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FUNDAMENTALS OF
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL
PHILOSOPHY

CALIBRATION CONCEPT

PENDAHULUAN
Setiap instrumen memiliki paling sedikit satu
masukan (input) dan satu keluaran (output).

Input

Output

Tekanan
Sinyal
Sinyal

Sinyal
Pembacaan
Daya

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PENDAHULUAN
Kalibrasi adalah menera instrumen dengan memakai instrumen
standar. Tujuannya adalah menepatkan hubungan antara input dan
ouput instrumen.

PENDAHULUAN
CALIBRATION DAN RE-RANGING
CALIBRATION adalah mengecek dan mengatur untuk
menepatkan kerja instrumen dalam rentang tertentu (biasanya
dari minimum hingga maksimum)
RE-RANGING adalah menyetel nilai minimum dan maksimum
sehingga diperoleh nilai sensitivitas tertentu

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Hubungan Input-Output

Hubungan Input-Output
Pressure Transmitter

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ZERO ADJUSTMENT
Pressure Transmitter

Span Shift
Pressure Transmitter

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Effect of Linerarity
Pressure Transmitter

Effect of Hysteresis
Pressure Transmitter

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Typical Calibration Errors

If the technician blocks and equalizes a DP instrument and it
properly reads zero, its calibration is probably good across the
entire range.
If the DP instrument fails to read zero during this test, it definitely
needs to be recalibrated.

Documentation

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LRV and URV Setting

LRV and URV Setting

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LRV and URV Setting

DAC Error

ADC Error

PRACTICAL CALIBRATION STANDARD

1) Electrical Standard

Weston cell, 1.0183 V, low uncertainty

and low drift. Sensitive to vibration.
High accuracy digital voltmeter

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PRACTICAL CALIBRATION STANDARD

2) Temperature Standard
For RTD and thermocouple

PRACTICAL CALIBRATION STANDARD

3) Pressure Standard
Deadweight Tester

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PRACTICAL CALIBRATION STANDARD

3) Pressure Standard
Deadweight Tester

PRACTICAL CALIBRATION STANDARD

3) Pressure Standard
Deadweight Tester

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PRACTICAL CALIBRATION STANDARD

3) Analytical Standard
A typical self-calibration system

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INDIVIDUAL CALIBRATION
Disadvantages of Individual Calibration Advantages of Individual Calibration
a. The entire loop is not verified within a. Correct instrument will be
tolerance

adjusted

b. Possible mistakes on re-connect or

install

b. More compatible with

multifunction calibrators

c. Less efficient use of time to do one

calibration for each loop instrument
as opposed to one calibration for
the loop.

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LOOP CALIBRATION
Loop Calibration Disadvantages

Loop Calibration Advantages

a. Wrong instrument may be adjusted to a. Entire loop, including sensor, is

bring the loop within calibration.

verified within tolerance

b. Not as compatible with multifunction b. Mistakes on-reconnect or install can

calibrators used for paperless data
collection

be minimized
c. More efficient use of time to do one
calibration for loop as opposed to one
calibration for each loop instrument.

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