavolcanic rocks collected from the
structurally higher part of the Velk Vrbno Dome, dened as the
upper clastic group by Kvto (1951) and described by tpsk et al.
(2006) as eclogite-bearing dacite orthogneiss with the Neoproterozoic
protolith age, have similar morphology and yielded similar UPb
ages: 558 4 Ma and 557 4 Ma. Their euhedral prismatic forms
characterised by clear oscillatory zoning yielded an age of ca. 560 Ma
for both samples, which is interpreted as the formation time of the bimodal magmatic protoliths in the Ediacaran. This timing roughly coincides with the PbPb age of 574 Ma obtained by Krner et al. (2000)
for metatonalite/dacite gneisses from the upper part of the Velk
Vrbno Dome. Having taken into account the presence of Precambrian
rocks and paleontologically dated Lower Devonian carbonate rocks
correlative to other Devonian rocks from the Brunovistulian Terrane
(Hladil et al., 1999; Koverdynsk and Prokop, 2006), one can suggest
that the Velk Vrbno Dome is a complex structure. In the dome, the
eclogite-bearing units overlie eclogite-absent units presumably due to
thrusting (tpsk et al., 2006), which may have stacked Neoproterozoic
rocks over Palaeozoic rocks (Fig. 9).
Combined with the earlier data, our new results conrm that the
Neoproterozoic basement of the Velk Vrbno Dome is exposed at the
surface and is compatible with the Keprnik and Desn domes located
farther east, which justies the assignment of the three domes
to Brunovistulia. This feature makes an important contrast to the
Orlicanienik Dome, where no Neoproterozoic (meta)igneous rock
is evident at the surface, which is one of the main differences between
the eastern Saxothuringia and the western Brunovistulia. Further
differences lie in the Palaeozoic history of the two terranes. In the
Orlicanienik Dome, the Phanerozoic succession was conned
to Mid-CambrianLower Ordovician rocks, whereas lithology of the
Velk Vrbno Dome comprises Neoproterozoic basement units and

then Silurian?Devonian cover rocks conrmed by paleontological
data (Fig. 9). Rocks of the Velk Vrbno Dome bear no legible records of
Cambro-Ordovician thermal event(s), which additionally suggests the
Brunovistulian afnity of this dome.
7.3. The MTZ as the terrane boundary between Saxothuringia and
Brunovistulia
The results of the present zircon study are in line with the view that
the Star Msto Belt is the boundary zone between the West Sudetes
(Lugicum) and the East Sudetes (Silesicum). It has been recently proposed that metamorphism in this zone climaxed at 360340 Ma during
collision between Saxothuringia and Brunovistulia after the Rheic Ocean
was closed at this sector of the Variscan orogen (Jastrzbski et al., 2013).
Geochemical characteristics of the E-MORB metabasites in the middle
unit of the SMB allows some authors to interpret them as remnants of
an oceanic crust (Finger and Steyrer, 1995; Poubov and Sokol, 1992).
Janouek et al. (2014) also identied the oceanic crust west of
Brunovistulia. Babuka and Plomerov (2013) recognised the existence
of two lithospheric slabs on either side of the discussed boundary,
with contrasting olivine fabrics in their mantle domains, suggesting
the presence of the intervening oceanic lithosphere in the past.
Palaeobiogeographical data also suggest that Brunovistulia belonged
to the southern margin of Laurussia (Kalvoda, 2001), which corroborates the reconstruction by elaniewicz et al. (2009), and was separated from the Gondwana derived terranes by the Rheic Ocean (Finger and
Steyrer, 1995; Finger et al., 1998; Jastrzbski et al., 2013). The zircon age
spectra from Armorica and Laurussia differ remarkably as the latter contains ~1.61.4 Ga zircons which are absent from the former (Friedl et al.,
2000; Zeh et al., 2001). In contrary, Floyd et al. (1996) preferred to link
the SMB metabasites with an ensialic rift basin. Schulmann et al. (2009)
considered Brunovistulia and Moldanubia as crustal fragments with different histories yet derived from the same pinched-and-swelled lithospheric plate. The UPb detrital age zircon study conducted across the
southern sector of the Moldanubian Thrust Zone suggests that the
Moldanubian and Moravo-Silesian crustal segments were close to
each other prior to the Variscan orogeny (Koler et al., 2014). Indeed,
more palaeogeographic data are needed to provide a denite answer regarding this ongoing discussion. Regardless of the distance between
Saxothuringia and Brunovistulia, our new SHRIMP zircon study, when
compared with the published data for the Sudetes (Klimas et al., 2009;
Mazur et al., 2010; Oberc-Dziedzic et al., 2003, 2005), further emphasises signicant differences in the zircon age characteristics between
the two crustal units. Having taken into account quite different geologic
evolution of the OSD and Velk Vrbno Dome as indicated above, all the
above arguments speak in favour of the terrane suture located at the
SMB. The presumed ophiolitic relics of the once subducted and then
exhumed Rheic oceanic crust became tectonically inserted into the
SMB at the margin of the upper plate.
The suture itself consists of several thrust units comprised by the
Moldanubian Thrust Zone (Franke and elaniewicz, 2002). In the
Sudetic sector, the MTZ is a bundle of at least six, WNW-dipping faults:
(a)
129
(b)
Fig. 9. Structure of the Moldanubian Thrust Zone in the walls of its Sudetic sector and the lithostratigraphy of the metavolcano-sedimentary sequences of the boundary zone. The Devonian
ages of the marbles and adjacent rocks from the Velk Vrbno Dome are after Koverdynsk and Prokop (2006) and Hladil et al. (1999). Rocks collected for zircon dating are indicated in bold
font. The schematic cross-section refers to the cross-section in Fig. 1c.
two unnamed faults that border the upper unit of the Star Msto Belt;
the West and East Nznerov Thrusts, the Velk Vrbno internal thrust;
and the Ramzov Thrust (Fig. 9). There is an ongoing debate which of
these thrusts is a front between the two terranes. Our study contributes
to the debate by focussing on a narrow strip of the Brousek quartzite
positioned between the lower unit of the SMB and the Velk Vrbno
Dome (Figs. 1, 2). It contains rounded, long transported or multiply
redeposited, detrital zircons, mainly Proterozoic, but youngest yielding
ages of 540530 Ma. Such Early Cambrian dates can be interpreted as
reecting the maximum depositional age, thus similar to mica schist
protoliths in the Stronie Fm. in the OSD and or SMB (Fig. 9). Nonetheless, the Devonian age arbitrarily assigned to these quartzites by some
authors owing to compositional resemblance to the Brann quartzites
(for review see Don et al., 2003) cannot be entirely excluded. Then
however ca. 500 Ma zircons might be expected in the quartzite as crystalline rocks of that age were extensively present in the OSD and SMB.
Therefore, we alternatively suggest that the protolith of the Brousek
quartzites might have been deposited: (1) in the Cambrian, occupying
a position compatible with the Goszw quartzite at the base of the
Stronie Fm. (Fig. 9), or (2) in the Devonian but only Lower Cambrian
to Neoproterozoic rocks were available at the surface in the source
area for the Brousek basin.
The second option would connect the quartzite with the Velk
Vrbno Dome rather than the OSD. However the rst alternative is
more likely as the Brousek quartzites, similar to the Goszw quartzites,
contain detrital zircons in two age clusters: NeoproterozoicEarly
Cambrian (672531 Ma) and Proterozoic (2.191.96 Ga and 2.47 Ga)
(Fig. 7) typically observed in Saxothuringian units (e.g., Kryza et al.,
2007; Linnemann et al., 2004; kov et al., 2012). The Th/U ratios
between 0.01 and 2.05 in zircons of the younger cluster suggest
Cadomian magmatic and metamorphic events (~ 580 Ma) in the
source area(s) (Fig. 7d, Table 1). The Brousek quartzites, likewise
metasedimentary rocks in the OSD (Jastrzbski et al., 2010; Mazur
et al., 2012, 2014), characteristically lack the ~ 1.61.4 Ga inherited
components, the presence of which is a distinctive feature of the

Brunovistulian Terrane (e.g., Finger et al., 2000; Friedl et al., 2000;
elaniewicz et al., 2009). In Brunovistulia nearby, inherited zircons
of that age were reported from a granitic vein in Neoproterozoic
paragneisses of the Desn Dome (elaniewicz et al., 2005) and from
the 600580 Ma orthogneisses in the Fore Sudetic Block (Klimas et al.,
2009; Mazur et al., 2010; Oberc-Dziedzic et al., 2003, 2005). Summing
up, the Brousek quartzites lithostratigraphically correlate much better
with metasedimentary rocks of Saxothuringia than Brunovistulia
(Fig. 9). Our new data thus support the earlier view (Gawlikowska
and Opletal, 1997; Kasza, 1964) which links the quartzites with the
SMB, though their present position (Figs. 1, 9) is tectonically allochthonous as displaced along the Nznerov dislocation zone (Skcel, 1989).
Actually, it is the East Nznerov Thrust, locally decorated with
serpentinite lenses and structurally positioned below the strongly
sheared and mylonitised Brousek quartzite sheet (Fig. 3c), that appears
to be the most important fault in the Sudetic sector of the MTZ. It brings
the Velk Vrbno Dome of the Brunovistulian parentage and the Star
Msto Belt of the Saxothuringian linkage into the direct contact and,
thus, locates the boundary between rocks of two different terranes.
Another important thrusts of the MTZ bunch are those that separate the SMB middle unit from adjacent mica schists. The presumed
ophiolite relicts were shufed with rocks of the upper plate. These faults
are complex features which carry records of polyphase events rst with
a top-to-the-east kinematics then switched to an oblique dextral strikeslip on the W-dipping foliation planes (Jastrzbski, 2012).
In the Brunovistulian margin exposed in the VVD, undoubtedly important is the thrust fault that presumably separates the Neoproterozoic
bimodal succession from the Palaeozoic succession and is documented
by the discontinuity in metamorphic grades recognised by tpsk
et al. (2006). This feature however was identied by none of the
authors who mapped the region (Gawlikowska and Opletal, 1997 and
references therein; Don et al., 2003 and references therein) (Fig. 2).
The kinematics of the inferred thrust also remains unclear. This nding,
130
however, suggests that the MTZ is a complex structure. Indeed, different

kinematics and PT constraints (e.g., Cymerman, 1993; Jastrzbski,
2012; Opletal and Pecina, 2004; Parry et al., 1997; tpsk et al., 2006)
suggest a prolonged and complex evolution of the MTZ, which was
likely reactivated at different times under various deformation and
metamorphic conditions.
Farther north, the Moldanubian Thrust Zone continues beyond
the Marginal Sudetic Fault (Fig. 1b), but its ForeSudetic part differs
remarkably from the Sudetic sector, partially because the Fore
Sudetic Block is ~ 5 km more deeply eroded than the Sudetes is
(e.g., Cwojdziski and elaniewicz, 1995; Oberc, 1968a). The
SaxothuringiaBrunovistulia boundary is the domed Strzelin Thrust
(Oberc-Dziedzic and Madej, 2002) accompanied by a multiphase zone
across which a footwall of the Neoproterozoic orthogneisses (580 Ma
protolith) with the Devonian quartzite cover are in tectonic contact
with a hanging wall containing ~ 500 Ma orthogneisses and mica
schists (e.g., Klimas et al., 2009; Mazur et al., 2010; Oberc, 1968a;
Oberc-Dziedzic and Madej, 2002; Oberc-Dziedzic et al., 2003). In turn,
the Neoproterozoic orthogneisses are overthrust by eclogite-bearing
schists from the Kamieniec Zbkowicki Metamorphic Fold Belt
(Achramowicz et al., 1997; Nowak, 1997), the presence of which emphasises the importance of the whole zone in the eastern part of the
Variscan belt. The presence of medium- and high-pressure rocks supports the view that the Moldanubian Thrust Zone in its Sudetic and
ForeSudetic sectors is a complex terrane suture resolvable into several
subordinate thrusts.
In the studied zircons, the Variscan thermal event left an imprint in
the form of the mainly Carboniferous, U-rich zircon rims. In the Star
Msto Belt, the episode of dextral shearing occurred at ca. 340 Ma,
which was dated by the synchronous intrusion of granodiorites (Parry
et al., 1997; tpsk et al., 2004). This shearing was likely associated
with the prolonged migration of U-rich uids and/or Pb-loss in zircon
rims, which was possibly triggered by the adjacent intrusion as suggested by 340334 Ma UPb monazite microprobe dates and U-rich zircon rims (Jastrzbski et al., 2013). SIMS analyses of such rims are much
less accurate, with a spread between ~365 Ma and 309 Ma (Jastrzbski
et al., 2013), i.e., between the about peak and cessation of metamorphism in the region. On the other hand, formation of CL-dark U-rich
outer zones is a common feature in felsic melts (e.g., Claiborne et al.,
2006), so could be vulnerable to any overprinting event. However, the
regional pattern of the occurrence of the CL-dark rims in the zircons is
more consistent, as it seems to be controlled by the distance to the suture zone. In the more remote rocks of the Orlicanienik Dome used
in this study (e.g., sample Gn1) and the Velk Vrbno Dome (samples
OS335/1 and OS335/2), the zircon rims are less affected by the Variscan
thermal event. This feature tentatively suggests that the closer the rocks
were to the suture, the more pervasive activity of circulating uids related to the late Variscan magmatic activity might affect the zircon grains.
8. Conclusions
1. The northern continuation of the Moldanubian Thrust Zone localises
the suture after the Variscan collision between the Saxothuringian
and Brunovistulian Terranes, represented by a set of regional-scale,
polyphase thrusts that separate rocks of different ages and metamorphic conditions. In the Sudetic sector of the zone, these thrusts are as
follows from west to east: two unnamed faults that border the upper
unit of the Star Mesto Belt; the West and East Nznerov Thrusts, the
latter located at the base of the Brousek quartzites; the Velk Vrbno
internal thrust; and the Ramzov Thrust.
2. In this set of regional-scale thrusts, the East Nznerov Thrust, considered as a tectonic line localised at the bottom of the Brousek quartzite
body, seems the most important. It directly brings the Velk Vrbno
Dome of the Brunovistulian parentage and the Star Msto Belt
of the Saxothuringian linkage into contact, thus coinciding with the
terrane boundary.
3. In the easternmost part of the Saxothuringian Terrane, the

metavolcano-sedimentary successions preserved in the Orlica
nienik Dome and the Star Msto Belt reveal similar lithological/
lithostratigraphical development and geochronological records.
They were deposited in a rift basin generated along the marginal
parts of Gondwana in the Middle CambrianEarly Ordovician and
were supplied from Neoproterozoic source material.
4. The results of this study, when compared with other studies, indicate
that the Velk Vrbno Dome, which is west of the Upper Cambrian
Brousek quartzite outcrops, represents a separate crustal fragment
of the Neoproterozoic basement without imprints from the Early
Ordovician rift-related thermal events, suggesting the Brunovistulian
afnity of this unit. The intermediate and mac parts of the bimodal
volcanic sequence in the structurally upper part of the Velk Vrbno
Dome dated in this study yielded the same Neoproterozoic protolith
ages.
5. The Late-Variscan, tectonothermal events in the Visean left an
imprint in the form of U-rich zircon rims in the metavolcanic
rocks from the Star Msto Belt and only a very minor imprint in
those from the Velk Vrbno Dome and the Orlicanienik Dome,
suggesting the pervasive activity of circulating uids related to the
late-tectonic granodiorite intrusion in the Star Msto Belt.
Acknowledgments
The zircon studies were nanced by the Polish National Research
Committee KBN grant no. 2 P04D 025 30, by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant no. N307 068 32/4102 and by the Institute of Geological Sciences PAS (task Metamorphism). Parts of the eld
studies were supported through the National Science Centre of Poland
grant no. 2011/03/B/ST10/05638. We are grateful to Ryszard Kryza
and Ji k for their detailed and constructive reviews.
Appendix A. Supplementary data
Supplementary data to this article can be found online at http://dx.
doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.01.023.
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Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

The Moldanubian Thrust Zone A terrane boundary in the Central

Corresponding author. Tel.: +48 71 3376343; fax: +48 71 3376342.

Variscan belt (Fig. 1a). However, igneous and sedimentary records of

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

thrust boundary was originally recognised by Suess (1912) in Moravia

where the western limit of Brunovistulia is located (Bederke, 1929;

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

similarities, their lithostratigraphic columns are still disputable. Such

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

Jastrzbski et al., 2014). The Stronie Formation consists of metapelites

2.3. Tectonic boundaries

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

eld studies indicate that the collected samples represent a bimodal

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

beam of molecular oxygen bombarded the zircon to sputter secondary

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

predominantly of quartz (N90%) with subordinate tourmaline, garnet,

and are either CL-bright or CL-dark. A quarter of the zircon population is

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

OS335/1 is a grey, medium-grained, foliated rock mainly composed of

6. Results of SHRIMP dating

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

this short-prismatic, subhedral yellowish zircon, and the second came

or zircon exteriors gave the CambrianOrdovician dates. Seventeen

In sample OS326, 17 spots within 16 grains were analysed (Table 1).

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

age of 575 11 Ma, which may be an analytical artefact. The remaining

Wojciechowska, 1972, 1989) or alternate with mac metavolcanogenic

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

OS179: metarhyolite of the upper unit of the Star Msto Belt

OS326: metarhyolite of the lower unit of the Star Msto Belt

Gn1: metarhyolite of the Orlicanienik Dome

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

OS335/1: metadacite of the Velke Vrbno Dome

OS335/2: metabasalt of the Velke Vrbno Dome

(continued on next page)

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

suggests that their suprasubduction signatures have been inherited

Velk Vrbno Dome comprises Neoproterozoic basement units and

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

components, the presence of which is a distinctive feature of the

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

however, suggests that the MTZ is a complex structure. Indeed, different

3. In the easternmost part of the Saxothuringian Terrane, the

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

M. Jastrzbski et al. / Lithos 220223 (2015) 116132

Smulikowski, K., 1979. Ewolucja polimetamorczna krystaliniku nienika Kodzkiego i

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