1.

0 Introduction:
For a country, the banks are the heart and soul of the financial system. Therefore, the sound and efficient
performance of the banks are very much essential for the sustenance of the financial system or economy
of the country. Like other organizations, banks are also dependent upon the consumers for their survival
in the market.
Modern banks play vital role in promoting economic development of a country. Banks provide necessary
funds for executing various programs underway in the process of economic development. They collect
savings of large masses of people scattered throughout the country, which in the absence of banks would
have remained idle and unproductive. These scattered amounts are collected, pooled together and made
available to commerce and industry for meeting the requirements. They also serve their social
responsibilities like any other organizations through corporate social responsibilities. Corporate Social
Responsibilities refers to the recognition that business has an impact on society and the consideration of
that impact in business decisions.
BRAC Bank Ltd. is one of those banks that have a lot of programs to develop the country as part of its
corporate social responsibility. It conducts its programs mainly in education, health, Social welfare,
environment, art and culture, and youth leadership. This paper mainly aims to give a general view of the
overall corporate social responsibilities played by Brac Bank Ltd.

2.0 Overview of BRAC Bank:

Today, BRAC BANK Limited, one of the latest generation of commercial banks which started its journey
on the 4th of July 2001 with a vision to be the absolute market leader through providing the entire range
of banking services suitable to the needs of modern and dynamic banking business as well as to promote
broad based participation in the Bangladesh economy through the provision of high quality banking
services. BRAC Bank Limited, hereinafter called BBL, is a fist growing third generation-scheduled
commercial bank incorporated on 20th May 1999 as a public limited company under Companies Act, 1994
with multinational collaboration including IFC of The World Bank Group & Shore Cap. BBL started its
operation on 4th July 2001. The main sponsor of the bank is the BRAC. The Bank is pioneer and focused
on pursuing unexplored market niches in the Small and Medium Enterprise Business, which hitherto has
remained largely untapped. BBL believes, this sector of the economy can contribute the most to the rapid
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generation of employment in Bangladesh. BBL caters the banking services to its rapidly growing
customers through 18 branches and 292 SME Unit Offices.

The unique strength of BRAC Bank lies in the fact that BRAC one of the worlds largest private
development organization is its key shareholder and the banks vision are thus aligned with those of
BRAC. The reason BRAC Bank is in business is to build a profitable and socially responsible financial
institution focused on markets and businesses with growth potential, thereby assisting BRAC and
stakeholders build a just, enlightened, healthy, democratic and poverty free Bangladesh. BRAC Bank
fulfils the purpose by reaching for high standards in doing everything for their customers, shareholders,
associates and communities upon, which the future prosperity of their company rests. BRAC Banks
envisages providing mass financing by increasing access to economic opportunities for all individuals and
business in Bangladesh with a special focus on currently under-served enterprises across the rural-urban
spectrum.

BRAC Bank is surviving in the large banking arena through its unique and competitive products and it is
the only local bank providing 100% integrated on-line banking services. BRAC Bank Limited consists of
four major business divisions namely Corporate Banking Division, Retail Banking Division, Small and
Medium Enterprise (SME) and Foreign Trade & Treasury. Corporate Division provides full range of
commercial banking products and services to any potential corporate clients including multinationals,
large or medium local corporate, NGOs, institutional bodies.
Retail Division offers a wide array of lucrative and competitive banking products to the individual
customers of the bank. Currently there are six lending products and a number of other attractive new
products will be launched shortly. It also offers different types of term deposit scheme and attractive STD
& Savings deposit schemes giving interest on daily balance.

3.0 CSR of Brac Bank:

The CSR activities of Brac Bank are described below:

3.1 Education:
Education enlightens people and society. It is the backbone of a nation. BRAC Bank puts
immense priority on education in light with the vision of the bank for an enlightened Bangladesh.
The bank extends its support to education initiatives to realize potentials of students with
exceptional merit and intellect. The stories say it all.

At a glance
Program

Purpose

BRAC Bank -- Prothom Alo Trust

To help poor students realize

Beneficiary

224 students
Adamya Medhabi

Dreams

Patuakhali Journalist Scholarship

To support children of journalists

200 students

Biochemistry Olympiad

To inspire science education

1,200 students

The Daily Star O & A Level Award

To inspire nation builders of

5,000 studetns

Ceremony

Tomorrow

Tetulia Pilot High School

To inspire meritorious female

25 students

Scholarship

students to continue studies

3.2 Health:
Besides core business, the bank carries a strong emphasis on Corporate Social Responsibilityinitiatives a part of which is Health Care to support country people and protect the planet. Health
related issues come thrice in the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that have being
taken by the United Nations. The health crisis is evident in countries like Bangladesh. So, BRAC
Bank set top priority on health initiatives. We invest in areas where it is needed most. Together
we envision a healthy Bangladesh. Following stories will tell about healthcare efforts of the
bank:

Awareness creation about Autism:

To protect the world wide autism victim children and create awareness among the people of the
country BRAC Bank has launched many programs. Their slogan is:Love is the best serum for
Autistic children. Autism is not a disease or disability. Repetition of activities, avoiding eye
contact, no response while called in, tendency to be alone or avoiding interaction with others,
serious opposition to changes are some of the symptoms of autism. There is misconception about
autism in our society. According to medical science, autism is not a disease or any kind of
mental disability. Awareness and love of parents, relatives, teachers and people around can help
the children lead a normal life.
To develop a sustainable help for autistic children BRAC Bank is working with Society for
Welfare of Autistic Children (SWAC). BRAC Bank is providing help to the schools, operated by
SWAC and to develop a nationwide awareness about autism.

Kidney Foundation:

Another significant of BRAC Bank regarding performing Corporate Social Responsibility is

supporting the Kidney Foundation Hospital. They say that the priceless smiles of patients at
Kidney Foundation Hospital make them happy for being a proud partner of the institute. They
also support many patients by financing them for better treatment.

Nurture:

BRAC Bank also helps poor and disabled patients by providing financial support. They often
provide free treatment to disabled and paralyzed patients, provide medicines at free of cost and
blood donation by employees.

Facilitating Higher Education in Nursing:

BRAC Bank Limited has extended support for facilitating higher education in medical nursing
at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) for the second year. With the
support, 50 students of Graduate Nursing Department will get residential facilities. The
department was introduced two years back for development of professional nursing in
Bangladesh. This is the second year of support to Graduate Nursing Department. Previously,
BRAC Bank extended financial assistance for two generators to the department for uninterrupted
power supply. BRAC Bank nurtures and supports CSR projects for longer period to ensure
lasting impact on society.
In line with 3P Philosophy (People, Planet and Profit), BRAC Bank, being a socially responsible
bank, always comes forward to take initiatives to support health sectors. This little support may
go a long way for development of professional nursing in the country.

Healthcare to Garment Workers:

With purpose to protect the health of the working people BRAC Bank supports Health Care
activities in many garment factories by providing financial support, generating awareness among
garments workers through free seminars, discussions on earthquake, fire incident etc. which in
the long run supports the growth of the countrys economy by saving the labor force.

Besides these activities there are some other programs also that they initiate for health care,
which are given in the following table:

Program

Purpose

Beneficiary

Autism

Awareness Creation

Whole country

Kidney Foundation

Emergency Kidney care

All patients visiting the

facility

Free treatment for

Nurture

1,260 people

disabled and paralyzed

Hicare

Support to BSMMU To facilitate higher education 50 nurses

Teachers Salary

on nursing education

Healthcare

110 teachers

in nursing

to Health awareness creation

300 garment workers

garment workers

3.3 Social Welfare:

BRAC Bank is a socially responsible bank. The Bank feels that it must do something for welfare
of the community it works with and the society it works in. The bank comes forward for
humanitarian cause with passion and affection. There are some welfare works which are few of
many social commitments that this bank fulfills.

Standing beside Savar Victims:

BRAC Bank stood beside the victims and families of Savar building collapse incident. BRAC
Bank has donated Tk. 1 crore to Prime Ministers Relief Fund for rehabilitation of Savar victims.
Mr. Shib Narayan Kairy, Director, BRAC Bank Limited, handed over the cheque to Prime
Minister Sheikh Hasina. BRAC Bank also undertook a number of initiatives to help the Savar
victims that included blood donation by employees, donation of one day salary by all employees,
medicines for emergency treatment, on spot financial assistance to families where the deceased
was the only bread earner, financial assistance for emergency surgery to help critically injured
etc.

Employees stand up to Stop Violence against Women:

The employees of BRAC Bank and its subsidiaries formed a human chain on February 14, 2013
in Dhaka to protest violence against women in solidarity with global campaign One Billion
Rising. Dot at 1.00pm, some 600 head office based officials of BRAC Bank, BRAC EPL stock
brokerage, BRAC EPL Investments, bKash, bITS came out of their desks and formed a human
chain from Gulshan 1 circle to BRAC Bank Head office at 1 Gulshan Avenue. They held
banners and placards in hands with awareness message for 30 minutes on the walkway besides
the road as a silent protest to violence against women. Women repression is rising around the
world and in Bangladesh as well. As per police records 1, 84,422 women were subject to
repression during 2001-2012 in the country. In line with mission of BRAC on women rights,
BRAC Bank always promotes women empowerment and ensures gender equality at workplace.
The Bank believes that raising voice creates public awareness and this campaign will go a long
way to stop women repression in the country.

Supporting the Liberation War Museum:

Muktijudhdha Jadughar (Liberation War Museum) is a national pride. It preserves history and
heritage of our liberation war in 1971 that led to the birth of independent Bangladesh. The
museum is now constructing its full-scale building at its 2.5 high a premise at Agargaon. BRAC
Bank has committed Tk. 1 crore for the construction. BRAC Bank, as a Bangladeshi Bank, has
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been associated with promoting endeavors of national pride for long and this support to the
Liberation War Museum is a part of it.
Some other programs that they initiate with social concern are:
Program

Lifelong support to

Purpose

Beneficiary

To stand beside the valiant

1 freedom fighter

Taramon Bibi, Bir Protik freedom fighter

Daur: Marathon for

To support humanity

and cold affected people

Humanity

Support

Numerous cancer patients

to

acid Social rehabilitation

70 women

victims

Meghe Dhaka Tara

To unlock potentials of

32 girls

disadvantaged girls

Financial aid to Hena

To stand beside helpless

Akhtar

family

Warm

cloths To help cold affected

distribution

people

Standing beside BDR

To help victims family

1 family

10,000 people

1 family

Victims

To help deceased families

Support

to

Rana

1,500+

&injured workers

Plaza victims

To raise voice for violence

Awareness

for

Whole country

against women

women rights

Support to Bishwo To renovate libraries

10,000 library goers

Shahitto Kendro

Standing
tornado

beside To help humanity

50 families

affected

people

3.3 Environment:
BRAC Bank is a planet caring bank. Its 3P philosophy defines environmental connection of the
bank. BRAC Bank promotes green banking and support green initiatives, through its social
works and banking, to do something for the Mother Nature. Here are some of the initiatives

Bird Fair in Jahangirnagar University:

BRAC Bank as part of its CSR activity sponsored BRAC Bank Pakhi Mela in 2008 organized by
Jahangirnagar University. This was done to raise awareness about conservation of immigrant
birds and thus to protect them from being endangered.
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BRAC Bank organizes a workshop on Prevention of Fire Hazards in Business

Premises:

BRAC Bank and Swisscontact-Katalyst have jointly organized a workshop on Prevention of Fire
in Business premises recently for a number of SME Entrepreneurs. The objective of the program
is to create awareness regarding fire related hazards in the business premises of the Small &
Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of the country, and to introduce the ways to minimize these hazards
among the participants.

Solarizing SME Unit Offices:

BRAC Bank continues to expand its solar power capacity as it has brought new SME Offices
under the renewable energy as part of its commitment to environment. The bank has completed
installation of solar panels in 149 SME Unit Offices as of in 2013. The bank is committed to
bring all 400 SME Unit Offices under solar energy BRAC Bank is a planet caring bank. BRAC
Bank promotes green banking and support green initiatives, through its social works and banking
operations, for the sake of doing something for the Mother Nature. Here are some of the
initiatives.

Going Green with E-Statement:

As an environment-friendly Bank, BRAC Bank ran a campaign to encourage its customers go

green by subscribing to e-Statements. Every year, a bank with size of BRAC Bank causes more
than 10,000 trees to fall simply for the hard-copy (paper) statements. Paperless account statement
will help save trees and make the country greener. With internet usage growing by more than
15% every year, e-Statement is the way to go forward With e-Statement, BRAC Bank pledges to
return as much green to the planet as possible against the tree fallen for paper-statements.

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Tuning with Green Office Guidelines:

BRAC Bank Limited is an environmental caring bank. In line with its 3P Philosophy of People,
Planet and Profit, BRAC Bank has strong commitment and attachment to environment. 3P
Philosophy is embedded in DNA of the bank. Green Office Guidelines has been adopted as
culture of the bank with theme Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Now employees align with banks
environmental initiatives. With a battalion of 8,000, employees involvement comes as a big
driving force in green initiatives. Use of electricity, use of paper, use of equipment and use of
water are key fundamentals of Green Office Guidelines. of daylight, energy saving bulbs, solar
energy are encouraged. The bank is using energy saving bulbs in its all buildings and
infrastructure. Employees are conscious about implication of printing on paper. If they can save a
page they can save tree. Using both sides of the paper and reuse of paper are encouraged. The
bank is installing printers that can automatically print on both sides of a paper. E-statement and
internet banking is encouraged. Employees prefer digitized format in all form of internal
communications. They prefer to carry out tasks in email rather than hard copy. Digitized format
is encouraged in documentation. The Board of Directors are provided with softcopy of Board
Meeting documents. Banks newsletters Flashback and HR Vista go e-version. Employees keep
conservation in mind while using electrical equipment and water in workplace. Across the bank
there is an urge for conservation of nature. The employees try to contribute from their position
and capacity to do something for mother nature.

3.4 Art & Culture:

Art and culture is the identity of a country. It refines human soul and defines intellect and
creativity of a society. As a Bangladeshi Bank, they try to promote and nurture art, culture and
heritage of the country. The passionate and consistent attachments make BRAC Bank
synonymous with art and culture. Here are a few notable initiatives.

Bangla Academy Book Fair (Ekushey Boi Mela):

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Each year, in the eve of the great International Mother Language Day, readers and writers make
the site of the Bangla Academy alive together. Bangla Academy Book Fair has become a fair of
life. As the only local bank, BRAC Bank always tries to develop and extent the scene of our
local art and culture. It was one of the sponsors of Bangla Acamedy Book Fair in 2008. Because
BRAC Bank believes in the vision and values of local culture, and thus this bank is the proud
partner of Bangla Academy Book Fair.

BRAC Bank sponsors Jatio Haowr Utshab at Mohonganj, Netrokona:

BRAC Bank as part of their CSR activity supported a 3-day long Jatio Haowr Utshab in
Mohangonj, Netrokona. Despite of having any distribution network in that locality, BRAC Bank
joined with Poribesh Bachao Andolon (POBA) to save the environment. The drive was to create
awareness to save the surrounding environment of Haowr areas and to protect its rich
biodiversity.

BRAC Bank Sponsors Bangladesh Travel & Tourism Mart:

BRAC Bank Limited was the title sponsor for the Bangladesh Travel & Tourism Fair, which was
held for 3 days in Bashundhara City Centre, Dhaka. BRAC Bank displayed its travel related
services, such as money endorsement, tour plan, airline booking, travel loan, etc at the fair.

BRAC Bank Limited partnered with DCCI for International Business

Conference:

BRAC Bank Limited partnered with DCCI (The Dhaka Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce &
Industry) for the publication of the book Commercial History of Dhaka and marking the
Golden Jubilee Celebration of DCCI. BRAC Bank supported the event of successfully
celebrating the historic compilation of 400 years of Dhaka that was acclaimed home and abroad.

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BRAC Bank pays tribute to Artist Safiuddin Ahmed:

BRAC Bank pays tribute to the eminent Artist Safiuddin Ahmed by celebrating his 86th birth
anniversary with his 1 st solo art exhibition in Bangladesh with Bengal Gallery of Fine Arts. As
part of BRAC Bank's ongoing CSR activity, it has sponsored the solo exhibition styled 'THE
LIMITLESS LUMINOSITY OF LINES'. The exhibition was held from June 23, 2008 till July
13, 2008.

BRAC Bank-Samakal Shahitya Puroshkar:

BRAC Bank-Samakal Shahitya Puroshkar 2012 has started for second year to inspire writers for
their creative works and enrich Bangla literature. BRAC Bank Limited and Daily Samakal have
teamed up to launch the literary award to inspire writers and litterateurs to further enhance
treasure of Bangla literature Art and culture is the identity of a country. It is creativity of a
society. As a Bangladeshi Bank, we promote and nurture art, culture and heritage of the country.
Our passionate and continuous attachments make BRAC Bank synonymous with art and culture.

Partnering with Amar Ekushey Grontho Mela in Pursuit of Enlightened Society:

BRAC Bank was a partner of Bangla Academy Amar Ekushey Grontho Mela 2013. This is the
fourth year thatthe bank has extended support to the largest book fair in the country. Every year
Bangla Academy premises is alive with readers and writers. Over the years it has emerged as a
symbol of knowledge and intellect of the society. Bangla Academy book fair has become a part
of our national identity and heritage.. Thats why BRAC Bank is proudly associated with the fair
of our soul

Bengal Classical Music Festival 2013:

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BRAC Bank Limited was the proud partner of Bengal Classical Music Festival 2013 that was
held between November 28 and December 1, 2013 at Army Stadium. Sir Fazle Hasan Abed,
Honorable Chairperson, BRAC and Chairman, BRAC Bank, formally inaugurated the largest
classical musical event in history of Bangladesh as the Chief Guest on November 28, 2013. The
festival was seen as a dawn of classical music revolution in the country. As a Bangladeshi Bank,
BRAC Bank believes such festival would help popularize classical music and groom young
talent.

Album of Ustad Niaz Mohammad Chowdhury: An Inspiring Masterpiece for the

Youth:

BRAC Bank has launched an exclusive solo album of renowned classical singer Ustad Niaz
Mohammad Chowdhury inspires the youth to classical music. The album has been launched at a
time when our young generation is distancing from classical music. The masterpiece of the
veteran musical maestro is a coveted collection for music lovers. At the ceremony, Mr. Syed
Mahbubur Rahman, Managing Director & CEO, BRAC Bank, said, BRAC Bank always comes
forward to promote classical and local music. As a Bangladeshi Bank, BRAC Bank always
extends support to initiatives of nurturing local art, culture and music. BRAC Bank keeps trust
on dreams, aspirations and potentials of Bangladeshi singers.

3.5 Youth development:

Bangladeshs youth need a supportive ecosystem one that not only gives them the tools to succeed,
but the support and motivation to get started. Many stakeholders, including universities, credit
institutions, philanthropists, and youth will need to work together to make changes at the societal
level. Already BRAC has named entrepreneurship as a key component of its youth strategy (20122015) and will scale up related activities. Currently the Social Innovation Lab is exploring models for
supporting young entrepreneurs locally and abroad to see how BRAC can enhance its current
activities with the best practices of others.
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BRAC has worked with youth since its founding in 1972, particularly around increasing the financial and
social independence of women (see timeline below). Initially, BRAC primarily contributed to ensure
basic education, as it is a critical need to set young women on the path to success.

Global Learning Meeting on Youth:

In 2012, BRACs first Global Learning Meeting on Youth was held and included representation
from BRACs 10 countries of operation. In several countries youth are the majority of
participants in main stream programs.

Investing in Youth Financing Dreams:

BRAC Social Innovation Lab organiszd the Investing in Youth Financing Dreams forum
in April 2012.The objective of the forum was to identify needs and brainstorm strategic
solutions to address the current dearth of start up support for young entrepreneurs.Their focus
placed on creating alternative streams of funds, such as venture capitalists and angel
investors.

Sponsorship of Viqarunnisa Noon Debating Club:

BRAC Bank sponsored the Viqarunnisa Noon Debating Club to organize their annual debating
competition. This initiative would help the youth to develop their creative skills and thus being
the future leaders to prepare themselves better to serve the society from the forefront.

15th All Asians Inter Varsity Debate Championship:

BRAC Bank Limited was the event sponsor for the Youth Development Night of 15th All Asian
Inter Varsity Debate Championship organized by North South University (NSU). This is a
praiseworthy initiative by a Bangladeshi institution to organize such a mammoth event where
more than 600 young debaters from all across Asia participated.

BRAC Bank Sponsors National Career Fair:

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BRAC Bank sponsored the 5th Annual National Career Fair organized by North South
University. This initiative for arranging the Career Fair was an effective means to open the
window of opportunity for bright and eager young students and graduates with employers for job
searching & networking. BRAC Bank contributed to this endeavor for a better way to the
development of our nation.

3.6 Youth leadership:

There are many reasons to be hopeful about Bangladeshs future. With several years of consistent
economic growth, it is firmly en route to become a middle-income country. And with a third of the
population between the ages of 18-35 (numbering 60 million by 2020), there is an inspired and energetic
post-Liberation generation rising. Todays youth, on the whole, are better educated than previous
generations. They are much more connected and proficient with technology. Many of the areas driving
Bangladeshs growth depend on youthfrom garment factory workers to the expanding pool of workers
seeking employment overseas.
As the youngest bank, BRAC Bank always stands beside young people and inspire them. BRAC Bank
keeps unshakable faith on dreams and potentials of the young generation. As this young generation will
lead the nation and their leadership capacity will influence the overall activities of a nation in future. So in
case of youth development and being them successful leader BRAC Bank helps them by providing
financial and other required supports.
Some steps of BRACs youth-focus programs over the years and their involvement in youth leadership
are given below:

BRACs investments in youth enable them to thrive for a lifetime, creating the next generations
of leaders and a society ready to take on whatever challenges lie ahead.

It tries to find new outlets for their energy and talents.

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Many face discrimination from employers based on their age, with young women also
encountering additional gender barriers. BRAC Bank doesnt discriminate in case of giving
support.

BRAC Bank not a mere financial institution, it is an organization that helps realize dreams and
potentials of the youth.

It raises awareness among young and unemployed people.

Sponsors in institutions that provides training, ideas and other supports in case of improving
leadership quality.

An example of BRAC Banks support in case of leadership is given below:

Iconic summiteers Wasfia Nazreen has conquered the highest peak of Antarctica as first Bangladeshi
national. As part of the fourth leg of her Bangladesh on Seven Summits campaign, she successfully
climbed Mount Vinson of Antarctica. BRAC Bank and BRAC Bank subsidiaries along with BRAC have
extended support for her expedition of the highest mountain of the South

3.7 Entertainment:
BRAC Bank involves in entertainment sector. It sponsors in various sports and contributes in the
development of these.

Junior Tennis Initiative sponsored by BRAC Bank

BRAC Bank has supported Bangladesh Tennis Federation to initiate Junior Tennis Initiative (JTI)
Program. Under this program young school children would be provided with necessary training on tennis.
This initiative is taken to create internationally acclaimed tennis stars from Bangladesh. This is to create
enthusiasm among the young school children about games and sports.

BRAC Bank Series:

BRAC Bank Limited participated as the title sponsor of the New Zealand tour of Bangladesh series styled
BRAC Bank Series 2008: Bangladesh vs. New Zealand during September 30 October 30, 2008.
Three One Day International (ODI) matches and two Test matches were played in Dhaka and Chittagong
in turn.
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BRAC Bank supported Bangladesh Hockey Federation:

BRAC Bank has sponsored BRAC Bank Club Cup Hockey Tournament with Bangladesh Hockey
Federation. The tournament was sponsored to motivate and provide financial support for the promising
hockey players of Bangladesh.

4.0 Conclusion:
BRAC Bank is one of the major financial institutions which contributes a lot in our economy. It is mainly
focused on SME sector and by this the economic development is assured. It helps entrepreneurs by
providing financial and other supportive facilities. As CSR is one of the major parts of business, BRAC
Bank tries to perform its activities with maintaining CSR. BRAC Bank Ltd follows 3Ps (People, Planet
and Profit) philosophy in its operation. Besides core business, the bank carries a strong emphasis on
Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives that support the people and protect the planet. Currently,
BRAC Banks CSR program focuses on: environment, education, health, young leadership, culture
heritage, and community development. The bank may keep focus on these areas and also expand to other
important areas where support is badly required. BRAC Bank gives importance on CSR in order to
survive in this competitive market.

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Bibilography:
www.bracbank.com/csr.php
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRAC_Bank
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility
bankinfobd.com/banks/3/BRAC_Bank
www.bangladesh-bank.org/pub/annual/csr/csr0809.pdf
www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/index.php?ref
www.banglapedia.org/HT/B_0685.htm
dspace.bracu.ac.bd/bitstream/handle/10361/1701/Raiyan.pdf?sequence

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