Joyce Ann A.

Mauricio
CBA- LM

Prof. Operario
English 2

1. What is a survey ?
A survey is a data collection tool used to gather information about individuals. Surveys are
commonly used in psychology research to collect self-report data from study participants. A
survey may focus on factual information about individuals, or it might aim to collect the opinions
of the survey takers.
2. Types of Survey
A survey can be administered in a couple of different ways. Surveys may be conducted to gather
information through a printed questionnaire, over the telephone, by mail, in person, by diskette,
or on the web. This information is collected through use of standardized procedures so that every
participant is asked the same questions in the same way. It involves asking people for
information in some structured format. Depending on what is being analyzed, the participants
being surveyed may be representing themselves, their employer, or some organization to which
they belong. In one method of survey known as a structured interview, the researcher asks each
participant the questions. In the other method known as a questionnaire, the participant fills out
the survey on his or her own.
3. How Survey valid and Reliable ?
A reliable survey instrument is consistent; a valid one is accurate. For example, an instrument is
reliable if each time you use it (and assuming no intervention), you get the same information.
Reliability, or the consistency of information gathered by a survey, can be seriously imperiled by
poorly worded and imprecise questions and directions. If an instrument is unreliable, it is also
invalid, because you cannot obtain accurate findings with inconsistent data. A valid survey
instrument serves the purpose it is intended to serve and provides correct information. For
example, if a survey's aim is to find out about mental health, the results should be consistent with
other measures of mental health and inconsistent with measures of mental instability. A valid
instrument is always reliable, too. A reliable survey instrument is one that is relatively free of
measurement error, in which individuals obtained scores are different from their true scores.
4. How to formulate survey question?
Define Your Objectives. Figure out the decision or decisions you're trying to make to
focus your survey.
Work Backwards. Once you've set your objectives, determine the data you need to
gather in your survey to make your decision.
Check for Bias. Make sure you're not asking leading questions.

Do a Test Drive. Send your survey to friends and colleagues for a test run. They'll
help make sure your questions and response options are understandable and all your
survey logic works.
Collect Results and Analyze Data. This is where it gets really fun. The data rolling in
from your survey should help you decide what product to launch next, how to raise
more money at your next fundraiser, what to do to keep customers coming back, what
to serve at your next party and much more.

5. How to write a cover letter?

Try to limit your letter to a single page. Be succinct.
Assess the employer's needs and your skills. Then try to match them in the letter in a way
that will appeal to the employer's self-interest.
As much as possible, tailor your letter to each job opportunity. Demonstrate, if possible,
some knowledge of the organization to which you are applying.
Write in a style that is mature but clear; avoid long and intricate sentences and
paragraphs; avoid jargon. Use action verbs and the active voice; convey confidence,
optimism, and enthusiasm coupled with respect and professionalism.
Show some personality, but avoid hard-sell, gimmicky, or unorthodox letters. Start fast;
attract interest immediately. For more information see Business Letter Format.
Arrange the points in a logical sequence; organize each paragraph around a main point.
6. What is questionnaire?
The questionnaire is most frequently a very concise, preplanned set of questions designed to
yield specific information to meet a particular need for research information about a pertinent
topic. The research information is attained from respondents normally from a related interest
area. The dictionary definition gives a clearer definition: A questionnaire is a written or printed
form used in gathering information on some subject or subjects consisting of a list of questions to
be submitted to one or more persons.
7. What are the parts of Questionnaire ?
Invitation involves identifying how you are going to invite your respondents to answer the
survey questionnaire. Several ways that are commonly used are emails, website links, or online
advertising. By identifying at least one tangible or intangible benefit to respondents for
answering the survey questionnaire will help you compose an invitation that encourages
respondents to click through. A tangible benefit could be in the form of money or a gift; whereas
an intangible benefit is a chance to voice opinions or contribute to research they view as
valuable.
Introduction is The beginning of your survey questionnaire should include an introduction that
is enticing and clearly states the purpose of your research. Because web survey questionnaires
are self-selecting (i.e., you have no control over who chooses to participate), it is important that
your introduction grabs the attention of potential respondents and encourages their participation.

It is easy for online survey questionnaire participants to abandon the process, so you must
communicate up-front why they should help you with your questions. Failure to do so will
decrease the number of participants. The introduction should also include any instructions about
completing the survey questionnaire, and an estimate of how much time it will take.
Question types Based on your feedback objective you have to decide what types of questions
will give you the information you need.
Close. You can include text, instructions, or additional information at the end of your survey
questionnaire. Many surveyors find that the "Closing Text" option under Survey Details gives
them an easy way to thank their respondents for their time and effort.
Sources : http://srmo.sagepub.com/view/the-survey-handbook/n3.xml
http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/survey.htm
https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/CoverLetters.html