Playboy

This article is about the magazine. For the lifestyle that

inspired the magazines name, see Playboy (lifestyle).
For other uses, see Playboy (disambiguation).
Playboy is an American mens lifestyle magazine that
features photographs of nude women as well as journalism and ction. It was founded in Chicago in 1953 by
Hugh Hefner and his associates, and funded in part by a
$1,000 loan from Hefners mother.[3] The magazine has
grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc., with a presence in
nearly every medium. Playboy is one of the worlds best
known brands.[4] In addition to the agship magazine in
the United States, special nation-specic versions of Playboy are published worldwide.
The magazine has a long history of publishing short stories by notable novelists such as Arthur C. Clarke,[5] Ian
Fleming,[5] Vladimir Nabokov,[6] Saul Bellow, Chuck
Palahniuk, P. G. Wodehouse,[5] Haruki Murakami, and
Margaret Atwood.[5] With a regular display of full-page
color cartoons, it became a showcase for notable cartoonists, including Harvey Kurtzman, Jack Cole,[7] Eldon Dedini,[8] Jules Feier,[9] Shel Silverstein,[10] Erich Sokol,[5]
Gahan Wilson, and Rowland B. Wilson.[11]
Playboy features monthly interviews of notable public gures, such as artists, architects, economists, composers, The front cover of the rst issue of Playboy, December 1953.
conductors, lm directors, journalists, novelists, playwrights, religious gures, politicians, athletes and race
car drivers. The magazine generally reects a liberal editorial stance, although it often interviews conservative informed him it would le suit to protect their trademark
if he were to launch his magazine with that name.[13][16]
celebrities.[12]
Hefner, his wife Millie, and Sellers met to seek a
new name, considering Top Hat, Gentleman, Sir'",
Satyr, Pan and Bachelor before Sellers suggested
1 History
Playboy.[16]

1.1

The rst issue, in December 1953, was undated, as

Hefner was unsure there would be a second. He produced it in his Hyde Park kitchen. The rst centerfold
was Marilyn Monroe, although the picture used originally was taken for a calendar rather than for Playboy.[17]
Hefner chose what he deemed the sexiest image, a previously unused nude study of Marilyn stretched with an
upraised arm on a red velvet background with closed
eyes and mouth open.[18] The heavy promotion centered
around Marilyns nudity on the already famous calendar,
together with the teasers in marketing, made the new
Playboy magazine a success.[19][20] The rst issue sold out
in weeks. Known circulation was 53,991.[21] The cover
price was 50. Copies of the rst issue in mint to near
mint condition sold for over $5,000 in 2002.

1950s

By spring 1953, Hugh Hefner - a 1949 University of Illinois psychology graduate who had worked in Chicago
for Esquire magazine writing promotional copy; Publishers Development Corporation in sales and marketing; and Childrens Activities magazine as circulation promotions manager[13] had planned out the elements of
his own magazine, that he would call Stag Party.[14] He
formed HMH Publishing Corporation, and recruited his
friend Eldon Sellers to nd investors.[14] Hefner eventually raised just over $8,000, including from his brother
and mother.[15] However, the publisher of an unrelated
mens adventure magazine, Stag, contacted Hefner and
1

HISTORY

A Playboy cigarette lighter with the distinctive rabbit logo.

Centerfold of Marilyn Monroe from the rst issue of Playboy,

December 1953.

The novel Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, was serialized in the March, April and May 1954 issues of Playboy.
An urban legend started about Hefner and the Playmate
of the Month because of markings on the front covers of
the magazine. From 1955 to 1979 (except for a six-month
gap in 1976), the P in Playboy had stars printed in or
around the letter. The legend stated that this was either a
rating that Hefner gave to the Playmate according to how
attractive she was, the number of times that Hefner had
slept with her, or how good she was in bed. The stars,
between zero and 12, actually indicated the domestic or VX-4 insignia.
international advertising region for that printing.[22]
1.1.1

Rabbit logo

Playboys iconic and enduring mascot, a stylized

silhouette of a rabbit wearing a tuxedo bow tie, was created by Playboy art director Art Paul for the second issue
as an endnote, but was adopted as the ocial logo and has
appeared ever since.[23][24] A running joke in the magazine involves hiding the logo somewhere in the cover art
or photograph. Hefner said he chose the rabbit for its humorous sexual connotation, and because the image was
frisky and playful.
In an interview Hefner explained his choice of a rabbit as
Playboys logo to the Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci:
Hugh Hefner: 'I am in the center of the world,'" by Oriana
Fallaci, LOOK Magazine, January 10, 1967
The jaunty rabbit was quickly a popular symbol of extroverted male culture, becoming a lucrative source of

merchandizing revenue for Playboy. In the 1950s, it was

adopted as military aircraft insignia for the Navys VX-4
ghter-evaluation squadron.

1.2 1960s1990s
From 1966 to 1976 Robie Macauley was the Fiction Editor at Playboy. During this period the magazine published ction by Saul Bellow, Sean O'Faolain, John Updike, James Dickey, John Cheever, Doris Lessing, Joyce
Carol Oates, Vladimir Nabokov, Michael Crichton, John
LeCarre, Irwin Shaw, Jean Shepherd, Arthur Koestler,
Isaac Bashevis Singer, Bernard Malamud, John Irving,
Anne Sexton, Nadine Gordimer, Kurt Vonnegut and J. P.
Donleavy, as well as poetry by Yevgeny Yevtushenko.[25]
Macauley also contributed all of the popular Ribald Classics series published between January 1978 and March
1984.

3
glish Manor house (next door to the famous Playboy Mansion) for $18 m ($10 m less than the reported asking
price) to another American Daren Metropoulos the President and coowner of Pabst Blue Ribbon. Also that due to
signicant losses in the companys value (down from $1
billion in 2000 to $84 million in 2009) the Playboy publishing empire is up for sale for $300 m.[28] In December
2009, they further reduced the publication schedule to 10
issues per year, with a combined January/February issue.

The Editorial Board of Playboy in 1970. Back, left to right:

Robie Macauley, Nat Lehrman, Richard M. Ko, Murray Fisher,
Arthur Kretchmer; front: Sheldon Wax, Auguste Comte Spectorsky, Jack Kessie.

Since reaching its peak in the 1970s, Playboy saw a decline in circulation and cultural relevance due to competition in the eld it foundedrst from Penthouse, then
Oui (which was published as a spin-o of Playboy) and
Gallery in the 1970s; later from pornographic videos; and
more recently from lad mags such as Maxim, FHM, and
Stu. In response, Playboy has attempted to re-assert
its hold on the 1835 male demographic through slight
changes to content and focusing on issues and personalities more appropriate to its audiencesuch as hip-hop
artists being featured in the "Playboy Interview.

On July 12, 2010, Playboy Enterprises Inc. announced

Hefners $5.50 per share oer ($122.5 million based on
shares outstanding on April 30 and the closing price on
July 9) to buy the portion of the company he did not already own and take the company private with the help
of Rizvi Traverse Management LLC. The company derives much of its income from licensing rather than the
magazine.[29] On July 15, Penthouse owner FriendFinder
Networks Inc. oered $210 million (the company is valued at $185 million), though Hefner, who already owned
70 percent of voting stock, did not want to sell.[30] In January 2011, the publisher of Playboy magazine agreed to
an oer by Hefner to take the company private for $6.15
per share, an 18 percent premium over the price of the last
previous day of trading.[31] The buyout was completed in
March 2011.[32]

Christie Hefner, daughter of the founder Hugh Hefner,

joined Playboy in 1975 and became head of the company in 1988. She announced in December 2008 that
she would be stepping down from leading the company,
eective in January 2009, and said that the election of
Barack Obama as the next President had inspired her to
give more time to charitable work, and that the decision to
step down was her own. Just as this country is embracing change in the form of new leadership, I have decided
that now is the time to make changes in my own life as
well, she said.[26]

2 The Playboy Interview

In June 2009, the magazine reduced its publication schedule to 11 issues per year, with a combined July/August
issue and on August 11, 2009. Londons Daily Telegraph
newspaper reported that Hugh Hefner had sold his En-

The best-selling Playboy edition was the November 1972

edition, which sold 7,161,561 copies. One-quarter of all
American college men were buying or subscribing to the
magazine every month.[36] On the cover was model Pam

Besides its centerfold, a major part of Playboy for much

of its existence has been the Playboy Interview, an extensive (usually several thousand-word) discussion between a
notable individual and an interviewer (historian Alex Haley, for example, served as a Playboy interviewer on a few
occasions; one of his interviews was with Martin Luther
King Jr.; he also interviewed Malcolm X, then coauthored
his autobiography). One of the magazines most notable
interviews was a discussion with then-presidential candidate Jimmy Carter in the November 1976 issue in which
he stated I've committed adultery in my heart many
1.3 2000s2010s
times.[33][34] David She's interview with John Lennon
and Yoko Ono appeared in the January 1981 issue, which
The magazine celebrated its 50th anniversary with the
was on newsstands at the time of Lennons murder; the
January 2004 issue. Celebrations were held at Las Vegas,
interview was later published in book format.
Los Angeles, New York, and Moscow during the year to
Another interview type section, entitled 20Q (a play
commemorate this event.
on the game of Twenty Questions), was added in OctoThe magazine runs several annual features and ratings.
ber 1978. Cheryl Tiegs was the rst interviewee for the
One of the most popular is its annual ranking of the top
section.[35]
party schools among all U.S. universities and colleges.
For 2009, the magazine used ve considerations: bikini,
brains, campus, sex and sports in the development of its
list. The top ranked party school by Playboy for 2009 was 3 Circulation
the University of Miami.[27]

8 CELEBRITIES

Rawlings, photographed by Rowland Scherman.

in 2013, Playboy was cleared by the Pentagon of violating

Perhaps coincidentally, a cropped image of the issues its rule against selling sexually explicit material on milibut the base exchanges stopped selling it
centerfold (which featured Lena Sderberg) became a de tary property,
[45]
anyway.
facto standard image for testing image processing algorithms. It is known simply as the "Lenna" (also Lena)
image in that eld.[37]

In 1970, Playboy became the rst gentlemans magazine 5 Depictions of children

to be printed in braille.[38] It is also one of the few magazines whose microlm format was in color, not black and A study lead by Judith Reisman and funded by the
United States Department of Justice found that Playboy,
white.[39]
Penthouse, and Hustler cartoons frequently contain sexual depictions of children. This content was introduced
into Playboy one year after its founding, and frequently
4 Bans on the sale of Playboy
features incestuous themes.[46]
Many in the American religious community opposed the
publication of Playboy. The Louisiana pastor and author
L. L. Clover wrote in his 1974 treatise Evil Spirits Intel- 6 Litigation
lectualism and Logic that Playboy encouraged young men
to view themselves as pleasure-seeking individuals for Further information: Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v.
whom sex is fun and women are play things.[40]
Netscape Communications Corp.
In many parts of Asia, including India, mainland China,
Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and Brunei, On January 14, 2004, the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of
sale and distribution of Playboy is banned. In addition, Appeals ruled that Playboy Enterprises Inc.'s (PEI) tradesale and distribution is banned in most Muslim countries mark terms Playboy and Playmate should be pro(except Lebanon[41][42] and Turkey) in Asia and Africa, tected in the situation where a user typing Playboy or
including Iran, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Despite the Playmate in a browser search was instead shown adban on the magazine in these countries, the ocial Play- vertisements of companies that competed with PEI. (The
boy brand itself can still appear on various merchandise decision reversed an earlier district court ruling.) The suit
such as perfume and deodorants.
started on April 15, 1999, when Playboy sued Excite Inc.
[47]
While banned in mainland China, the magazine is sold and Netscape for trademark infringement.
in Hong Kong. In Japan, where genitals of models cannot be shown, a separate edition is published under license by Shueisha. An Indonesian edition was launched 7 Photographers
in April 2006, but controversy started before the rst issue hit the stands. Though the publisher said the content
Many notable photographers have contributed to Playboy,
of the Indonesian edition will be dierent from the origincluding Ken Marcus,[48] Richard Fegley,[49] Arny Freyinal edition, the government tried to ban it by using antitag,[50] Ron Harris,[51] Tom Kelley,[48] David Mecey,[52]
pornography rules. A Muslim organization, the Islamic
Russ Meyer,[53] Pompeo Posar,[54] Suze Randall,[55]
Defenders Front (IDF), opposed Playboy on the grounds
Herb Ritts,[56] Stephen Wayda,[57][58] Sam Wu,[59] Mario
of pornography. On April 12, about 150 IDF members
Casilli,[60] Annie Leibovitz,[56] Helmut Newton,[56] and
clashed with police and stoned the editorial oces. DeBunny Yeager.[61]
spite this, the edition quickly sold out. On April 6, 2007
the chief judge of the case dismissed the charges because
they had been incorrectly led.[43]
In 1986, the American convenience store chain 7-Eleven
removed the magazine. The store returned Playboy to its
shelves in late 2003. 7-Eleven had also been selling Penthouse and other similar magazines before the ban.
In 1995 Playboy was returned to shelves in Republic of
Ireland after a 36-year ban, despite staunch opposition
from many womens groups.[44]
Playboy was not sold in the state of Queensland, Australia
during 2004 and 2005 but returned as of 2006. Due to
declining sales, the last Australia-wide edition of Playboy
was the January 2000 issue.

8 Celebrities

For a full listing, please see List of people in

Playboy 19531959, 19601969, 19701979,
19801989, 19901999, 20002009, 2010
2019.
Many celebrities (singers, actresses, models, etc.) have
posed for Playboy over the years. This list is only a small
portion of those who have posed. Some of them are:
Film:

5
Marilyn Monroe (December 1953) (Never actually
posed for Playboy itself)
Jayne Manseld (February 1955)
Mara Corday (October 1958)

Linda Evans (July 1971)

Suzanne Somers (February 1980 and December
1984)
Shannen Doherty (March 1994 and December
2003)

Ursula Andress (June 1965)

Farrah Fawcett (December 1995 and July 1997)

Carol Lynley (March 1965)

Women of Baywatch (June 1998)

Margot Kidder (March 1975)

Claudia Christian (October 1999)

Kim Basinger (February 1983)

Shari Belafonte (September 2000)

Janet Jones (March 1987)

Brooke Burke (May 2001 and November 2004)

Drew Barrymore (January 1995)

Denise Richards (December 2004)

Susie Feldman (August 2008)

Karina Smirno (May 2011)

Music:
La Toya Jackson (March 1989/Nov 1991)

9 International editions

Fem2Fem (December 1993)

Nancy Sinatra (May 1995)
Samantha Fox (October 1996)
Joey Heatherton (April 1997)
Linda Brava (April 1998)
Belinda Carlisle (August 2001)
Tiany (April 2002)

This map shows the countries where Playboy is published. The

dark pink indicates the countries where regional editions of the
magazine are produced today and the lighter pink indicates the
countries where regional editions of Playboy were once published.

Carnie Wilson (August 2003)

Debbie Gibson (March 2005)
Sports:
Svetlana Khorkina (November 1997 Russian edition)

(starting at the accompanying date, or during the accompanying date range)

Current:

Katarina Witt (December 1998)

Tanja Szewczenko (April 1999 German Edition)

Argentina (19851995, 2006)

Joanie Laurer (November 2000 and January 2002)

Austria (2012)

Gabrielle Reece (January 2001)

Brazil (1975) (see Playboy (Brazil))

Kiana Tom (May 2002)

Bulgaria (2002)

Torrie Wilson (May 2003 and March 2004 [the latter with Sable])

Colombia (2008)

Amy Acu (September 2004)

Czech Republic (1991)

Amanda Beard (July 2007)

Estonia (2007)[63]

Ashley Harkleroad (August 2008)

[62]

Television:

Croatia (1997)

France (1973)
Germany (1972)[64]

11
Greece (1985)
Hungary (19891993, 1999)
Israel (2013-)[65]
Italy (19722003, 2008)[66]
Latvia (2010)[67]
Lithuania (2008)
Macedonia (2010 )[68]
Mexico (19761998, 2002)
Moldova (2012)[69]
Mongolia (2012-)
Netherlands (1983)
Philippines (2008)[70]
Poland (1992)[71]
Portugal (2009, 2012)[72]
Romania (1999)
Russia (1995)
Serbia (2004)[64]
Slovakia (19972002, 2005)
Slovenia (2001)
South Africa (19931996, 20112013)[71][73]
Spain (1978)
Thailand (2012)
Ukraine (2005)
United States (1953)
Venezuela (2006)

BOOKS

10 Other editions
The success of Playboy magazine has led PEI to market
other versions of the magazine, the Special Editions (formerly called News Stand Specials), such as Playboys College Girls[75] and Playboys Book of Lingerie, as well as the
Playboy video collection.
The growth of the Internet prompted the magazine to develop an ocial web presence called Playboy Online or
Playboy.com, which is the ocial website for Playboy
Enterprises, and an online companion to Playboy magazine. The site has been available online since 1994.[76] As
part of the online presence, Playboy developed a pay web
site called the Playboy Cyber Club in 1995 which features
online chats, additional pictorials, videos of Playmates
and Playboy Cyber Girls that are not featured in the magazine. Archives of past Playboy articles and interviews
are also included. In September 2005, Playboy launched
the online edition of the magazine Playboy Digital.
The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) has published a Braille edition
of Playboy since 1970.[77] The Braille version includes
all the written words in the non-Braille magazine, but no
pictorial representations. Congress cut o funding for
the Braille magazine translation in 1985, but U.S. District Court Judge Thomas Hogan reversed the decision
on First Amendment grounds.[78]
In 2010 Playboy introduced The Smoking Jacket, a
safe-for-work website designed to appeal to young men,
while avoiding nude images or key words that would
cause the site to be ltered or otherwise prohibited in the
workplace.[79]
In May 2011 Playboy introduced i.playboy.com, a complete, uncensored version of its near 700 issue archive,
targeting the Apple iPad. By launching the archive as
a web app, Playboy was able to circumvent both Apples
App Store content restrictions and their 30% subscription
fee.

Former:
Australia (19792000)see specic article
Georgia (country) (20072009)[74]
Hong Kong (19861993)
Indonesia (20062007)[64]
Japan (19752009)see specic article
Norway (19981999)
Singapore
Sweden (19981999)
Taiwan (19902003)
Turkey (19861995)

11 Books
General compilations
Nick Stone, editor. The Bedside Playboy. Chicago:
Playboy Press, 1963.
Anniversary collections
Jacob Dodd, editor. The Playboy Book: Forty
Years. Santa Monica, California: General Publishing Group, 1994, ISBN 1-881649-03-2
Playboy: 50 Years, The Photographs. San Francisco:
Chronicle Books, 2003, ISBN 0-8118-3978-8

7
Nick Stone, editor; Michelle Urry, cartoon editor.
Playboy: 50 Years, The Cartoons. San Francisco:
Chronicle Books, 2004. ISBN 0-8118-3976-1

Playboy Club

Gretchen Edgren, editor. The Playboy Book: Fifty

Years. Taschen, 1995. ISBN 3-8228-3976-0

Playboy Playmate

Interview compilations
G. Barry Golson, editor. The Playboy Interview. New York: Playboy Press, 1981. ISBN
0-87223-668-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-87223-644-7
(softcover)
G. Barry Golson, editor. The Playboy Interview Volume II. New York: Wideview/Perigee, 1983. ISBN
0-399-50768-X (hardcover), ISBN 0-399-50769-8
(softcover)
David She, interviewer; G. Barry Golson, editor.
The Playboy Interviews with John Lennon and Yoko
Ono. New York: Playboy Press, 1981, ISBN 087223-705-2; 2000 edition, ISBN 0-312-25464-4
Stephen Randall, editor. The Playboy Interview
Book: They Played the Game. New York: M Press,
2006, ISBN 1-59582-046-9

12

See also

Hugh Hefner
Playboy TV
Playboy UK
List of mens magazines
List of Playboy Playmates of the Month
List of Playboy Playmates of the Year
List of people in Playboy 19531959
List of people in Playboy 19601969
List of people in Playboy 19701979
List of people in Playboy 19801989
List of people in Playboy 19901999
List of people in Playboy 20002009
List of people in Playboy 20102019
List of Playboy Playmates by birthplace

Playboy Studio West

Playboy Dolls
Playboys Book of Forbidden Words
Playboy Enterprises
Pubic Wars
Counterculture of the 1960s

13 References
[1] eCirc for Consumer Magazines. Audit Bureau of Circulations. June 30, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
[2] | Playboy Enterprises FAQ
[3] Seib, Christine (December 9, 2008). Hefners Daughter Christie Walks Away from Playboy Enterprises. The
Times (London). Retrieved May 22, 2010.
[4] Wray, Richard (November 13, 2009). Iconix 'makes offer for Playboy'". The Guardian (London). Retrieved October 7, 2011.
[5] Steven Watts. Mr Playboy: Hugh Hefner and the American Dream. Wiley. pp. 80,91,111,144,152,190. ISBN
0-470-52167-8.
[6] Samuel Schuman (1979). Vladimir Nabokov, A Reference
Guide. p. 61.
[7] Art Spiegelman (2001). Jack Cole and Plastic Man: Forms
Stretched to Their Limits. Chronicle Books. p. 126. ISBN
0-8118-3179-5.
[8] Eldon Dedini (2006). An Orgy of Playboys Eldon Dedini.
Fantagraphics Books. p. 8. ISBN 1-56097-727-2.
[9] Stephen E. Kercher (2006). Revel with a Cause: Liberal
Satire in Postwar America. University Of Chicago Press.
p. 480. ISBN 0-226-43164-9.
[10] Shel Silverstein (2007). Playboys Silverstein Around the
World. Fireside. ISBN 0-7432-9024-0.
[11] Blog Archive We All Have To Start Somewhere Department. Case in Point No.11. EliSteinCartoons.com.
February 3, 2009. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
[12] Film Review: Hugh Hefner: Playboy, Activist and
Rebel. Filmjournal.com. July 20, 2010. Retrieved 201112-07.

List of Playboy videos

[13] Sumner, David E. (2010). The Magazine Century: American Magazines Since 1900. Peter Lang Publishing. p.
134. ISBN 978-1-4331-0493-0.

Playboy: The Mansion

[14] Watts, p. 62

The Playboy Mansion

[15] Watts, p. 63

13

[16] Watts, p. 64
[17] Summers, p. 59.
[18] Les Harding. They Knew Marilyn Monroe: Famous Persons in the Life of the Hollywood Icon. p. 75.

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[38] BLIND WIN RULING ON BRAILLE PLAYBOY.

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2006, The Guardian. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
[65] Nati Tucker (2013-01-14). Show me the bunny: Playboy
comes to Israel. Haaretz. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
[66] Party Time in Milan as Playboy Comes to Town, Corriere
della Sera. Retrieved on 2008-12-08.

14 External links
Ocial
Playboy.com
Playboy Enterprises Inc. (Corporate website)
Playboy UK
Others
Playboy Covers of the WorldThousands of Playboy covers from all past and present editions worldwide.
Crossett, Andrew, "Index: The Women of Playboy
1967 2007", 2007.
Playmate database at the University of Chicago

[67] Playboy published also in Latvia. bnn-news.com.

September 28, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-08.

A full listing of the Playboy Interview subjects and

their interviewers

[68] Playboy Macedonia. Netpress.com.mk. September 28,

2010. Retrieved 2011-12-07.

Josh Lambert, My Son, the Pornographer: Jewish

Editors at Playboy

[69] Galloway, Stephen (September 20, 2011). Hugh Hefner:

The Playboy Interview. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
[70] Philippine Playboy wont show full nudity. MSNBC.
Associated Press. March 27, 2008. Retrieved 2009-0308.
[71] Playboy Takes On World With Big Video Expansion,
By Richard Covington, International Herald Tribune,
November 3, 1993. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
[72] Portal Imprensa (March 26, 2009). Portugal will have
its own version of Playboy magazine from this month.
Portal Imprensa. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
[73] Ndlovu, Andile (15 May 2013). Playboy SA stripped o
mag rack. Times LIVE. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
[74] Playboy Magazine Enters Georgia, Plans to Conquer
Market, Nino Edilashvili, The Georgian Times, 2007-0521. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
[75] Where the Babes are. Archived from the original on
2005-05-07.
[76] Playboy Web Space. Archived from the original on December 20, 1996.
[77] NLS Reference Circular: Magazine Program (2007)".
Loc.gov. August 25, 2010. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
[78] The Braille Forum, June 2000. Archived from the original on 2011-05-10.
[79] Don Babwin (July 21, 2010). Playboy busts out of mold
on the Smoking Jacket. Associated Press.

10

15

15
15.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Playboy Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy?oldid=629930793 Contributors: AxelBoldt, WojPob, Mav, The Anome, Clasqm,
Ted Longstae, Turmeric, Kurt Jansson, Zoe, Modemac, Lightning, Olivier, AntonioMartin, Frecklefoot, Patrick, Kchishol1970, Infrogmation, Ken Arromdee, Erik Zachte, Shoehorn, Fearlessrick, Ixfd64, Dcljr, Sannse, Delirium, Tregoweth, Card, Ahoerstemeier, Den
fjttrade ankan, Darkwind, , Dpol, Cimon Avaro, Jiang, Alex756, JamesReyes, BRG, Arteitle, Jensp, Adam Bishop, Dcoetzee, Reddi, Kroum, Timc, Tpbradbury, Saltine, Nv8200p, K1Bond007, Thue, Jerzy, Flockmeal, RadicalBender, SD6-Agent, Riddley,
Nufy8, Ktims, Chealer, Misterrick, Moriori, RedWolf, Donreed, Moondyne, Romanm, Postdlf, Kahn, Desmay, SchmuckyTheCat, Texture, Sekicho, Meelar, Gidonb, Davodd, Sunray, Mervyn, Magicker71, Webhat, Diberri, Dina, David Koller, Decumanus, DocWatson42,
MaGioZal, Christopher Parham, Misterkillboy, Average Earthman, Everyking, Bkonrad, Frencheigh, FrYGuY, Mboverload, Redux, Solipsist, Gzornenplatz, Golbez, Wmahan, Austegard, Chowbok, Gadum, Pamri, Toytoy, Abu badali, Antandrus, Relaxus, Rdsmith4, Kuralyov, Sam Hocevar, Gscshoyru, Tromatic, Sonett72, Reex Reaction, AAAAA, Freakofnurture, Rich Farmbrough, Rhobite, Pmsyyz,
Deatonjr, H0tte, Ivan Bajlo, 1pezguy, AlanBarrett, Speedway, Pavel Vozenilek, Robertbowerman, Lou Crazy, Mr. Billion, Hayabusa
future, Mwanner, Shanes, Spearhead, AlexTheMartian, Bastique, Bobo192, 23skidoo, Leithian, Dungodung, Destry, Pokrajac, Anonymous Cow, Thedarkestclear, Karlthegreat, Diego Moya, Ashley Pomeroy, Kurt Shaped Box, Ynhockey, PAR, Yummifruitbat, DreamGuy,
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Lego3400, Artorius, Vegaswikian, ElKevbo, Jester2001, Durin, MutterErde, Yamamoto Ichiro, Titoxd, CCRoxtar, Editdroid, FlaBot,
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7121989, ONEder Boy, Tastemyhouse, Martin villafuerte85, Beckettwatt, Nick, Dppowell, Raven4x4x, Mikeblas, Jalabi99, Misza13,
Happy Evil Dude, Tony1, Wangi, Malepheasant, Seamus123456, Phgao, Zzuuzz, Playboy2005, Saranghae honey, Arthur Rubin, Ik.pas.aan,
Fang Aili, Janto, GraemeL, Vicarious, Garion96, Staxringold, Moomoomoo, D Monack, Jaysscholar, WikiFew, Thethinredline, Cranialsodomy, Locke Cole, Attilios, SmackBot, Looper5920, Jamott, Interlocutor, Cubs Fan, Williamnilly, KnowledgeOfSelf, Destron Commander, Ominae, Alberto msr, Pgk, Kilo-Lima, KocjoBot, Bwithh, Eskimbot, CapitalSasha, BJ Toxic, Commander Keane bot, Jakz34,
Quidam65, Ghosts&empties, Malatesta, Team Red Eye, Master Jay, Kurykh, Opiniastrous, Heyhay, Static Universe, Trebor, MalafayaBot,
Droll, Dlohcierekims sock, Paulfp, DHN-bot, Ned Scott, H Bruthzoo, Varunchablani, Tsca.bot, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Sl1982,
Eliyahu S, Chlewbot, Doug123w, Onorem, MJBurrage, TheKMan, Azumanga1, Rrburke, Gjc8, Xyzzyplugh, Khoikhoi, Steven X, Swainstonation, TedE, BlueEyedCat, Donsmokem, Jbenkato05, Welshy, Copysan, Trick man01, Borislee, Sadi Carnot, Deiz, Ck lostsword,
Pilotguy, Ohconfucius, Angela26, The undertow, Vildricianus, Nishkid64, Robomaeyhem, Cdwillis, Doug Bell, Alakey2010, Zahid Abdassabur, Kuru, John, Skittlesjc, AmiDaniel, Buchanan-Hermit, Cuddy Wifter, Rodsan18, AnonEMouse, Joey., GCW50, Hope(N Forever), Goodnightmush, ManiF, NongBot, Syrcatbot, PseudoSudo, Borsche, Special-T, Vanished user 4tjekfmwirjmkedfkj45, CHEWBACAJC, Danucciguzman, Mr Stephen, Rglovejoy, Jon186, Doczilla, Citicat, AEMoreira042281, TJ Spyke, TheLostProphet, 293.xx.xxx.xx,
Joseph Solis in Australia, Newone, Dipshit02, DavidOaks, Hokeman, Eric vinewood, Danlev, Billy Hathorn, Tawkerbot2, Makyura, Warmon, Killswitch Engage, Xcentaur, Zotdragon, J Milburn, Wafulz, Demockracy, Dyeslayer, 0zymandias, Dbzsamuele, GHe, MiamiDolphins3, Cumulus Clouds, Jordan310, Motamanx, Bill Sayre, Jac16888, Cydebot, Truip99, Rawgreenbean, Treybien, Goneshingforgood,
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Modernist, Gdo01, Hoponpop69, LegitimateAndEvenCompelling, 3-SUM, Valrith, Dreaded Walrus, JAnDbot, Trimalchi0, Janejellyroll,
Igodard, Stephens black friend, Jrduncans, Ecki, Magioladitis, Valeriesherman, AuburnPilot, Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, Rob08, Careless hx,
Harel, Eglmainz, Cartoon Boy, Hifrommike65, Smarkman1, LorenzoB, Spellmaster, Exiledone, Roricka, Glen, Hannaka, Esanchez7587,
Andymcd, Ryan444123, Textorus, Shorelander, Custardninja, Mmustafa, Jerem43, MartinBot, VickieP, John Doe or Jane Doe, Rettetast,
Manofradio, Padillah, Zouavman Le Zouave, Dan arndt, R'n'B, Trima1chi0, Comeclean, RockMFR, Wikiplayer1, Nasmformyzombie,
Naruttebayo, 5Q5, Cocoaguy, Jk5004, Nooch562, Billydeeuk, BaseballDetective, Starnestommy, Ryan Postlethwaite, GrodytotheMax,
Lavalamp66, Jsmith93, AntiSpamBot, Mrceleb2007, Belovedfreak, Volk282, STeamTraen, BostonRed, LordCo Centre, Topk, Mike V,
DMCer, Ghadden, Gtg204y, Torsoboy, Ragintable, Madmofo69, Ronbo76, JohnDoe0007, Xiahou, Mdg18, Idioma-bot, Funandtrvl, Speciate, Deor, VolkovBot, Morenooso, Shortride, Iosef, TheMindsEye, Ai4ijoel, Bsroiaadn, Hefsson, TXiKiBoT, Jizef, Cracker989, Reibot, Wikidemon, CoJaBo, Drwho888, Qxz, Vanished user ikijeirw34iuaeolaseric, Philiptarry, Flytje, Record307, Bangbro, DennyColt,
Corvus cornix, Wordsmith, Slysplace, Broadbot, Luis Daniel Gonzlez, ^demonBot2, Oporto9110, Picguy1013, UnitedStatesian, Keepingcartoonnetworkalive, Mjhammerle123, Rogue Gremlin, Rdfox 76, CO, Street F!ghter, Shorty 825, ROBBATJR, Townlake, Vwat,
Enviroboy, Vchimpanzee, GeeTeeBee, AlleborgoBot, Il pedro, Captain Future, Lordvader2009, Tharskjold, Rawfannation101, Fernandogonz, Il.mash3an, NHRHS2010, Oushou, Josh0056, Zackgdi, Mitchelac, Cablekids2010, Tankkid, Parislvr13, SieBot, Brittanylalala,
Nightarya, Madman, John Stattic, Awwww nah, Str8shooter911, Da Joe, Gregz0012, Fantastic fred, Caltas, Doug4422, Editor2520,
Loindepaname, Dreamer.se, George Kikonishvili, Flyer22, Hellswasteland, Ethiosolo, Oda Mari, Allysia, Jan noh wan san?, Trizza221,
Shnish, Amitroy premium, Burpolon2, Oxymoron83, Toymachinesk8er, Beachnut4, Pepso2, Computerfreak jon s, Lightmouse, Lado111,
Spitre19, Beijing2008, Dijah2007, Johncenarouge, Realm of Shadows, Jeannie105, Maralia, 312one, Lukebkerr, Superbeecat, Brittenh, RalphRuiz, Zuluagarules, Precious Roy, Avy, Angelo De La Paz, YVNP, Spider-Man9x17, Aladdin Zane, Mr. Granger, Ei2g,
Xky, ClueBot, SummerWithMorons, Reavus, JosephJames6, Alecsdaniel, Teddiedirector, Pillburydoughboy955, Tesshera, Ewin, Clueless91, Jwhitely, Solar-Wind, Concrete Complex, ElSaxo, Les woodland, Sheenmeister, D-Ancalade, Lkjhpoiu, Eliroof33, Fakenews333,
Fugu Alienking, Alpha Ralpha Boulevard, Orato123, MacedonianBoy, Cescoby, Dromadar, Cmacauley, Alexandra29, DumZiBoT, AncientToaster, Shivam22, Candice22, Electric Japan, MissMassaro-xO, Jim16353, Good Olfactory, RyanCross, Addbot, JohnnyAwe123,
Caden, Charleywin, Eerik89, Shorty23sin, Fladrif, Older and ... well older, Laurinavicius, Damiens.rf, Racheem, Aryder779, MrOllie,
Lihaas, Debresser, Rolfey30, Mbinebri, Nully, Weelambchops, Princesslucky105, RichardBond, SaintHammett, Ben Ben, Luckas-bot,
Yobot, Tham1334, Themfromspace, 40four, Donfbreed, Amirobot, Guy1890, Jazmine17, AnakngAraw, Captainclegg, Switchtoglide,

15.2

Images

11

AnomieBOT, Rjanag, Pernelldh, Krazyfunny, ArthurBot, Vital0208, Galatians5one, Xqbot, Anthonyn000, Cparker1, IrishTV, Marylynn
03, Cpryby, Ched, Learner001, , FrescoBot, Surv1v4l1st, Jan Slimkop, Pshent, FriscoKnight, Erin sinclair, TaylorzH, Orenburg1,
HelenOnline, Chrixl, Begoon, Theo10011, ErikvanB, Raykyogrou0, RjwilmsiBot, Danieljo2013, Zujine, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, GoingBatty, H3llBot, NYMets2000, Gsarwa, Ryanlively, Charitard, Ice-72, Frietjes, T-resh, Helpful Pixie Bot, Harley Hudson, BG19bot,
Flix11, Nicodugo, Canoe1967, Centaur Warchief, Openmy, BattyBot, DieterMartinez, Demon Witch, Tandrum, EditorE, Losekifr, The
Vintage Feminist, ComfyKem, Froglich, DavidLeighEllis, Marigold100, Jimmypopeyedoyle, TheRocknRollPat, Goblinshark17, Cpt Kid,
Vin alagan, Di.vergara and Anonymous: 637

15.2

Images

File:1953_Playboy_centerfold.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/66/1953_Playboy_centerfold.jpg License: Fair

use Contributors: http://cdn.anthonyscomicbookart.com/Images/Category_17/subcat_1592/playboy_2.jpg Original artist: photograhper:
Tom Kelley Sr. copyright owner: http://www.tomkelleystudio.com/
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Padlock-silver.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg License: CC0 Contributors:
http://openclipart.org/people/Anonymous/padlock_aj_ashton_01.svg Original artist: This image le was created by AJ Ashton. Uploaded
from English WP by User:Eleassar. Converted by User:AzaToth to a silver color.
File:Pb1253.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4b/Pb1253.jpg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
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File:Playboy_Staff_in_1970.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4c/Playboy_Staff_in_1970.jpg License: PD Contributors:
I (Cmacauley (talk) 17:32, 23 July 2010 (UTC)) created this work entirely by myself. Original artist:
Cmacauley (talk) 17:32, 23 July 2010 (UTC)
File:Playboy_lighter.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Playboy_lighter.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Downtowngal
File:Playboy_magazine_world_map_new.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Playboy_magazine_
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Tkgd2007
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License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ?

15.3

Content license

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