Computer Hardware Devices 2013

COMPUTER SYSTEM = combination of 4 hardware components to

accept and process data, display and store the output.

4 hardware components
1.INPUT
DEVICE
- = device to
accept data /
input by users
to be
processed.

2. PROCESSOR
= CPU will
process the
input data into
useful
information

Keyboard
Scanner
Mouse

3. OUTPUT
DEVICE

4. STORAGE
DEVICE

= device to
display the data
that has been
processed

= device that
store the data /
output for future
use

Example of Input Device

Touchscreen
CCTV
Web cam
Microphone
Digital camera
Laser pen

Bar code reader

joystick

Example of Processor
CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Monitor
Headphone
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Example of Output Device

Speaker
Printer
plotter

LCD Projector

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Computer Hardware Devices 2013

STORAGE DEVICE
Primary Storage

RAM

ROM

Secondary Storage

Magnetic medium
Hard disk
Floppy disk
Optical Medium

Flash Memory
Pen drive
Memory card
Memory Stick

CD ROM
DVD ROM
Blu Ray disk
CDR
CDRW

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Computer Hardware Devices 2013

INPUT

PROCESS

OUTPUT

STORAGE
1. User key in (input) the data using input device.
2. The data will be processed by processor into useful information.
3. The processed data (info) will be displayed by output device such as
monitor, printer,...
4. The processed data (info) will be stored for future used.
**Types of data
text, graphic, audio, video
Types of information text, chart, graphic, graph, total mark, video, audio.

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Computer Hardware Devices 2013

1. INPUT any data / instructions enter into the computer for processing.
Types of input
Input devices

Text
Keyboard
Scanner
Barcode
reader
Optical
reader

Graphics
Scanner
Digital
camera

Audio
video
microphone CCTV
MIDI
Web cam
keyboard
Digital
camera

**pointing device mouse, trackball, graphic tablet, touch screen.

2. PROCESS process raw data into useful information.

done by CPU or processor

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Computer Hardware Devices 2013

FETCH

STORE

DECODE

EXECUTE

FETCH + DECODE
EXECUTE + STORE
** I-Cycle + E-Cycle

= Instruction Cycle (I-Cycle)

= Execution Cycle (E-Cycle)
= Machine Cycle

3. OUTPUT data that has been processed / information

Can be displayed (soft copy) dan printed (hard copy)
Types of output Text
Graphics
Audio
video
Output devices Printer
Scanner
Speaker
LCD
projector
Scanner
Headphone

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Computer Hardware Devices 2013

4. STORAGE location which data / information is kept for future used.

STORAGE DEVICE
Primary Storage

RAM

ROM

Secondary Storage

Magnetic
medium

Flash Memory

Hard disk
Floppy disk

Pen drive
Memory card
Memory Stick
Optical Medium

CD ROM
DVD ROM
Blu Ray disk
CDR
CDRW

Differences RAM vs ROM

DIFFERENCES
RAM
Data and Program
Stores during and after
processing
Content
Temporary (sementara)
Processing Time
Volatility

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Very fast, but use a lot of

power
Volatile (meruap)
-content loss when power
is OFF

ROM
Stored by manufacturer
Permanent (kekal kecuali
padam)
Fast, use only little power
Non-volatile (tidak meruap)
-content still have when
power is OFF

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Computer Hardware Devices 2013

Differences Primary vs Secondary Storage

DIFFERENCES

Primary Storage

Secondary Storage

Need

Compulsory

Alternative

Location

Installed internally
External storage
and can be accessed
directly by CPU

Capacity of
data stored

Store small amount

of data

Store large amount

of data. Ex: hard disk

Access Speed

Faster because
closer to CPU

Slow because have

to transfer by cable
to CPU

Cost

Expensive

Cheap

Volatility

Volatile (except
ROM)

Non-Volatile

Save data

Temporary

Permanent

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